Technically, every particle attracts every other particle. The Shell theorem says that for spherical objects of uniform density, where neither object is inside the other, we can regard them as though all the mass of each object were located at the center of mass of that object.
The Shell Theorem may apply to forces besides gravity, (notably the Coulomb Force) but it would be the center of charge, rather than the center of gravity.
A molecule has four unshared electrons on the central atom and four chlorine atoms bonded to the central atom. What is its molecular shape and its hybridization?
Express in scientific notation. Make sure your answer has the same number of significant figures as the starting value. 61,103 = _____ 6.11 x 10 4 6.1103 x 10 4 6 x 10 4
To express 87,449 in scientific notation with four significant figures, it's written as 8.745 × 104. The number 0.000066600 in scientific notation with five significant figures is expressed as 6.6600 × 10-5.
Explanation:To express the number 87,449 in scientific notation with four significant figures, you need to place the decimal after the first digit and count the number of places you move it. In this case, the decimal is moved 4 places to the left: 8.7449 becomes 8.744. Now, we need just four significant figures, so it rounds to 8.745. This gives us 8.745 × 10 to the power of 4, or 8.745 × 104.
Writing the number 0.000066600 in scientific notation with five significant figures involves moving the decimal point 5 places to the right, giving us 6.6600 which rounds to 6.6600 with five significant figures. This becomes 6.6600 × 10 to the negative fifth power, or 6.6600 × 10-5.
In order for condensation to occur, air must be ________________ with water vapor.
What physically breaks hydrogen bonds between water molecules as ice melts? what physically breaks hydrogen bonds between water molecules as ice melts? covalent bonds of water molecules movement of water molecules mass of water molecules polarity of water molecules?
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are broken when ice melts as a result of increased kinetic energy of the water molecules, which comes with increased temperature. As the water molecules move past each other, the hydrogen bonds are naturally broken. Conversely, these bonds remain intact as water freezes, contributing to the less dense nature of ice compared to liquid water.
Explanation:In the process of ice melting, the hydrogen bonds between water molecules are broken due to the kinetic energy of the water molecules, which increases as the temperature increases. The water molecules move and slide past each other, causing the bonds to break.
Hydrogen bonds regularly form and break in liquid water, but when the temperature drops and water freezes, a crystalline structure is formed, which is maintained by hydrogen bonding as there is not enough energy to break these bonds. This characteristic makes ice less dense than liquid water, an unusual property when compared to other liquids.
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Where do all the carbons of glucose end up when glucose is completely oxidized? see section 9.1 ( page 191) ?
What is the empirical formula of the compound with the molecular formula c18h36?
What process requires water to gain heat energy from the environment
Answer:
1) Evaporation
Explanation: It would be evaporation because it requires water to gain 2,260 J/g.
THIS IS SCIENCE
Approximately how many elements are there that combine chemically in a great number of ways to produce compounds?
A.25
B.50
C.75
D.100
A brick has dimensions of 25 cm x 5.0 cm x 15 cm. What is the volume of the brick in cubic meters?
Explanation:
It is known that a brick has the shape of a rectangle. And formula to calculate the volume of a rectangle is as follows.
Volume of rectangle = length × height × width
Since, it is given that length is 25 cm, height is 5 cm and width is 15 cm. Therefore, calculate the volume of brick as follows.
Volume of brick = length × height × width
= 25 cm × 5 cm × 15 cm
= 1875 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex]
Hence, we can conclude that volume of the brick is 1875 [tex]cm^{3}[/tex].
Staples and metal shavings are examples of which type of hazards
Staples and metal shavings are types of Staples and metal shavings are types of physical hazards.
What are physical hazards?These are the types of hazards that can be possible by some contamination such as metal shavings getting into food staples are also a form of physical hazard caused by foreign contamination also.
It is a type of hazard which cause pain and harm to the human body and animals too.
They can be caused by food too like the small metal pieces that can enter our system through the food and goes to our alimentary canal as they cannot be digested and cause major infection in the human body. Which can also affect the immune system of the body
They get entry to the food pipe goes into the small intestine and large intestine as they interfere with the metabolism of the digestive system and cause many more problems
They affect the biochemical reactions of the body like protein synthesis and all of which can lead to loss of motion and many infectious diseases
Therefore, is it a physical hazard
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Why are stains used in prepared slides such as the ones you used in this lab? Use complete sentences.
A gas is most likely to exist at which of the following conditions?
High temperatures and high pressures
High temperatures and low pressures
Low temperatures and high pressures
Low temperatures and low pressures
Answer: Option (b) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
When we heat a solid substance at high temperature then it changes into liquid state and then into gaseous state.
For example, when water is heated above 100 degree celsius then it changes into vapors.
When low pressure is provided to a gas then its molecules are able to move easily from one place to another.
Therefore, a gas is most likely to exist at high temperature and low pressure.
A ph of 10 is how many times as basic as a ph of 7
A pH of 10 is 1,000 times more basic than a pH of 7 because the pH scale is logarithmic, and for every point increase, the solution becomes 10 times more basic.
Explanation:In chemistry, pH is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. A pH of 7 is neutral, any value above 7 is considered basic or alkaline, and any value below 7 is considered acidic. The pH scale is logarithmic and as a result, every point increase means the solution is 10 times more basic. So, a pH of 10 is 1,000 times more basic than a pH of 7 (10^3, since 10-7 equals 3).
Neutral pH: A pH value of 7 is regarded as neutral. This signifies that the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution is equal, resulting in a balanced state.
Acidic Solutions: Solutions with a pH below 7 are classified as acidic. The lower the pH value, the higher the concentration of hydrogen ions. These solutions tend to have a surplus of H+ ions, making them proton-rich and acidic.
Basic or Alkaline Solutions: Solutions with a pH above 7 are considered basic or alkaline. In such solutions, the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) surpasses that of hydrogen ions. These solutions are proton-poor and exhibit alkaline characteristics.
Logarithmic Nature: The pH scale is logarithmic, which implies that each unit change on the scale represents a tenfold difference in the concentration of hydrogen ions. For instance, a solution with a pH of 10 is 10 times more basic than a solution with a pH of 9, and 100 times more basic than a solution with a pH of 8.
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Why is water considered a polar molecule?
a.the oxygen is found between the two hydrogens.
b.the oxygen atom attracts the hydrogen atoms.
c.the oxygen end of the molecule has a slight negative charge, and the hydrogen end has a slight positive charge.
d.both hydrogens are at one end of the molecule, and oxygen is at the other end?
How to predict products of acid-base reactions?
A 3.5-g sample of colorado oil shale is burned in a bomb calorimeter, which causes the temperature of the calorimeter to increase by 5.0°c. the calorimeter contains 1.00 kg of water (heat capacity of h2o = 4.184 j/g°c) and the heat capacity of the empty calorimeter is 0.10 kj/°c. how much heat is released per gram of oil shale when it is burned?
The amount of energy released when one gram of oil is burned is[tex]\boxed{{\text{6}}{\text{.12 kJ}}}[/tex].
Further explanation
Heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a pure substance by one degree. Its S.I. unit is J/K.
Molar heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of substance by one degree. Specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a pure substance by one degree.
The expression to calculate amount of heat released or absorbed as follows:
[tex]{\text{q}}={\text{mC}}\Delta{\text{T}}[/tex] …… (1)
Here, q is the amount of heat.
m is the mass of substance.
C is specific heat.
[tex]\Delta{\text{T}}[/tex]is change temperature.
Calorimeter is the device that measures the change in amount of heat absorbed or released during chemical reaction followed by change in temperature. Bomb calorimeter is the device which measure the amount of heat absorbed or released during chemical reaction at constant volume.
The formula to calculate the amount of heat change in calorimeter is as follows:
[tex]{{\text{q}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}={{\text{C}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}\times\Delta{{\text{T}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}[/tex] …… (2)
The expression to calculate amount of heat absorbed by water is as follows:
[tex]{\text{q}}=\left({{{\text{m}}_{{\text{water}}}}}\right)\left({{{\text{C}}_{{\text{water}}}}}\right)\left({\Delta{\text{T}}}\right)[/tex] …… (1)
Given, [tex]{{\text{C}}_{{\text{water}}}}[/tex] is 4.184 [tex]{\text{J/g}}\cdot^\circ{\text{C}}[/tex].
[tex]{{\text{m}}_{{\text{water}}}}[/tex]is 1 kg.
Change in temperature [tex]\left({\Delta{\text{T}}}\right)[/tex]is [tex]5\;^\circ{\text{C}}[/tex].
Substitute the value of [tex]{{\text{C}}_{{\text{water}}}}[/tex], [tex]{{\text{m}}_{{\text{water}}}}[/tex] and [tex]\Delta{\text{T}}[/tex]in equation (1).
[tex]\begin{aligned}{{\text{q}}_{{\text{water}}}}&=\left({{\text{1}}\;{\text{kg}}}\right)\left({\frac{{1000\;{\text{g}}}}{{{\text{1}}\;{\text{kg}}}}}\right)\left({\frac{{{\text{4}}{\text{.184 J}}}}{{{\text{g}}\cdot ^\circ{\text{C}}}}}\right)\left({5\;^\circ{\text{C}}}\right)\\&{\text{=20920 J}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
The amount of heat absorbed by water is 20920 J.
The value of [tex]{{\text{C}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}[/tex]is[tex]0.10\;{\text{kJ/}}^\circ{\text{C}}[/tex].
The value of [tex]\Delta{{\text{T}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}[/tex]is [tex]{5^\circ}{\text{C}}[/tex].
Substitute these values in equation (2).
[tex]\begin{aligned}{{\text{q}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}&=\left({\frac{{0.10\;{\text{kJ}}}}{{^\circ{\text{C}}}}}\right)\times 5\;^\circ{\text{C}}\\&={\text{0}}{\text{.50 kJ}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
Amount of heat absorbed by calorimeter is[tex]{\mathbf{0}}{\mathbf{.50 kJ}}[/tex].
The formula to calculate the total amount of heat released to burn 3.5 g of sample is as follows:
[tex]- {{\text{q}}_{{\text{rxn}}}}={{\text{q}}_{{\text{water}}}}+{{\text{q}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}[/tex] …… (3)
Substitute 20920 J for [tex]{{\text{q}}_{{\text{water}}}}[/tex] and 0.50 J for [tex]{{\text{q}}_{{\text{calorimeter}}}}[/tex] in equation (3)
[tex]\begin{aligned}-{{\text{q}}_{{\text{rxn}}}}&=20920{\text{ J}}+{\text{0}}{\text{.50 kJ}}\left({\frac{{1000\;{\text{J}}}}{{{\text{1}}\;{\text{kJ}}}}}\right)\\&={\text{21420 J}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
The total amount of energy released to burn 3.5 g of oil is 21420 J.
The amount of energy released to burn 1 g of oil is calculated as follows:
[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Energy released per gram}}&=\frac{{21420{\text{ J}}}}{{3.5{\text{ g}}}}\\&={\text{6120 J}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
The conversion factor to convert energy from J to kJ is as follows:
[tex]1{\text{ kJ}}={\text{1000}}\;{\text{J}}[/tex]
The amount of energy released after one gram of oil gets burned is calculated as follows:
[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Energy released per gram}}\left({{\text{kJ}}}\right)&=\left({{\text{1 kJ}}}\right)\left({\frac{{{\text{6120 J}}}}{{{\text{1000J}}}}}\right)\\&={\text{6}}{\text{.12 kJ}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
Hence, [tex]{\mathbf{6}}{\mathbf{.12 kJ}}[/tex] of energy is released when one gram of oil is burned.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior school.
Subject: Chemistry.
Chapter: Thermodynamics
Keywords: Heat capacity, molar heat capacity, specific heat capacity, released, absorbed, calorimeter, bomb calorimeter, water, mass, temperature, degree, 6.12 kj, 6120 j, 0.50 and 2120 J.
The heat released per gram of oil shale is 6120 J/g.
To determine the heat released per gram of oil shale, calculate the heat absorbed by both the water and the calorimeter, then divide the total heat by the mass of the oil shale.
The heat released per gram of oil shale is 6120 J/g.To determine how much heat is released per gram of oil shale when it is burned, follow these steps:
First, calculate the heat absorbed by the water.
The heat absorbed by the water (q water) can be calculated using the formula:qwater = mass * specific heat * ΔTHere, the mass of the water is 1000 g (since 1 kg = 1000 g), the specific heat of water is 4.184 J/g°C, and ΔT is the change in temperature (5.0°C).Thus, q water = 1000 g * 4.184 J/g°C * 5.0°C = 20920 J.
Next, calculate the heat absorbed by the bomb calorimeter.
Since the calorimeter has a heat capacity of 0.10 kJ/°C, convert this to J/°C (1 kJ = 1000 J): 0.10 kJ/°C = 100 J/°C.Then, calculate the heat (q calorimeter) absorbed by the calorimeter:
q calorimeter = heat capacity * ΔT = 100 J/°C * 5.0°C = 500 J.Add the heat absorbed by the water and the calorimeter to get the total heat released by the combustion of the oil shale:
q total = q water + q calorimeterq total = 20920 J + 500 J = 21420 J.Finally, determine the heat released per gram of oil shale by dividing the total heat by the mass of the oil shale:
Heat released per gram = q total / mass21420 J / 3.5 g = 6120 J/g.Therefore, the heat released per gram of oil shale is 6120 J/g.
Correct question is: A 3.5-g sample of colorado oil shale is burned in a bomb calorimeter, which causes the temperature of the calorimeter to increase by 5.0°c. the calorimeter contains 1.00 kg of water (heat capacity of H₂O = 4.184 j/g°c) and the heat capacity of the empty calorimeter is 0.10 kj/°c. how much heat is released per gram of oil shale when it is burned?
Which characteristic of life Is demonstrated when single -celled organisms split in half, resulting in twice as many organisms as before?
a. Acquiring energy
b.reproducing
c.maintaning structure
d. Hardiness
It will be B.reproducing because it is reproducing a new cell.
When rocks undergo metamorphic changes, chemical reactions cause minerals to recrystallize or change form. which agent provides the energy for these reactions?
. Using the following equation: F = ma Solve for m (1 point)
Assume that you had a mixture of solid na2co3 and nacl. could you use only h2so4 to determine whether na2co3 was present. explain.
The presence of sodium carbonate can be identified by adding some sulphuric acid. The carbonates will produce carbon dioxide and it can be identified by the brisk effervescence.
What is sodium carbonate?Sodium carbonate is an inorganic compound formed from the sodium metal and carbonate ions. It is basic in nature due to the presence of electron rich carbonate anion.
Sodium carbonate will reacts with acids and neutralise them to form salts. It is a weak acid and thus ionization and conductivity of its electrolyte are weak.
Sodium carbonate react with sulphuric acid gives carbon dioxide, water and sodium sulphate. The carbon dioxide formed there will evolves as gas and produce brisk effervescence.
Therefore, by the brisk effervescence formed in the reaction we can identify the presence of sodium carbonate in the mixture.
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PLEASE HELP: 3.01x10^23 molecules of SO3 is how many moles? Please tell me how you got it thank you!
What is the term for a liquid composed of polar molecules?
Write electron configurations for the elements that are identified by these atomic numbers
a. 15
b.12
c.9
d.18
Final answer:
The electron configurations for the elements with atomic numbers 15, 12, 9, and 18 are 1s²2s²2p¶3s²3p³ for Phosphorus, 1s²2s²2p¶3s² for Magnesium, 1s²2s²2pµ for Fluorine, and 1s²2s²2p¶3s²3p¶ for Argon, respectively.
Explanation:
The electron configuration of an element details the distribution of electrons in the atom's shells and subshells based on the principles of quantum mechanics. We'll list the electron configurations for various elements based on their atomic numbers.
Element with Atomic Number 15 (Phosphorus): 1s²2s²2p¶3s²3p³Element with Atomic Number 12 (Magnesium): 1s²2s²2p¶3s²Element with Atomic Number 9 (Fluorine): 1s²2s²2pµElement with Atomic Number 18 (Argon): 1s²2s²2p¶3s²3p¶These configurations were determined using the principles of the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and the Pauli exclusion principle.
What is an alpha particle?
A particle consisting of a positively charged electron
A particle consisting of one proton and two neutrons
A particle consisting of two protons and two electrons
A particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons
"The correct answer is d. An alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons.
An alpha particle is a type of ionizing radiation that is emitted from the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay. It is composed of two protons and two neutrons, which means it has a charge of +2 due to the two protons. This configuration is equivalent to the nucleus of a helium-4 atom, making an alpha particle essentially a helium nucleus.
To clarify the other options:
a. A particle consisting of a positively charged electron does not exist as described. Electrons are negatively charged, and a positron is the antiparticle of an electron, which has a positive charge. However, an alpha particle does not contain electrons.
b. A particle consisting of one proton and two neutrons is not an alpha particle. This combination would not have a charge of +2, as the alpha particle does.
c. A particle consisting of two protons and two electrons would not be stable. The two electrons would neutralize the charge of the two protons, and this combination does not represent an alpha particle.
Therefore, the only correct option is d, which states that an alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons."
How many oxygen atoms are in a formula unit of calcium carbonate?
Which two minerals are softer than a human finger nail
1)calcite and halite
2)sulfer and fluoriye
3)graphite and talc
4)pyrite and magnetlite
The graphite and talc minerals are softer than a human fingernail. Therefore, option (3) is correct.
What is the hardness of minerals?The hardness of a mineral measures its relative resistance to scratching, by scratching the mineral against another substance whose hardness is known on the Mohs Hardness Scale.
The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is characterizing the scratch resistance of several minerals by measuring the ability of harder material to scratch softer material.
This method is useful for the identification of minerals in the field because we can test minerals against some common objects such as fingernails, pence, nails, etc. The scale is named behind the name of its creator the German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs.
The hardness of the fingernail is 2.5 while the hardness of the talc is 1 and the hardness of the graphite lies between 1 to 2. Therefore, graphite and talc are minerals that are softer than a human fingernail.
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Rank from most to least number of valence electrons. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
Arrange the elements in decreasing order of the number of valence electrons.
kr
ca
ba
br
li
f
as
sb
o
al
cl
si
na
ar
sr
The decreasing order of elements of the number of valence electrons is as follows:
[tex]\boxed{{\text{Kr}}={\text{Ar}}>{\text{Br}}={\text{Cl}}={\text{F}}>{\text{O}}>{\text{As}}={\text{Sb}}>{\text{Si}}>{\text{Al}}>{\text{Ca}}={\text{Ba}}={\text{Sr}}>{\text{Li}}>{\text{Na}}}[/tex]
Further explanation:
The electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom in the atomic orbitals. There are two states for an electron: ground as well as the excited state. The configuration of the atom in the lowest possible energy levels is called the ground-state electronic configuration. When an electron jumps from the stable ground state to some higher level, that state is called the excited state and the electronic configuration corresponding to this state is known as the excited-state half-filled configuration.
The filling of electrons in different energy levels or orbitals is done in accordance with the following three rules.
1. Aufbau principle: The principle states that the electrons are filled in various orbitals in the increasing order of their energies as follows:
[tex]1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s<5f<6d<7p[/tex]
2. Hund’s rule: Electron pairing will not start until each orbital is singly occupied.
3. Pauli’s exclusion principle: According to this principle, all the four quantum numbers [tex]\left({n,\;l,\;{m_l},\;{m_s}}\right)[/tex] for any two electrons can never be the same. In an orbital, the spin of two electrons has to be different. If one electron has the clockwise spin, the other would have the anticlockwise spin and vice-versa.
The atomic number of Kr is 36. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ar}}}\right]\;3{d^{10}}4{s^2}4{p^6}[/tex]. So it has 8 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Ca is 20. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ar}}}\right]4{s^2}[/tex]. So it has 2 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Ba is 56. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Xe}}}\right]6{s^2}[/tex]. So it has 2 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Br is 35. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ar}}}\right]\;3{d^{10}}4{s^2}4{p^5}[/tex]. So it has 7 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Li is 3. Its electronic configuration is [tex]1{s^2}2{s^1}[/tex]. So it has 1 valence electron.
The atomic number of F is 9. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{He}}}\right]\;2{s^2}2{p^5}[/tex]. So it has 7 valence electrons.
The atomic number of As is 33. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ar}}}\right]\;3{d^{10}}4{s^2}4{p^3}[/tex]. So it has 5 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Sb is 51. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Kr}}}\right]\;4{d^{10}}5{s^2}5{p^3}[/tex]. So it has 5 valence electrons.
The atomic number of O is 8. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{He}}}\right]\;2{s^2}2{p^4}[/tex]. So it has 6 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Al is 13. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ne}}}\right]\;3{s^2}3{p^1}[/tex]. So it has 3 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Cl is 17. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ne}}}\right]\;3{s^2}3{p^5}[/tex]. So it has 7 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Si is 14. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ne}}}\right]\;3{s^2}3{p^2}[/tex]. So it has 7 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Na is 11. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ne}}}\right]\;3{s^1}[/tex]. So it has 1 valence electron.
The atomic number of Ar is 18. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ne}}}\right]\;3{s^2}3{p^6}[/tex]. So it has 8 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Sr is 38. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Kr}}}\right]\;5{s^2}[/tex]. So it has 2 valence electrons.
So the decreasing order of elements of the number of valence electrons is as follows:
[tex]{\text{Kr}}={\text{Ar}}>{\text{Br}}={\text{Cl}}={\text{F}}>{\text{O}}>{\text{As}}={\text{Sb}}>{\text{Si}}>{\text{Al}}>{\text{Ca}}={\text{Ba}}={\text{Sr}}>{\text{Li}}>{\text{Na}}[/tex]
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Answer details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Electronic configuration of the elements
Keywords: electronic configuration, valence electrons, decreasing order, Kr, Ar, Cl, Br, F, O, As, Sb, Si, Al, Ca, Ba, Sr, Li, Na, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Aufbau, Hund’s rule, Pauli’s exclusion principle.
The elements are ranked by their number of valence electrons from most to least as follows: F, Cl, Br, O, Sb, As, Kr, Ar, Si, Al, Na, Li, Ca, Sr, Ba.
Explanation:The elements can be arranged according to their number of valence electrons (the electrons on the outermost shell of an atom) as follows. Starting with elements having the most valence electrons: F, Cl, Br, O, Sb, As, Kr, Ar, Si, Al, Na, Li, Ca, Sr, Ba.
To explain further, elements in Group 17 (F, Cl, and Br) have 7 valence electrons, Group 16 element (O) has 6, Group 15 elements (Sb, As) have 5, noble gases (Kr, Ar) have 8 (fully-filled), Group 14 element (Si) has 4, Group 13 (Al) has 3, Group 1 elements (Na, Li) have 1, and Group 2 elements (Ca, Sr, Ba) have 2 valence electrons.
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Which of these elements would have the lowest first ionization energy?
Among the elements listed, potassium (K) would have the lowest first ionization energy.
The element with the lowest first ionization energy is potassium (K). In general, elements in group 1A of the periodic table, also known as alkali metals, have the lowest first ionization energies.
This is due to their electron configuration, which features a single valence electron in the outermost shell, held relatively loosely due to the shielding effect of inner electrons and the large atomic size.
As a result, it requires less energy to remove this outer electron compared to other elements. Potassium, located in group 1A, has an atomic number of 19 and exhibits this characteristic exceptionally well.
Therefore, among the elements listed, potassium (K) would have the lowest first ionization energy.
Complete question :-
Which element has the lowest first ionization energy?
a) As
b) P
c) K
d) Bi
e) Sb
"Energy cannot be created or destroyed" is called the law of
renewability of energy
conservation of energy
conversion of energy
saving of energy
What is the pH of a 0.025 M [OH−] solution?
0.94
1.60
9.60
12.40
The pH of 0.025 M [OH-] solution would be 12.4
pHThe pH is the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
Mathematically,
pH = 14 - pOH
pH = -log [H+]
pOH = -log [OH-]
In this case, [OH-] = 0.025 M
Thus
pOH = -log [OH-]
= -log 0.025
= 1.6
pH = 14 - 1.6
= 12.4
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