Answer: Option C (receptor)
Explanation:
The membrane protein serves as a receptor which binds to the endogenous ligand (a chemical or ion messenger) on the cell membrane triggering the opening of the cell membrane for onward passage of signals or ions into the cell. This process is called signal transduction.
The summary of functions of the membrane protein is to send the signal onward, increases the effect of a single chemical messenger (ligand), and synthesize the signal into another biochemical process.
The function of the membrane proteins described is that of a receptor. They bind to specific molecules, known as ligands, in the extracellular fluid (ECF). When a ligand binds to the receptor, it triggers a response within the cell.
Explanation:The membrane proteins described in the question are functioning as receptors. Receptors are membrane proteins that bind to specific ligands (molecules) that trigger a physiological response inside the cell. The transmembrane proteins in the scenario described bind to a ligand in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and upon binding, the gate opens. This typically allows ions or other molecules to enter the cell, initiating a chemical response within the cell.
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In some organisms, such as certain fungi and algae, cells undergo the cell cycle repeatedly without subsequently undergoing cytokinesis. What would result from this?
A) a decrease in chromosome number
B) inability to duplicate DNA
C) large cells containing many nuclei
D) a rapid rate of gamete production
E) division of the organism into many cells, most lacking nuclei
Answer:
C) large cells containing many nuclei
Explanation:
Mitosis (it's a stage in the cell cycle) is seen when the cell DNA has undergo duplication, resulting in two sets of chromosomes in a cell which are separated with the formation of two identical nuclei imside the cell.
We know that normally cytokinesis is the final stage in mitosis resulting in division of the cell cytoplasm and nuclei over two separate, identical daughter cells. ***The aftermath of mitosis without cytokinesis yield a cell with more than one nucleus.***
This type of cell is termed a multinucleated cell. It may occur normally as seen in humans possessing particular multinucleated bone cells (osteoclasts) which are produced via this means. This process can also be seen at the early development of particular insects e.g. the fruit fly (Drosophila). It may be a sign of a altered cell cycle, indicating a pathological activity as observed in tumors.
______________ sources of water pollution are relatively easy to monitor and regulate while __________ sources of water pollution are difficult to monitor and cleanup.A. Domestic; industrialB. Primary; tertiary pollutantC. Nonpoint; pointD. Tertiary pollutant; primary
Answer:C. Point, nonpoint
Explanation:
Point source of water pollution originate from a single source and the source of origin can be determined. Industrial and sewage drainage systems are the examples of point source pollutants. The source of pollutant is easy to detect and monitor.
Non-point source of water pollution the source of pollution remains undetermined. The pollutants may enter in water body through multiple sources. Hence, it is difficult to track back the source of single pollutant. Thus non-point source pollution cannot be clean and monitored.
A researcher is culturing cells that require oxygen to live in an incubator where the gas levels are carefully regulated. If the researcher observes that the pO2 in the incubator is 200 mmHg, what can the researcher deduce about the pO2 of her cells?
Answer:
He can deduce that The pO2 of her cells is less than or equal to 200 mmHg.
Explanation:
Partial pressure of oxygen(pO2) measures the amount of gaseous oxygen dissolved in the blood. It purposes to measure the effectiveness of the lungs in pulling oxygen from the atmosphere to the lungs.
In the incubator where the gases levels are carefully regulated, a pO2 of 200mmHg on the incubator deduces that the pO2 of her cells is equal or less than 200mmHg.
A botanist working in the Amazon rain forest discovers a new species of orchid. Interestingly, males, but not females, of a certain wasp species keep visiting the flowers of these orchids. Why?
Answer: The newly found orchid species is Dioecious
Explanation:
Definitely, the new orchid species has female and male reproductive organs on the different plants (though of same species), thus the MALE wasps are attracted to it in order to aid POLLINATION by:
- transferring the already collected pollen grains collected from the anther of its male reproductive organs on another plant of the same species located in a different location.
Each nucleotide in DNA and RNA has an aromatic base. What is the principal force that keeps the bases in a nucleic polymer from interacting with water?
Answer:The helix structure Of DNA helps prevent it from been expose and also the sugar and phoshate group that are important components of nucleotides forms a backbone on the helix structure or the polynucleotide this back bone is hydrophobic i.e water loving hence wouldn't allow for penetration for water.
2. Hydrogen bond is formed between this bases to keep them in place.
Explanation:
What is the term for a condition whereby small amounts of urine leak from a bladder that is always full as a result of a spinal cord injury or medications?
Answer:
Overflow incontinence
Explanation:
Overflow incontinence is due to the leakage of small amounts of urine out of a bladder that is perpetually full. Diabetes and spinal cord injuries may trigger this kind of incontinence.
A spinal cord injury may disrupt interactions among the nerves in the spinal cord that regulates bladder and bowel function and the brain, which leads to incontinence.
This type of inconsistency results from Injury to the spinal cord at T10-L2 causing an overactive bladder.
Apparently, mating outside of monogamous pairings is widespread in species 2. What would be the logical prediction to make before comparing the testes size of males of the two species?
Answer:
There is no relationship between the observation and the size of testes.
Explanation:
There is no relationship between the observation and the size of testes.
What enzymes are found in the digestive system and what macromolecules do they break down? list the organs that produce the enzymes as well as the specific enzymes and the macromolecule each enzyme breaks up next to it
Enzymes in digetsive system are protases, nucleases, Amylase,Pepsin, Trypsin, Pancreatic lipase, Deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease.
Explanation:
The food that we intake can be broken into many sub units and they are in taken by the blood stream for attaining energy. This is done by the digestive system. there are many enzymes that are created by various organs of digestive system that helps to break down food that we intake. These enzymes includes, protases, nucleases, Amylase,Pepsin, Trypsin, Pancreatic lipase, Deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease. Enzymes are the proteins that are helpful in breaking down the food that we take.
Protases and nucleases are used for breaking down the proteins and nucleic acids respectively. starch and sugar are broken down by Amylase. This enzyme is produced by the organ mouth. Stomach is the organ that produces Pepsin and it helps in breaking down proteins to amino acids. Pancreas produces the enzyme Trypsin that helps in breaking down proteins. Pancreas also produces lipase that breaks fats.
Final answer:
The digestive system has enzymes that break down carbohydrates (amylase), proteins (proteases like pepsin), and lipids (lipases), produced by the salivary glands, stomach, and pancreas. The small intestine also contains disaccharidases like sucrase and lactase. These enzymes are essential for the hydrolysis of food into energy-rich small molecules.
Explanation:
Digestive Enzymes and Their Functions
The human digestive system utilizes a variety of enzymes to break down food into absorbable nutrients. These enzymes are produced by different organs and target specific macromolecules:
Amylase, produced in the salivary glands and the pancreas, breaks down carbohydrates into simpler sugars like maltose.Proteases, such as pepsin, produced in the stomach, and trypsin and chymotrypsin, produced in the pancreas, break down proteins into peptides and amino acids.Lipases, primarily from the pancreas, break down fats (lipids) into glycerol and fatty acids.Disaccharidases such as sucrase, lactase, and maltase in the small intestine further break down disaccharides into monosaccharides.Enzymes like ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease, found in the pancreas, break down nucleic acids like RNA and DNA, respectively.The hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by these enzymes release energy, which powers other cellular activities.
The shoot system of a beavertail cactus consists of broad paddle-like structures covered with clusters of spines. The spines are modified leaves, so the flat green paddles must be modified _____. (Concept 35.1)
roots
stems
leaves
buds
None of the listed responses is correct.
Answer:
stems
Explanation:
Stems are one of the vegetative parts of a flowering plant. Stems have nodes and internodes. One or more leaves are attached to the stem on nodes. In beavertail cactus, the leaves are modified into spines to prevent the loss of water. These modified leaves are present on a paddle-like structure. Since leaves are borne on nodes of the stem, the paddle-like structure of these plants represents their stem that bears the leaves.
Why do predictions by the European weather model sometimes differ from predictions made by the American weather model?
A. The two models assimilate data differently using different equations.
B. The two models use different types of data measurements. (My Answer.)
C. The two models are designed to model different types of weather.
D. The two models focus on different parts of the world.
Which of these is changed by the Milankovitch cycles?(1 point)
A the reflectivity of Earth
B the duration of seasons on Earth
C the amount of solar energy that reaches Earth
D the length of a year on Earth
B
The European weather model sometimes differ from predictions made by the American weather model because The two models use different types of data measurements
The amount of solar energy that reaches Earth is changed by the Milankovitch cycles
Explanation:
(I)
Remember that in the United States, they use different SI units as compared to Europe. For example, Europe uses degrees Celsius as a measure of temperature while the United States uses Fahrenheit. In addition, the United uses Pounds for weight measurements while Europe uses Kilograms and grams. The US uses miles while Europe uses kilometers. The United States uses yards while Europe uses meters.
The differences can cause a difference in the input and output measurement gotten from the models. However, the models are the same because the basic principles of weather across the world are the same.
(II)
Milankovitch cycles are differential changes in the earth as it revolves, around the sun, in its orbit. They explain the changes in the orbital eccentricity of the earth's orbit, the changes in the tilt of the earth (obliquity), axial and apsidal precessions. All these affect how the earth is oriented, in space, towards the sun. The orientation affect how the sun rays ‘hit’ the earth. Differences in how different places on earth receive the sunlight affect the climate of the regions. These changes occur very slowly, relative to our time, hence the changes also are hard to perceive except over decades and millennia.
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The European model differs from that of the weather model of America as they use different types of data. In the Milankovitch cycles, the duration of the seasons can be affected.
What is the American weather model ?The American weather model is also called the global weather forecast model and is given by national weather services.
The computing power to create the model needs to process 8 quadrillion colocations every second. The European model focuses on the medium range only.
The Milankovitch cycles are those that affect the changes n the earth's rotation and orbit conditions.
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A 2-year-old swallowed watch batteries. Following ingestion, kidney function was impaired, and the heart began to fail. Which of the following was the most likely cause?
A. Karyorrhexis.
B. Coagulative necrosis.
C. Ammonia accumulation.
D. Caseous necrosis.
Answer:
Coagulative necrosis
Explanation:
When cell death occurs due to ischemia or infarction then this is termed as Coagulative necrosis.During this type of necrosis, cell death occurs in a localized area due to lack of oxygen and other nutrients. When a two year old swallows watch batteries then these batteries becomes trapped in the digestive system and inside the digestive tract , the positive and negative terminals of the battery gets bridged by the mucosa leading to the production of the electrical current and increase in the pH of the mucosa.All these condition leads to coagulative necrosis due to which the kidney gets affected and heart failure occurs .Answer:
ammonia accumulation
Explanation:
Some species form social groups only with members of the same gender. For example, elephants form groups with only females and their offspring. Once the male offspring reach a certain age, they leave the group and become solitary.
Which is a benefit of this type of social group structure?
A:Females do not have to compete for a mate.
B:Male offspring can belong to more than one social group.
C:Adult males can mate with females in several different social groups.
D:Females are the only ones responsible for taking care of the offspring.
Answer:
When the females tend to form a solitary group, the adult males have an advantage of mating with females in different social groups thus enhancing on the productivity of the species.
Explanation:
When both the sexes of the species tend to make a group, the males and the females of the group have to mate with the members of that particular group and hence the males have restricted mating options which reduce the size of the herd. When the females have a separate social group, the males can mate with the members of different groups and raise the herd size in a short period of time. This helps in the increase in the population size and also helps in avoiding inbreeding depression which happens among small grouped animals.
Elephants have a complex social structure and are organized around a system of herds composed of females and their calves.
The males after a certain age leave the group because adult males can mate with females in several different social groups.
The benefits of this type of social group are:
Males and females of the group have to mate with the member of a certain group, which reduces the restricted mating options and the size of the herd. The females when making a separate social group, males can mate with the members of different herds and raise the size of herds.This type of social structure helps in increasing population size and avoids inbreeding depression.
Thus, the correct answer is Option C.
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A student is looking at a bacterial specimen using the oil immersion lens, but has forgotten to put immersion oil on the slide. The specimen will appear:__________A) smaller than it would if immersion oil was used.B) larger than it would if immersion oil was used.C) somewhat fuzzy and have poor resolution.D) the same as it would if the immersion oil was used.E) to have no color.
Forgetting to use immersion oil when observing a bacterial specimen using an oil immersion lens would likely result in a blurry image with poor resolution, as the oil aids in the transmission of light for improved image resolution.
Explanation:If a student is looking at a bacterial specimen using the oil immersion lens and forgets to use immersion oil on the slide, the specimen is likely to appear somewhat fuzzy and have poor resolution (option C). The use of immersion oil is necessary when using the oil immersion lens because it helps to increase the resolution of the image. As light passes from the slide to the lens, some of it is lost when it hits the air. This loss of light reduces the resolution of the image. However, because immersion oil has the same refractive index as the glass slide and lens, the use of the oil prevents loss of light, thus improving the resolution of the image and the overall clarity of the bacterial specimen.
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Without immersion oil on the slide, the image of a bacterial specimen viewed using an oil immersion lens appears fuzzy and lacks good resolution. This is due to light scattering, as immersion oil is meant to minimize this by matching the refractive index of the glass slide and the lens.
Explanation:If a student is looking at a bacterial specimen using the oil immersion lens and forgets to put immersion oil on the slide, the specimen will appear somewhat fuzzy and have poor resolution. The purpose of the immersion oil is to minimize the scattering of light, as it passes through the air above the slide, by matching the refractive indices of the glass slide and the oil immersion lens. This increases the resolution or ability of the microscope to distinguish two adjacent structures as separate. Thus, the absence of immersion oil leads to light scattering, degrading the resolution and clarity of the image.
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Why are individuals with an extra chromosome 21, which causes Down syndrome, more numerous than individuals with an extra chromosome 3 or chromosome 16
Answer: Extra copies of the other somatic chromosomes are usually fatal.
Explanation:
In genetics, the term aneuploidy refers to the change in chromosome number 23, which can lead to genetic diseases. An aneuploid is an individual whose number of chromosomes differs from the wild or euploid type in part of its chromosomal makeup, due to an extra or missing chromosome, which is always associated with a deficiency in physical or mental development or both. This occurs during errors in meiosis, which is the type of cell division that occurs during the formation of gametes, which are sex cells that during fertilization give rise to a zygote. Human beings are diploid, which means that we have two copies of each chromosome.
Non-disjunction indicates a failure in this process of meiosis, in which two chromosomes or chromatids go together and the other pole receives nothing. A pair of homologous chromosomes that does not separate correctly during meiosis I, gives rise to two abnormal cells as a product of meiosis I: one cell with an extra chromosome and one with a missing chromosome. In meiosis II, the chromatids in the chromosomes separate and it could also give rise to abnromal cells.
In the case of trisomy on chromosome 21, this is more common as the disease it because is not lethal. But in many other cases, trisomy on another pair of chromosomes can be lethal. Having an extra chromosome changes the way a baby develops both physically and intellectually. These changes can present the baby and subsequent adult with a number of mental and physical challenges. This is because it alters the amount of protein produced that is encoded by the DNA in those chromosomes.
Aneuploidy is almost always deleterious because of gene imbalance: the ratio between genes is different than in euploids, and this difference interferes with the normal functioning of the genome. In general, the amount of transcript produced by a gene is directly proportional to the number of copies of that gene in the cell. Thus, for a given gene, the rate of transcription is directly related to the number of DNA moulds available. Thus, the more copies there are of a gene, the greater the number of transcripts produced, and a greater amount of that protein will be obtained. This relationship between the number of copies of a gene and the amount of gene product produced is called the gene dose effect. Usually, this could be lethal but in Down syndrome it is not. So that's why there are more individuals with Down syndrome than with other trisomies, because they survive and the others don't.
Which of the following are examples of biotechnology? A. Beer and wine production checked B. Bioremediation unanswered C. Recombinant DNA technology unanswered D. Development of biofuels unanswered E. Biofilm production unanswered
Answer:
B. and C.
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that the two answers that are modern examples of Biotechnology are Bioremediation and Recombinant DNA technology. This is because Biotechnology refers to using living organisms or their products in order to solve a problem for human benefit. Which both of these manage to do just that.
Recombinant DNA technology (option C), biofuel production (option D), and bioremediation (option B) are examples of biotechnology.
Explanation:Biotechnology refers to the use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to develop or create useful products or technologies. Three examples of biotechnology include recombinant DNA technology which involves combining DNA from different sources to form a new DNA sequence. It is used to produce genetically modified organisms or create valuable proteins, such as insulin. Biofuel production involves using biological materials, such as crops or algae, to produce fuels like ethanol or biodiesel through fermentation or biochemical processes. Bioremediation uses microorganisms to break down or remove pollutants from the environment, helping in the cleanup of pollution.
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True/False: Both plant and animal-eating dinosaurs existed during the Jurassic
Period.
Answer:
true because dinosaurs that eat plants and others that eat meat was during the same period of time
The nematode Ascaris lumbricoides infects humans, spending most of its adult life inside the intestines of its host. To be infected, a person must ________________.
Answer:to be infected,a person must ingest food contaminated with it's egg
Explanation: Ascaris lumbricoides is a parasitic roundworm found in the intestine.It causes Ascariasis.
It is a round enlongated worm which move by contracting it's muscles.
They live in the intestine of their host and sucking in food which they digest.they are able to survive in a region that has low oxygen.
When they are mature,the male and female mate and discharge the eggs in the intestine of the host.these eggs are then expelled along with the host's faeces.
When another host ingest the eggs by food contaminated by it,the larva is released from the egg and continues it's life in the intestine of it's host.it develops into an adult,mates and the cycle repeats itself.
Bacteria reproduce ______ through cell fission. However, in another process, a tube of cytoplasm can temporarily connect two bacterial cells. Some DNA passes through this tube. Like ______ reproduction, this process causes genetic variation. However, it does not produce offspring.
Answer:
1. Asexually
2. Sexual
Explanation:
Asexual reproduction in bacteria occurs through the process of cell fission. For instance, binary fission includes replication of bacterial DNA followed by inward folding of the plasma membrane to divide the parent bacterial cell into two daughter cells.
Bacterial also exhibits genetic recombination. Conjugation is one method of genetic recombination in bacteria in which a conjugation tube is formed between two bacterial cells. Bacteria exchange genetic segments through the tube. It results in the production of genetic variations in the recipient bacteria like that of sexual reproduction.
However, the process of genetic recombination in bacteria does not produce progeny as the sexual reproduction does.
Three living species X, Y, and Z share a common ancestor T, as do extinct species U and V. A grouping that consists of species T, X, Y, and Z (but NOT U or V) makes up __________.
Final answer:
A grouping that consists of species T, X, Y, and Z, but not species U or V, is known as a monophyletic group or a clade, which includes an ancestor and all of its descendants as depicted on a phylogenetic tree.
Explanation:
A grouping that consists of species T, X, Y, and Z (but NOT U or V) makes up a monophyletic group, also known as a clade. This is because this group includes an ancestor (species T) and all of its descendants (species X, Y, and Z) and thus represents a single branch on the phylogenetic tree. Monophyletic groups are fundamental to understanding the evolutionary relationships between organisms, as they reflect a common evolutionary heritage and shared characteristics that are inherited from a common ancestor.
Within the context of evolution and phylogenetics, a phylogenetic tree is a diagram that shows how species are related to each other through common ancestors, displaying the inferred evolutionary relationships. The Linnaean system of classification organizes species into hierarchical groupings based on shared characteristics and phylogenetic relationships. A clade is a specific type of grouping in this system that is based on cladistics methodology, which compares traits in related species to determine ancestor-descendant relationships.
In terms of your heartbeat, digestion, and glandular functioning, your body is pretty much a well-oiled machine that works even when you are asleep. This occurs due to your:__________a. sympathetic nervous systemb. somatic nervous systemc. parasympathetic nervous systemd. autonomic nervous system
Final answer:
The body's involuntary functions such as heartbeat, digestion, and glandular activity are regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, maintaining homeostasis.
Explanation:
In terms of heartbeat, digestion, and glandular functioning, these processes persist even during sleep due to the autonomic nervous system. This system controls the internal organs and glands, largely outside voluntary control. It comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic division is responsible for preparing the body for stress-related activities ('fight or flight'), while the parasympathetic division helps the body to conserve energy and undertake routine day-to-day operations ('rest and digest'). Both divisions work together to maintain homeostasis, ensuring the body's internal environment remains stable. Option A and C is correct .
In an individual with Aa BB Cc dd Ee alleles, assuming independent assortment, how many different gametes are possibIn an individual with Aa BB Cc dd Ee alleles, assuming independent assortment, how many different gametes are possible?
Answer: Eight (8) different kinds of gametes can be produced by an individual with the genotype AaBBCcddEe.
Explanation: The total number of gamete that can formed from a given genotype is given as 2^n, where n is the number of heterozygous loci.
For genotype AaBBCcddEe, the number of heterozygous loci is 3 (Aa Cc and Ee).
Therefore, 2^n = 2³ = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8
In addition to splicing, additional modifications at the 5' and 3' end are required to generate a mature mRNA. What is the significance of these modifications?
Answer:tailing at 3' end protects mRNA from attack by 3' exonuclease and 5' capping is useful for recognition of mRNA
Explanation:
The mRNA formed and released from the DNA template is known as primary transcript. In mammalian system, it undergoes intensive modification to become the mature mRNA.
Post transcription processing includes removal of Introns, splicing of exons, poly-A tailing at 3'end and capping at 5' end.
The Poly-A tailing at 3' end occurs in the nucleoplasm, the 3' end is polyadenlated involves with 20-250 nucleotides long. This tail protects mRNA from attack by 3' exonuclease activity
5' end capping end also is done in the nucleus. The cap is useful in recognition of mRNA by the translating machinery.
The provider notes that the client's hemaglobin is 8.2g/dL. Which of the following supplements will the provider recommend to the client?
-Ferrous sulfate
-Magnesium oxide
-Potassium chloride
-Calcium carbonate
Answer:
Ferrous sulfate
Explanation:
Hemoglobin test is used to measure the levels of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is a protein found in the Red blood cells and it helps in the transportation of oxygen to the lungs. Normal ranges are from 11g/dl and above and anything below shows some deficiency.
Ferrous sulfate is used to treat iron deficiencies anemia. Iron is essential since it helps build up the hemoglobin.
Since the above patient had below normal level of hemoglobin Ferrous Sulfate is the best recommendation.
What is the name for fingerlike projections that protrude from the absorptive mucosal cells of the small intestine into the lumen of the GI tract?
Answer:
Villi
Explanation:
In the small intestine, villi are found present. These villi which appear like a finger-like tissue structure are about 0.5–1.6mm in length in human beings.They have mucosal cells that help in absorption of nutrients. A villus has several microvilli, which increases the surface area of the intestinal wall for faster absorption of nutrients.
A nurse practitioner is teaching the parent of a child with spastic quadriplegia about intrathecal baclofen [Lioresal]. Which statement by the parent indicates a need for further teaching?
Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
The options for the question are
a. “I can expect my child to be more drowsy when receiving this medication.”
b. “I should not notice any change in my child’s muscle strength.”
c. “I will contact the provider if my child is constipated or cannot urinate.”
d. “If my child has a seizure, I should stop giving the medication immediately.”
Solution -
Intrathecal baclofen is a therapy used to deal with problem of short term spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. For long term spasticity this therapy may not produce effective results. The receptor of the brain and spinal cord interacts with the baclofen in order to reduce abnormal muscle form if the therapy is administered continuously for a certain period of time. If the therapy is stopped suddenly there are high chances that the child may get seizures. However, occurrence of seizure is not certain, but it is advisable to remove the therapy gradually. A parent asking something as stated in option D sows that more information or teaching is required.
Hence, option D is correct
Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
The options for the question are
a. “I can expect my child to be more drowsy when receiving this medication.”
b. “I should not notice any change in my child’s muscle strength.”
c. “I will contact the provider if my child is constipated or cannot urinate.”
d. “If my child has a seizure, I should stop giving the medication immediately.”
Solution -
Intrathecal baclofen is a therapy used to deal with problem of short term spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. For long term spasticity this therapy may not produce effective results. The receptor of the brain and spinal cord interacts with the baclofen in order to reduce abnormal muscle form if the therapy is administered continuously for a certain period of time. If the therapy is stopped suddenly there are high chances that the child may get seizures. However, occurrence of seizure is not certain, but it is advisable to remove the therapy gradually. A parent asking something as stated in option D sows that more information or teaching is required.
Hence, option D is correct
How can organisms be so unique if the nucleotides making up dna are all the same between organisms?
Answer:
All organisms are made up of the four nucleotide bases of the DNA. Yet still all organisms are different from one another due to the sequence of the arrangement of these nucleotides. The pattern of arrangement of the nucleotides determines which organisms will be more similar and which will be more different from one another. The pattern of arrangement leads to the formation of genetic code which will differ in organisms. Hence, all organisms are made of the 4 nucleotides but differ due to the pattern of arrangement of the nucleotides.
Outline three examples of cycles of inorganic nutrients. For each, outline the uses of the nutrients in living organisms, its method of transfer into and through the food chain and how it is returned to the inorganic nutrient pool.
The three examples of cycles of inorganic nutrients are Nitrogen, carbon and sulphur cycle.
Nitrogen is required to make amino acids and DNA in organisms. Carbon is the main component of glucose through which organism make energy, about 18 per-cent of the human body comprises carbon. Sulphur is an important constituent of some proteins, amino acids and enzyme cofactors.
Explanation:
The biogeochemical cycles like the nitrogen cycle are responsible for converting nitrogen into many chemical forms as nitrates, nitrites, ammonia. This process involves degrade decomposing animal and plant matter and naturally cleaning the environment also nitrites and nitrates become biofertilizers. The plants take nitrogen through their roots and in turn primary consumer in food chain ie. organisms consume the plant and eventually releases nitrogen as a waste material, dead and decaying body to the soil and cycle goes on.
In the carbon cycle the carbon is exchanged from the atmosphere to the organisms and then again to the environment. Plants perform photosynthesis by using carbon dioxide, primary consumer eats it and gets nutrition to perform cellular respiration, in turn, gets energy which gets dissipated and stored as biomass eventually in the course consumer die and replenish the soil with carbon. The Carbon emitted will keep cycling through air, water and soil.
The sulphur cycle involves the movement of sulphur between rocks, water and living beings and plants. Plants ( producers) absorb sulphur dissolved in water and animal consume these plants to replenish their sulphur requirement. And when organism die, sulphur enter the cycle again.
There will be a transfer of these inorganic nutrients to the trophic level in food chain.
Final answer:
The question outlines three cycles of inorganic nutrients: the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and phosphorus cycle. These cycles involve the absorption of nutrients by plants, their transfer through the food chain, and their eventual return to the ecosystem through various processes.
Explanation:
Biogeochemical cycles describe the flow of essential nutrients through the environment and organisms. The three main cycles include the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and phosphorus cycle. These cycles ensure that vital nutrients are available for the various biological processes required for life.
Carbon Cycle
Plants absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and incorporate it into organic molecules. Animals acquire carbon when they consume plants or other organisms. Decomposers release carbon back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide through the process of decomposition.
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen is essential for building amino acids and nucleic acids. Nitrogen fixation by bacteria converts atmospheric nitrogen into forms that plants can absorb from the soil. Through consumption and decomposition, nitrogen moves through the food chain and is eventually returned to the soil and atmosphere.
Phosphorus Cycle
Phosphorus is a crucial component of DNA and ATP. It is typically found in soil and rocks and is absorbed by plants' roots. As organisms consume plants and excrete waste, phosphorus returns to the soil or sediments, completing the cycle.
These nutrient cycles are interconnected and vital for maintaining ecosystem health.
Recombinant DNA technology requires not only getting the DNA into the cell, but also getting it to replicate appropriately. In this process, the specificity of which enzyme can present a challenge?
Answer:
Endonuclease
Explanation:
Many Endonucleases have been identified and isolated. However, each Endonuclease or restriction enzyme is very specific to a particular short DNA sequence called restriction site.
Ecology is the study of a) plants and animals b) organisms and their environment c) relationship between organisms and their environment d) relationship between plants and animals
Answer: The correct answer is: relationship between organisms and their environment
Explanation:
Ecology can simply be defined as a field of study which deals with the RELATIONSHIP of living organisms with one another and with the environment they live.
In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a six-carbon molecule, which is then split to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. After phosphorylation and reduction produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), what more needs to happen to complete the Calvin cycle?
Answer:
The 3GP is reduced to 2 molecules of 3 carbon compounds called TRIOSE PHOSPAHATE (TP) This reaction involves the supply of ATP and Co enzymes NADPH.
Most of the compound TP, is converted to regenerate ribulose biphospate,(RuBP) a compound for fixing C02,The reaction involved ATP. The remaining amount of TP condense to Hexose Phosphate used to produce glucose, cellulose, fatty acids amino acids .
Since there is continuous supply of RuBP;with enzyme RUBISCO and oxygen the Calvin Cycle continues.
Explanation: