What is the primary difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
Answer:
A theory is an explanation that why something occurs while the hypothesis is a prediction or guess about what will happen.
A theory is a conclusion that is given after many experiments while a hypothesis is an idea that is given before an experiment that what will happen as a result experiment.
The periodic theory explains that elements would repeat their properties repeatedly. The theory also made a hypothesis that certain elements would be discovered.
Answer:
The hypothesis refers to the proposed or suggested explanation for any observed phenomenon. It provides the starting point for scientific investigation after which experiments are designed and performed in order to pass or fail the hypothesis.
In contrast, a theory refers to a set of principles which are well supported by scientific experiments, pieces of evidence, and observations.
What is the best source of nuclear DNA when working with hair samples?
Answer: The correct answr is- Root of hair or hair follicle.
Nuclear DNA is present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. When working with the DNA samples, the best source of nuclear DNA is hair root that anchors the whole shaft of hair. Hair root possesses cells that are called as keratinocytes. These cells are ideal for the extraction of nuclear DNA.
Thus, root of hair is the right answer.
Jason is trying to explain to his friend how the body stores energy. Which analogy would best suit Jason's explanation?
Answer
The body storing energy is like a car holding gas: the car's gas tank keeps the gas until it is needed.
The body storing energy is like a group of shoppers in a store: individuals may come and go but the numbers stay about the same.
The body storing energy is like people working to earn money: when they get paid they spend it all.
The body storing energy is like a toy needing batteries: when the batteries run out, they are thrown away.
The correct analogy is the body is storing energy like a car holding gas, the car's gas tank keeps the gas until it is needed.
Provided the case, if a person is healthy, then his or her body possesses the tendency of obtaining the energy from each and anything he or she eats. That is why if one consumes more energy than required by the body, then the person gains weight as the body accumulates or stores the excess energy in the form of fat.
In 1953, who developed the model that is shown below?
The right answer is Watson and Crick.
The famous science journal "Nature" published an article of two pages, accompanied by one figure, titled "A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid". Its authors are James Dewey Watson (24) and Francis Crick (36).
They synthesized the work of their scientific colleagues and were able to explain with a remarkable art of deduction how the DNA molecule contained in the cells of all living beings was duplicated.
When pollen moves from the _____ to the _____, fertilization can occur.
Answer: When pollen moves from the Anthers to the Stigma, fertilization can occur.
Explanation:
Anthers are part of the male reproductive organ of the flower and there we can find the pollen grains, where the reproductive cells of the plant are located. Stigma is the part of the organ female reproductive system that receives the pollen grains.
Thus, pollination is the process of transporting anther pollen to the stigma of flowers, this is the first step in the reproduction of flowering plants. When the pollen grains reach the stigma and subsequently reach the ovum we have this part developed into seeds, while that the ovary will turn into fruit. The pollinating agents are those that "carries" the grain of pollen through the environment until it reaches the stigma of the flower. We can cite as examples, the anemophilous pollination, made by the wind; hydrophilic pollination, made by water and the zoophile pollination, made by animals.
Describe the experiment you would use to test the hypothesis. Be sure to include variables as well as experimental and control groups
An experiment to test a hypothesis would typically involve an experimental group and a control group. The independent variable, such as the use of technology, would be manipulated in the experimental group but not in the control group. By comparing the results of the two groups, the impact of the independent variable can be determined.
Explanation:An experiment designed to test a hypothesis would typically involve two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group would receive the experimental manipulation or treatment, while the control group would not. By comparing the results between the two groups, any differences can be attributed to the experimental manipulation.
For example, let's say the hypothesis is that using technology enhances learning. The experimental group would use technology during a learning activity, while the control group would not use technology. The dependent variable, in this case, would be the learning outcomes, while the independent variable would be the use of technology.
The experiment would involve measuring the learning outcomes of both groups and comparing the results to determine if there is a significant difference. By controlling other factors that could influence the results, such as the teaching method or the participants' prior knowledge, the experiment can provide evidence to support or refute the hypothesis.
Riparian zones are important to the natural environment because they _______.
a. contain pollution from runoff
b. reduce soil erosion
c. support diverse organisms
d. all of the above
Answer: d. all of the above
A riparian zone is the interface zone between the land and a river. The plants near the banks of the river forms the riparian vegetation. This vegetation consists of hydrophilic plants. This area contains pollution from the runoff because the vegetation restricts the flow of pollutants in the water. It reduces soil erosion as the plants are holding the soil which does not dispense in the river water. This zone supports the growth of diversity of plants and animals which are terrestrial and amphibians (which requires both land and water habitats for their survival).
(D) All of the above
Why is it surprising that the animals of the deep-sea vents can survive?
A. The sulfur-filled fluid that comes from the vents is lethal to some animals. B. The bacteria they eat make most animals sick. C. The food that animals eat usually needs light to grow. ...?
The answer is A. The sulfur-filled fluid that comes from the vents is lethal to some animals.
Deep-sea vents are hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the oceans. The mineral water that comes from them is rich in sulfide and methane and can be lethal to the most of animals. However, some bacteria are able to survive in such conditions thanks to the process of chemosynthesis. Chemosynthesis is a process in which some bacteria produce sugar, similarly to photosynthetic process. But, while in photosynthesis the energy of Sunlight is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen, in chemosynthesis, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and hydrogen sulfide are used to produce sugar, along to water and sulfur. This process is preferable when there is no light and the environment is rich in sulfide or methane, such in deep sea vents.
Which famous scientist is credited as the founder of the scientific method?
Aristotle
John Dalton
Sir Francis Bacon
Sir Isaac Newton
Answer:
Sir Francis Bacon
Explanation:
He was the first to formalize a the concept of a true scientific method. However, the work of other scientists such as Nicholas Copernicus also influenced his thinking. But Francis Bacon is mostly credited as the founder of the scientific method.
What do the two arrows in the diagram most likely represent?
A. radiation
B. photosynthesis
C. cellular respiration
D. energy conversions
The right answer is energy conversion.
In the image we observe a plant producing energy in the form of carbohydrates thanks to photosynthesis, then the caterpillar will eat it and recover its energy (which its carbohydrates). then this insect will be eaten by the frog and will recover its energy in the form of carbohydrates (and also proteins), the same thing with the snake and the bird.
Why is cytokinesis the shortest phase in cell division?
Cytokinesis is the shortest phase in cell division because it involves the division of the cytoplasm and cell membrane, a mechanically simpler and quicker process compared to DNA replication and chromosome segregation.
Explanation:Cytokinesis is the shortest phase in cell division because it involves the physical process of dividing the cell into two daughter cells, following the equally important processes of replication and segregation of genetic material during mitosis.
In cytokinesis, after the genetic material has been precisely replicated and separated into two new nuclei (during mitosis), the cytoplasm and cell membrane are divided. This process is mechanically simpler and requires less time compared to the careful and precise processes of DNA replication and chromosome segregation.
Essentially, during cytokinesis, the cell just needs to 'pinch in' the middle to form two separate cells, which is a comparatively quicker process.
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The diagram below shows a portion of the geologic time scale.
Based on the time scale, which of these inferences is most likely correct?
A) land animals created the first oxygen molecules
B) flowering plants created the first oxygen molecules
C) rock formation started after microscopic life appeared on Earth
D) the atmosphere was formed after microscopic life appeared on Earth
Answer:
D: the atmosphere was formed after microscopic life appeared on earth
Explanation:
The one-toed horse of today steadily evolved from its five-toed ancestor. Which theory of evolution can explain this example?
A: adaptive radiation
B: punctuated equilibruim
C: gradulism
Gradualism describes the rates of speciation. It means that evolutionary changes in species are slow, gradual and continuous process. In our example, The one-toed horse of today steadily evolved from its five-toed ancestor. Steadily is the key word. So, the change was slow and continuous process.
If the change were rapid, this would be an example of punctuated equilibrium.
The most important force that creates tides is the gravity of the ____________________.
Answer:
Moon
Explanation:
The moon's gravitational attraction is the basic tidal force. The moon's gravity attracts the ocean in its direction in times of high high tides. While at low high tides, the Earth is in the direction facing the moon, resulting in high tides on the other region of the planet.
Earth's rotation and the gravitational attraction of the sun and moon leads to tides on earth. As the sun is far bigger than the moon (27 million times more masssive), it possesses larger graviational attraction on Earth. The sun's huge mass, and its gravitational attraction, explains why Earth, the distinct planets and celestial bodies in the solar system orbit the star.
Nevertheless, tidal force's reliance on gravity can be confusing. In contrast to gravity, tidal forces are heavily reliant on distance than mass. Thus, the relatively small moon creates a higher tidal force on Earth more than the massive sun since its in proximity more—on average the moon is 384,399.9 kilometers (238,855 miles) from Earth, while the sun is 149.6 million kilometers (92.92 million miles) away.
Earth's oceans, distinct bodies of water, and to a a level land are in response to the moon by bulging and dipping as the moon moves around Earth. The sun also acts in a less significant way in times of formation of tides. Tides are observed on Earth as bulges in the ocean. When the ocean bulges in the moon direction, a high tide is formed. The high tide on the region of Earth in direction to the moon is termed the high high tide. The high tide developed by the bulge on the different region of Earth is termed the low high tide.
Function of the xylem
The xylem is crucial for transporting water and dissolved minerals from roots to a plant's leaves and providing mechanical support due to its lignin-reinforced structure. It consists of vessels and tracheids which form tubes for efficient water movement and are non-living at maturity.
The xylem is an essential component of a plant's vascular system, carrying out two primary functions within the plant body. The primary role of xylem is the transportation of water and dissolved minerals from the roots throughout the plant all the way to the stems and leaves. Beyond this, xylem also provides mechanical support to the plant structure due to its strong and rigid nature.
Xylem tissue is composed of different cell types including vessels, tracheids, fibres, and parenchyma cells. Vessel elements and tracheids form long tubes that are effective in transporting water, and these cells are non-living at maturity, meaning they lack protoplasm and are devoid of end walls, allowing for unobstructed flow of water.
The walls of these cells are often reinforced with lignin, a substance that makes them tough and prevents collapse under the pressure of water transport, also contributing to the overall rigidity of the plant.
In terms of structural functionality, secondary wall thickenings, such as spirals, rings, or pits, can be observed in xylem vessels, adding to their strength and efficiency in water transport. These features enable the xylem to withstand pressure changes as water moves upwards against gravity from roots to leaves.
Geologist learn about Earth’s interior by studying ______, which move through Earth.
a. seismic waves
b. asthenosphere
c. mantle
d. lithosphere
e. basalt
f. granite
g. core
h. crust
please answer fast and i will rate the brainliest
The right answer is A. sismic waves.
Seismic waves correspond to elastic waves that propagate on the surface and inside our planet following an earthquake.
They appear when a starting impulse sets particles in motion, which in turn will move the material to their contact before returning to their original place. The generated phenomenon can then spread over tens, hundreds, even thousands of kilometers. Note that these waves can be generated artificially in seismic studies.
Like all waves, they can be reflected or refracted when they pass from one medium to another (for example between the mantle and the Earth's core).
what would happen if the protein coat of a virus that infects a bacterium is labeled with radioactive sulfur and DNA of the virus is labeled with radioactive phosphorus? ...?
Which list below describes a possible path of rain through the water cycle?
a. evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff
b. evaporation, precipitation, runoff, lake storage
c. runoff, ocean storage, evaporation, condensation
d. transpiration, condensation, precipitation, runoff ...?
The correct option is (a) evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff. The correct sequence in the water cycle for rain is evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. This sequence details the transformation and movement of water in the environment from liquid to gas and back to liquid, culminating in its return to bodies of water.
The correct path through the water cycle for a drop of rain is described by evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. These stages explain the journey of water as it changes from one state to another and moves through the environment. The process begins with evaporation, where sunlight heats the surface of the water in oceans, lakes, and rivers, turning it into water vapor. This water vapor rises into the atmosphere, and as it cools down, it undergoes condensation to form clouds. When the clouds can no longer hold all the water droplets, due to their size or weight, it falls as precipitation, which includes rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Finally, the precipitation that lands on the ground flows over the surface or soaks into the ground, which is known as runoff and can eventually enter into lakes, rivers, and ultimately back into the oceans.
1. which of the following is not part of theory of evolution.
a. organisms end to produce more offspring than can survive to reproductive age.
b. organisms can acquire changes during their lifetime.***
c. organisms that do not survive to reproduce do not pass on their traits
d. organisms have variations in traits within a population
2.In Europe three lineageas of bears evolved from common ancestor. Two of those lineagears led to present day black and brown bears. the third lineagear led to cave bears that went extinct 24,000 years ago. Which of the following could explain why only one group of bears went extinct?
a. individual cave bears must not have been able to adapt to changing conditions as quickly as brown or black bears
b. one group of bears was less highly evolved then the other two groups and was destined to die out****
c. some environmental change severely threatened cave bears and survival of brown and black bears
d. random chance led to the extinction of cave bears and survival of brown bears
1=b plzz help 2=b
Can you relate the structure of the chloroplast to the phases of photosynthesis
Photosynthesis occurs in two key stages: the light-dependent reactions that take place inside the thylakoid membrane and the Calvin Cycle, or the light-independent reactions, that occur within the stroma of the chloroplast. These structures within the chloroplast facilitate the energy capture, conversion, and the eventual build-up of sugar molecules. It's through the structural details of the chloroplast that photosynthesis is made possible.
Explanation:Photosynthesis takes place in two key stages: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle, or the light-independent reactions. Both of these stages are linked to the physical structure of the chloroplast.
The chloroplast has an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and inner structures like the thylakoids and stroma. The thylakoids, which are stacked into structures called grana, are responsible for the light-dependent reactions. Energy from the sunlight is captured by chlorophyll molecules and converted into a chemically stored form. This takes place within the thylakoid membranes.
On the other hand, the fluid-filled region inside the chloroplast, called the stroma, facilitates the Calvin cycle. The energy derived from the light-dependent reactions is used in the stroma to assemble sugar molecules from carbon dioxide.
Energy transfer between these two stages is facilitated by energy-carrying molecules that move between the site of light-dependent reactions (thylakoids) and the location of the Calvin cycle (stroma).
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The structure of the chloroplast, including the double membrane, stroma, and thylakoids, is closely related to its function in photosynthesis, which occurs in two stages: light reactions and the Calvin cycle. The arrangement of thylakoids maximizes light absorption and energy transfer, enhancing the efficiency of photosynthesis.
The structure of a chloroplast is intricately tied to its function in photosynthesis, which occurs in two main stages: the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.
Chloroplasts have a double membrane with an inner space called the stroma. Within the stroma are stacks of thylakoids, which are disc-shaped membranes that house chlorophyll and other pigments. These stacks are called grana.
Light Reactions
The light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes. Here, chlorophyll absorbs sunlight and converts it into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.
The Calvin Cycle
In the stroma, the Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
Efficiency of Photosynthesis
The arrangement of thylakoids in stacks maximizes the surface area for light absorption, and their membrane structure facilitates the efficient transfer of energy through electron carriers. This optimized arrangement ensures that the light-dependent reactions produce the maximum amount of energy needed for the Calvin cycle.
Thus, the structure of the chloroplast directly enhances its function in photosynthesis, making the process highly efficient.
What type of microscopes can be used to view viruses: light microscope, electron microscope, or transmission electron microscope?
Electron microscope can be used to view viruses. So, the correct option is (B).
What is Microscope?A microscope is defined as a laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the uncovered eye where as microscopy is the science of examining small objects and structures using a microscope. Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope.
These are instruments that allow us to see objects more closely that look beyond what is visible to the uncovered eye. Without them, we would have no knowledge of the existence of cells or how plants breathe or how rocks change over time.
Electron microscopy (EM) is used in the discovery and description of viruses for viewing it clearly for the study.
Thus, Electron microscope can be used to view viruses. So, the correct option is (B).
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Which organisms are secondary consumers in this food web?
A. Rabbit and squirrel
B. Hawk and squirrel
C. Fox and hawk
D. Fox and rabbit
The sex of mammals is determined by:
a. the autosomes they receive.
b. the type of sex chromosomes received.
c. the number of recessive chromosomes received.
d. none
If a virus were to enter a cell and destroy its ribosomes,how would the cell be affected?
what is an example of a non renewable resource
Does DNA replication take place in the same direction along both strands of the DNA molecule that is being replicated? ...?
During DNA replication, the leading strand is synthesized continuously towards the replication fork, while the lagging strand is replicated in a discontinuous manner away from the replication fork direction, in segments called Okazaki fragments.
Explanation:No, DNA replication does not take place in the same direction along the two DNA strands. Both strands of the parent DNA molecule serve as templates for replication, however, they are replicated in different directions due to their anti-parallel structure. The new DNA strands that form are complementary to parent strands.
One strand, known as the leading strand, is replicated continuously in the direction of the replication fork. The DNA polymerase enzyme extends it from the 5' end to the 3' direction. This direction is maintained due to the orientation of the parent DNA strand, which is in the 3' to 5' direction.
The other strand, termed as the lagging strand, is synthesized in a discontinuous manner, away from the replication fork direction, in Okazaki fragments. These fragments are replicated individually with each requiring a primer for synthesis to begin. This happens because the parent strand to which the lagging strand is complementary, has a 5' to 3' direction, the opposite of the replication fork's direction.
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In some bees, thin stripes (S) are dominant over thick stripes (s) and black eyes (B) are dominant over gray eyes (b). Complete a dihybrid cross for parents with the genotypes: SsBB × ssBb and answer the following in complete sentences.
Describe how you would set up a Punnett square for this cross.
List the likelihood of each possible offspring genotype.
List the likelihood of each possible offspring phenotype.
Answer:
Genotypic Ration -
SsBB: ssBB: SsBb:ssBb is 4: 4:4:4
Likelihood of occurrence is
SsBB: 25 %
ssBB: 25 %
SsBb:25 %
ssBb:25 %
Phenotypic ratio -
thin striped black eye : thick striped black eye
8 : 8
1: 1
Likelihood of occurrence is
thin striped black eye : 50%
thick striped black eye : 50%
Explanation:
The genotype of two parents is SsBB and ssBb
The alleles for cross for parent with genotype SsBB are SB, SB, sB, SB
The alleles for cross for parent with genotype ssBb are sB, sb, sB, sb
The cross between the two parents is represented by a punnet square as given below -
SB SB sB sB
sB SsBB SsBB ssBB ssBB
sb SsBb SsBb ssBb ssBb
sB SsBB SsBB ssBB ssBB
sb SsBb SsBb ssBb ssBb
Genotypic ratio
SsBB: ssBB: SsBb:ssBb is 4: 4:4:4
Likelihood of occurrence is
SsBB: 25 %
ssBB: 25 %
SsBb:25 %
ssBb:25 %
As given thin stripes (S) are dominant over thick stripes (s) and black eyes (B) are dominant over gray eyes (b).
So the phenotype for genotype of offsping is as follows
SsBB: thin striped black eye
ssBB: thick striped black eye
SsBb: thin striped black eye
ssBb: thick striped black eye
Phenotypic ratio -
thin striped black eye : thick striped black eye
8 : 8
1: 1
Likelihood of occurrence is
thin striped black eye : 50%
thick striped black eye : 50%
Auxins _____.
A) promote cell elongation and cell division in stems
B) stimulates seed growth and fruit development
C) promotes cell division
D) regulates the opening and closing of stomata
Final answer:
Auxins are plant hormones that promote cell elongation and, in conjunction with cytokinins, can also stimulate cell division, primarily in stems. They play crucial roles in plant growth processes, such as phototropism, gravitropism, and leaf development. The correct answer to the question 'Auxins _____.' is (A) promote cell elongation and cell division in stems.
Explanation:
Auxins are a group of plant hormones that play critical roles in various aspects of plant growth and development. One of the key functions of auxins is to promote cell elongation and division, particularly in stems. Auxins work in conjunction with other hormones like cytokinins to regulate plant growth, where cytokinins themselves promote cell division and growth. While auxin is responsible for stimulating cell elongation, cytokinins alongside auxins can induce cell division.
Additionally, auxins are involved in processes such as phototropism—where plants bend towards light—gravitropism, differentiation of vascular tissue, and leaf development and arrangement. Auxin concentration levels, which are higher in the stem, affect cell differentiation and fate. Thus, when discussing the options given, auxins specifically promote cell elongation and cell division in stems (option A), and are also known to have roles in promoting rooting, flowering, fruit setting and ripening, and the organization of xylem and phloem.
Scientific research shows that our global climate is changing. Arctic sea ice is decreasing in both area and thickness. Which of the following best predicts an outcome of this global climate change in an arctic ecosystem?
a. Animals that rely on the sea ice for survival may become extinct as their habitat disappears.
b. Melting of sea ice will minimize the effects of global warming in the area as the ice absorbs heat.
c. Species that are intolerant to cold will migrate to the arctic ecosystem and survive.
...?
Animals that rely on the sea ice for survival may become extinct as their habitat disappears.
Final answer:
The best prediction for the outcome of global climate change in an Arctic ecosystem is that animals dependent on sea ice, like polar bears, may become extinct as their habitat disappears due to the shrinking ice. So the correct option is a.
Explanation:
The question concerns the impact of climate change on Arctic ecosystems. Scientific research indicates that the Arctic sea ice is decreasing in both area and thickness, which has several implications for the ecosystem. The correct answer to the question is:
a. Animals that rely on the sea ice for survival may become extinct as their habitat disappears.
This outcome is supported by the fact that species such as polar bears depend on sea ice to hunt their primary prey, seals. With the decrease in sea ice, polar bears find it harder to hunt, leading to starvation, a decrease in reproduction rates, and potentially, extinction. Furthermore, other species that have specialized to live in these icy environments also face risks since the habitat they are adapted to is vanishing.
The cell organelles that finish processing cell products are