What happens to the size in each level in the idealized pyramid as energy is transferred through the trophic levels?

Answer:

During El Nino and LA Nina, opposing weather conditions are observed

Explanation:

Both El Niño and La Niña are weather patterns that occurs in the Pacific Ocean. It causes changes in global temperature and rainfall levels.

El Niño is associated with warmer sea surface temperatures and increased rainfall, while La Niña is associated with cooler sea surface temperatures and drought conditions.

During El Niño, the climate in a specific region is characterized by warmer sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. This leads to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns which can result in increased rainfall in some areas, such as an extended wet season in South America.

On the other hand, during La Niña, the climate in a specific region is characterized by cooler sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. This can lead to drought conditions in some regions, such as decreased precipitation in the western United States.

https://brainly.com/question/40852399

#SPJ11

Answer:

Answer is D "Genes for the two traits are located close together on the same chromosome, and crossing over occurred between the two gene loci"

Explanation:

Traits are distinguishing characteristics of an organism. The Phenotypic crossing of the Drosophila melanogaster specie with Gray body and long wings over that of the same specie but female with black body and apterous wings produced a total of 100 offspring, which showed a that genetic crossing were done on the closely related chromosomes of the body traits for the individual species.

Answer:

Denaturation

Explanation:

Proteins are huge molecules that need to get an accurate tridimensional structure to accomplish their function.

In water, these molecules keep their hydrophilic parts in the outside and the hydrophobic part in the inside.  

There are some treatments like changes in temperature or pH that provoke changes in the tridimensional structure of the protein. This process is known as DENATURATION. The protein losses its original native structure and its properties.

When denaturation occurs the protein tends to join together with other denaturalized proteins through the areas that repeal water, becoming coagulated.

Answer:

Answer is A. Denaturation.

Explanation:

Denaturation occurs when there is a disruption in the highly ordered or molecular structures, i.e, the secondary and tertiary structures ,present in the native state of the protein.

Denaturation can be caused through the application of some external stress, heat, inorganic salts among others.

Answer:

Offseason period.

Explanation:

Offseason time or period for an athlete is the time when an athlete does not have or engage in any competitive events. it is the period of rest,at the same time, the period when the athlete is preparing for the upcoming season.

This time usually falls at the end of the year. At this time, the athlete will work on his weight to make it good and effective as possible, so that he will be in his best form when the season starts.

Answer:

NNllddMM or NnllddMm

Explanation:

Given -

a) Allele representing long neck is N and allele representing small neck is n

b) Allele representing Long legs is L and  allele representing short legs is l

c) Allele representing Dark spots is D and allele representing light spots is d

d) Allele representing ability to digest plant material with high cellulose levels is M and disability to digest plant material with high cellulose levels is m

Genotype for Lock neck would be NN or Nn

Genotype for short-legged would be ll

Genotype for light-spotted would be dd

Genotype for cellulose-digesting giraffe would be MM or Mm

Hence, genotype of a giraffe with  long-necked, short-legged, light-spotted, cellulose-digesting giraffe would be NNllddMM

or NnllddMm

The fluidity of the plasma membrane is primarily due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid bilayer. These fatty acids have kinks in their tails due to double bonds that prevent them from packing together tightly, thereby increasing the membrane's fluidity. Cholesterol molecules also contribute to membrane fluidity.

The part of the plasma membrane that contributes the most to its fluidity is the presence of unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipid bilayer. These unsaturated fatty acids have kinks in their tails due to the presence of double bonds which prevent the fatty acids from packing together tightly, thus increasing the fluidity of the membrane. A more fluid membrane allows for greater flexibility and movement of components within the membrane, such as proteins.

Another important contributor to the fluidity of the cell membrane is cholesterol. Cholesterol molecules, embedded inside the fatty acid chains of the membrane, further hinder the tight packing of fatty acids, therefore enhancing membrane fluidity.

https://brainly.com/question/33587586

#SPJ3

The cholesterol in the plasma membrane is crucial in contributing to its fluidity. This fluidity, essential for various cellular functions, can adapt according to conditions, like temperature changes. This ensures the proper functioning and maintenance of the cell's homeostasis.

The primary contributor to the fluidity of the plasma membrane is the presence of cholesterol molecules. The fluid mosaic model explains that the plasma membrane structure is a mosaic of components - such as phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates - which can flow and shift positions, while still maintaining the overall integrity of the membrane. Cholesterol, in particular, provides a significant contribution to this fluidity.

In the plasma membrane, cholesterol restricts the movement of phospholipids, thus managing membrane fluidity and keeping the plasma membrane from becoming too firm or too fluid. The varied fluidity across the membrane allows the membrane to segregate proteins in specific domains performing unique functions and thus plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell's homeostasis. Therefore, the plasma membrane's flexibility and adaptability, key for various cellular processes, are primarily attributed to the presence of cholesterol.

Beyond the molecular structure, it's relevant to mention that membrane fluidity is also influenced by factors such as temperature. For instance, in cold conditions, more cholesterol is contained in the plasma membranes of animals, acting as a biological 'antifreeze' and preventing the membrane from solidifying.

https://brainly.com/question/30609394

#SPJ6

Answer:

Eukaryotes

Explanation:

The protista are not classified under animal, plant or fungus category. They are mostly unicellular but some protists for example, algae are considered as muticellular. The multicellular protists like seaweed provides oxygen, food and shelter for various ecosystems under water. The seaweed is similar to a plant but not categorized under plantae kingdom as it is less complex as compared with plants.

They are generally heterotropic that means they gain energy by consuming other organisms. The protists can also obtain energy by photosynthesis that is heterotropic in nature.

Answer:

Another property of metal ions that assists in catalysis is stabilization of negative charge transition states.

A few properties of metal ions that assists in catalysis are is its ability to orient a substrate and perform reversible oxidation-reduction reaction as seen in redox catalysis.

Answer:

Explanation: The combination formed by an enzyme and its substrates is called the enzyme–substrate complex.

In catalysis as acid, base and salt reaction .Although metal-assisted hydrolysis of lipids remains relatively unexplored, it is undoubtedly of equal importance.

Answer:

Yes, both species have different instincts of nesting behaviors.

Explanation:

Nesting behavior is an instinct of species to a desire for a protected nest for their newborns. Typically, it is more common in pregnant animals due to the production of a hormone "Estradiol".

According to the conditions given in the question, nesting instinct in red-beaked wombats is ~29% whereas for purple-tongued wombats is ~79%. This difference suggest the stronger desire of red-beaked wombats to make a nest in the trees compared to the purple-tongued wombats (purple-tongued wombats may have desire for places other than trees). Here, we could argue that this high desire of nesting behavior in trees for red-beaked wombats was might be due to the high production of Estradiol. In any case, there was a clear difference in the nesting behavior for both species.

Both species, red-beaked wombats and purple-tongued wombats do nest in trees but at different rates. Therefore, there is indeed a difference in tree-nesting behavior between the two species.

To determine if there are species differences in tree nesting behavior between the red-beaked wombats and the purple-tongued wombats, we need to compare the ratios of wombats in each species that nest in trees.

For red-beaked wombats, this ratio is 35 out of 120. To simplify this, we can divide both numbers by 5 to get 7 out of 24.

For purple-tongued wombats, the ratio is 78 out of 99. Since these numbers have no common divisor other than 1, we cannot simplify this ratio further.

Comparing these simplified ratios, we find that 7 out of 24 red-beaked wombats nest in trees, while 78 out of 99 purple-tongued wombats nest in trees. So yes, these two species do display different tree nesting behaviors, with purple-tongued wombats being more likely to nest in trees than red-beaked wombats.

https://brainly.com/question/11857810

#SPJ12

Answer:

Option A, hydrogenous sediments

Explanation:

Hydrogenous sediments are made up of minerals suspended in water that precipitates out in due course of time thereby forming minerals. These sediments are found in a very small amount and generally constitute 0.5 to 1 % of the total ocean sediments. While cosmogenous sediments are made up of space materials falling on earth, biogenous sediments are made up of living organism remains, lithogenous sediments are made up of land. All manganese, ferromanganese and phosphite nodules are hydrogenous

Hence, option A is correct

Answer: A

Explanation: i used it myself from gradpoint.

Answer:

The matching goes as follows: 1-d, 2-e, 3-b, 4-c,5-a

Explanation:

This question asks for the definitions of different types of stretchings, flexibility, and joint. Static stretching is stretching slowly as far as possible and holding the stretch, dynamic stretching involves moving parts of the body to increase reach and speed, flexibility refers to using joints fully for wide motion range, ballistic stretching involves quick and gentle bounce using momentum, and joint is where bones meet in the body.

The subject of this question is to identify the correct definitions of different types of stretching, flexibility, and where the term joint fits in a physical health context. Here are the correct matchings:

https://brainly.com/question/32101148

#SPJ6

Answer:

d. After watching a plant for a week, you determine it needs more sunlight.

Explanation:

An inference is a thought or idea gotten from evidence and reasoning. It helps us to gain knowledge

Answer:

8 offsprings (50%)

Explanation:

When genes are on the same chromosome but very far apart, they assort independently due to crossing over (homologous recombination).

When genes are far apart, crossing over happens often enough that all types of gametes are produced with 25% frequency.

When AaBb × aabb; the offsprings are as follows:

= AaBb, Aabb, aaBb, aabb

= AaBb, Aabb, aaBb, aabb

= AaBb, Aabb, aaBb, aabb

= AaBb, Aabb, aaBb, aabb

Recombinants phenotypes of linked genes are those combinations of genes not found in the parents.

From the cross above, it is obvious that only 8 offsprings are quite different from their parents.

To calculate the recombinant frequecy, we  divide  (no of recombinant/ total no of offsprings) × 100%

=(8/16) × 100%

= 1/2 × 100%

=0.5 × 100%

= 50%

Answer:

Studies have shown that the immune response in the body is regulated at the level of genes especially the adaptive immune response.

The body has evolved their immune system to eradicate or reject some specific pathogens and cancerous cells by expressing the antigen-specific genes which raise the immune response which could be at both humoral or cellular level.

The example of allelic exclusion is the example of how gene expression controls the formation of antigen-specific antibodies due to the expression of different segment of a particular gene or mutated gene.

Thus, the immune response is controlled by genes.

Answer:

Option (B).

Explanation:

Fundamentals of Emergency Management (FEMA) may be defined as the organization that helps in the management of resources. This also helps to deal with the all  humanitarian emergency.

Prevention activities to remove the particular danger are also listed in the FEMA.  The identification for the site access previously might helps to reduce the health related and risk related problems of the individuals working at the site.

Thus, the correct answer is option (B).

Option d.

A prevention activity is exemplified by the passing of an ordinance to control development in a floodplain, which is enacted with the intention of avoiding potential property damage and loss of lives during a flood.

Prevention activities are aimed at lessening or averting potential threats before they cause harm. From the given options, the act of passing an ordinance on controlling development in a floodplain signifies a prevention activity. This measure is enacted to prevent the construction of buildings that could potentially be damaged during a flood, consequently preventing the loss of property and lives. This action exemplifies an attempt to proactively minimize the impact of a future hazard, as opposed to a reactive response post disaster occurrence.

https://brainly.com/question/33596505

#SPJ11

Answer:

a. bottleneck; founder

Explanation:

Bottleneck effect is a loss of a large portion of population. The loss in population results in loss of alleles and a corresponding loss in the population's genetic variability. As a result, the population often become more susceptible to diseases and other limiting factors of the environment.

Founder effects on the other hand is a phenomenon whereby a small portion of a population migrates away from the original population and ends up establishing a new population in another area. The new population most often experience low genetic variability as well as a skewed sample of the alleles in the original population. This also makes the new population to be more susceptible to environment's limiting factors.

Hence, the surviving oaks in the original population will likely experience a bottleneck effect, while the oaks in the new population will likely experience a founder effect.

Final answer:

The original oak population will likely face a bottleneck effect due to the drastic reduction in population size from the wildfire, while the new population from the blown away acorns will likely experience a founder effect, establishing different genetic characteristics.

Explanation:

The surviving oaks in the original population will likely experience a bottleneck effect, while the oaks in the new population will likely experience a founder effect. The bottleneck effect occurs after the wildfire dramatically reduces the population size, resulting in the potential loss of genetic variability and altering allele frequencies. In contrast, the founder effect happens when acorns, carried by the wind, germinate and establish a new population at a significant distance. This small group can lead to a different genetic composition in the new population, distinct from that of the original population due to random sampling of alleles.

Answer:

Littoral zone

Explanation:

The littoral zone act as a connection between pelagic zone and terrestrial ecosystem. The large amount of species diversity is observed in littoral zone. The emergent plants are rooted plants that generally float over the surface but few plants are submerged in water.

The emergent plants are the marcrophytes. These plants are dominant in the littoral zone of lake. The fresh water marshes are commonly inhabited by emergent plants (Typha). The emergent plants have high primary production rate thus increasing the productivity of fresh water marshes.

The Safe Drinking Water Act (A) is the best choice for the statement as it is focused on setting the minimum safety standards for community water supplies in the United States.

The statement 'Requires minimum safety standards for community water supplies can be best paired with the Safe Drinking Water Act (A). This is because the Safe Drinking Water Act passed in 1974 in the United States, is a federal law that ensures the quality of Americans' drinking water. The law requires many actions to protect drinking water and its sources including rivers, lakes, reservoirs, springs, and groundwater wells. The other choices pertain to different aspects of environmental and water protection, with varying levels of specificity and areas of focus.

https://brainly.com/question/32940199

#SPJ11

Final answer:

The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) is the legislation that sets minimum safety standards for community water supplies by establishing Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for contaminants in drinking water. Thus, option A is correct.

Explanation:

The legislation that requires minimum safety standards for community water supplies is the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). This act, established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1974, was created to standardize drinking water quality across the United States. The SDWA authorizes the EPA to set national health-based standards for drinking water to protect against both naturally occurring and man-made contaminants that may be found in drinking water. The EPA achieves this by conducting risk assessments and setting Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs), which are the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. If the MCL is exceeded, immediate water treatment is mandated to reduce the contaminant level to an acceptable standard.

The angle of incoming sunlight is primarily responsible for climate variation across the world, with the tilt of Earth's axis causing different regions to experience varying levels of solar intensity, thus affecting temperature which in turn influences climate.

The single feature that is primarily responsible for the variation of climate in different parts of the world is the angle of incoming sunlight. This is because the earth is tilted on its axis at 23.5 degrees, and as it orbits around the sun, the tilt causes variations in the angle at which sunlight hits different parts of the planet. Areas that receive more direct sunlight experience warmer climates, whereas areas with an increased angle of incoming solar radiation, particularly near the poles, result in more reflected sunlight and cooler climates. The angle of sunlight affects the intensity of solar energy received at the surface, which plays a crucial role in determining temperature, a major factor in climate variability.

In contrast to length of daylight, which does influence climate by affecting temperature, the angle at which sunlight strikes the Earth has a more profound effect on climatic conditions. For instance, even though the Arctic region experiences 24 hours of daylight in the summer, the heat is less intense because the incoming sunlight is at a very low angle. Additionally, factors such as precipitation levels, influenced by temperature, and other elements like nearness to oceans and mountain ranges, contribute to the climate but are secondary to the fundamental impact of sunlight's angle.

https://brainly.com/question/13263033

#SPJ2

Answer:

primary succession

Explanation:

In ecology, succession is a phenomenon used to describe the process by which the structure of an ecosystem changes from time to time. New features, species and components are being introduced into an ecosystem.

There are 2 major types of succession: primary and secondary. While secondary succession involves a series of changes that occur in a biological community that is not new or that has been once colonized by several features and forms of life, primary succession involves the changes that occur from a bare land that has no life form.  

Primary succession occurs on barren lands and bare rocks. The buildup of soil on bare rock by the decomposition of early colonizers is characteristic of primary succession .

Answer:

B. Micelles

Explanation:

Digestion products of lipids such as fatty acids and monoglycerides are hydrophobic. Bile salts make these hydrophobic molecules more soluble. The amphipathic bile salts in intestinal chyme surround them to form tiny spheres called micelles. Each micelle is 2–10 nm in diameter and has almost 20–50 bile salt molecules.  

During micelles formation, the hydrophobic regions of bile salts interact with fatty acids and monoglycerides while their hydrophilic regions interact with the watery intestinal chyme. These micelles move from the interior of the small intestinal lumen to the brush border of the absorptive cells where the fatty acids and monoglycerides diffuse out of the micelles into the absorptive cells. The micelles are left behind in the chyme to transport even move digested lipids.  

Answer: Respiratory gases(Oxygen)

Explanation:

The essential role of cadio vascular system is to supply blood; containig metabolites (glucose,amino acid, fatty acid and glycerol) and gases expecially Oxygen,needed for combustion of these nutrients(metabolites) in mitochondrial of cells (cellular Respiration) to generate ATPs for biochemical activities of the body.

Answer:

Osteocyte

Explanation:

All hematopoietic and immune blood cells are derived from stem cells cells in the bone marrow.

An immature cell that has the potential to develop into any type of blood cell, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

Peripheral blood and bone marrow contain hematopoietic stem cells.

Thus, all the immune cells and hematopoietic cells arises from stem cell present in bone marrow.

For more details regarding stem cells, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/11161299

#SPJ2

The matching terms are pupa, tadpole, larva, complete metamorphosis, incomplete metamorphosis, juvenile, and metamorphosis.

The correct matching of the terms is as follows:

1. pupa - g. A young frog or toad in the larval stage of development

2. tadpole - c. The first or earliest period of life in a young animal

3. larva - f. The stage between larva and adult in insects undergoing complete metamorphosis

4. complete metamorphosis - b. The change from larva to adult comes in several steps or stages

5. incomplete metamorphosis - a. The change from larva to adult occurs in one dramatic step

6. juvenile - The stage of life of an organism which undergoes metamorphosis

7. metamorphosis - e. The transformation of a larva to an adult

https://brainly.com/question/22200710

#SPJ12

Answer:

C. tarsal glands: produce tears

Explanation:

The tarsal plate refers to a thick fold of connective tissue that serves as a support to the eyelids. A row of tarsal glands is embedded in each tarsal plate. Tarsal glands are elongated modified sebaceous glands. Also known as meibomian glands, they secrete a fluid that helps keep the eyelids from adhering to each other. These glands do not produce tears. Tears are produced by lacrimal glands present in the lacrimal apparatus.

Answer:

B. 1.9 - 2.5

Explanation:

According to Agfa's operating manual logarithm numbers are used to show the acceptable range of exposure indicators.

Answer:

option D

Explanation:

beta blockers usually decreases the blood pressure by inhibiting the release of  adrenaline also known as epinephrine hormone which have sympathetic effects on heart. Beta blockers works by slowing down the heart rate, so less oxygen is needed by heart to pump the blood and takes longer time in filling.

but beta blockers are not recommended in hypertension. and they are also not used in asthmatic patient as it can worsen the asthma.

Answer:

The HIGHER the resistance in a blood vessel, the more rapidly the pressure DECREASES as blood flows through it.

Answer:

D) 4

Explanation:

A balanced meal should provide enough energy to sustain about 3 to 4 hours of moderate activity. This depends on factors like individual's size, age, gender, and level of physical activity.

The number of hours that meal portion sizes should be enough to sustain activity for can vary greatly depending on factors such as the individual's size, age, gender, and level of physical activity. However, a general rule of thumb is that a balanced meal should provide enough energy to sustain about 3 to 4 hours of moderate activity. This is because the body takes about that amount of time to metabolize the foods and absorb the nutrients from a meal.

For example, if you have breakfast at 7 am, it should keep you energized until about 10 or 11 am. Then, a lunch at noon should sustain you until 3 or 4 pm, and so on. This pattern allows for 3 meals a day with a couple of healthy snacks in between if needed.

https://brainly.com/question/28484887

#SPJ3

Final answer:

The frequency of the c4 allele in the tree swallow population is calculated by dividing the number of c4 alleles (58) by the total number of alleles (100), resulting in a frequency of 0.58 or 58%.

Explanation:

To calculate the frequency of the c4 allele in the tree swallow population, we can use the Hardy-Weinberg principle. First, let's find the total number of alleles, which is twice the number of individuals, since each individual has two alleles for a given gene. The population consists of 18 homozygous individuals (36 alleles), plus 22 heterozygous individuals (22 alleles of c4), and 10 individuals lack the allele (thus contributing 0 alleles of c4). So, there are 36 + 22 + 0 = 58 c4 alleles in total.

Next, we calculate the total number of individuals in the population, which is 18 + 22 + 10 = 50. The total number of alleles is thus 2 * 50 = 100 alleles. Now, we calculate the frequency of the c4 allele by dividing the number of c4 alleles by the total number of alleles: 58 c4 alleles / 100 total alleles = 0.58 = 58%.

Hence, the frequency of the c4 allele in the population is 0.58 or 58%.