What is the mass % of ammonium chloride in a 1.73 M ammonium chloride aqueous solution at 20 °C?

Complete Question:

A small sphere of initial volume V is filled with n moles of helium at initial pressure and temperature and T. Which of the following statements is true?

a) The volume decreases to V/2, and the pressure increases to 4P when the temperature is T/2

b) n/2 moles of gas are removed, the volume is decreased to V/2, and the pressure decreases to P/4 with a drop in temperature of T/2

c) n moles of gas are added, the total sample is heated to 2T, and the pressure drops to P/2 when the volume increases to 8V

d) The amount of gas is doubled to 2n, the pressure is doubled to 2P, and the volume is doubled to 2V, with a corresponding temperature drop to T/2

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Let's consider the helium as an ideal gas, so it can be studied by the ideal gas law, which states:

PV = nRT

Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant and T is the temperature. Because R is constant:

PV/nT = R. Thus the initial state must be equal to the final state.

So, let's check the statements:

a) Let's indicate the final state as P₂, V₂, n₂ and T₂. So, if T₂ = T/2:

PV/nT = P₂V₂/n₂T₂

PV/nT = P₂V₂/n₂(T/2)

PV/nT = 2P₂V₂/n₂T

So, if V₂ = V/2 and P₂ = 4P:

PV/nT = 2*(V/2 * 4P)/n2T

PV/nT = 4VP/n2T

Which is not correct!

b) Now, if T₂ = T/2:

PV/nT = 2P₂V₂/n₂T

If n/2 is removes, n₂ = n/2. And, V₂ = V/2 and P₂ = P/4:

PV/nT = 2*(V/2 * P/4)/(n/2)*T

PV/nT = 4*(V/2 *P/4)/nT

PV/nT = PV/2nT

Which is not corret!

c) Now, if V₂ = 8V:

PV/nT = P₂*8V/n₂T₂

And n₂ = n +n = 2n, T₂ = 2T and P₂ = P/2:

PV/nT = (P/2)*8V/2n*2T

PV/nT = 8*(PV)/2*2n*2T

PV/nT = 8*(PV)/8*(nT)

PV/nT = PV/nT

So, it's correct!

d) Now, T₂ = T/2, n₂ = 2n, P₂ = 2P, and V₂ = 2V:

PV/nT = 2P*2V/2n*(T/2)

PV/nT = 4PV/nT

Which is not correct!

Answer:

≅ 4.39 gm/cm^3

Explanation:

Given data:

width of block =3.2 cm

length = 17.1 cm

height = 5.0 cm

Mass = 1.2 kg

Therefore volume= width×length×height = 3.2×17.1×5= 273.6 cm^3

now, density = mass/volume

calculating density in gm/cm^3

= 1200/273.6 = 4.38596

≅ 4.39 gm/cm^3

Answer: the empirical formula is CH2O

Explanation:Please see attachment for explanation

Explanation:

It is known that entropy is the measure of degree of randomness present in a substance due to the movement of its molecules.

More randomly the atoms are moving from one place to another more will be the entropy of system.

In order to calculate the entropy, we divide the amount of heat transferred by the temperature at which heat transfer occurs.

As the given temperature is 296.95 K and heat of vaporization is 24.8 kJ/mol. Therefore, calculate the molar entropy of vaporization as follows.

Molar entropy of vaporization = [tex]\frac{24.8 kJ/mol}{296.95 K}[/tex]

                                                  = 0.08351 kJ/mol K

Thus, we can conclude that molar entropy of vaporization of [tex]CC_{3}F[/tex] is 0.08351 kJ/mol K.

CFCs, including Trichlorofluoromethane, have been banned due to their destructive effect on the ozone layer. UV light causes them to release chlorine atoms, which react with and deplete ozone. The harmful side effect of this is increased solar radiation reaching Earth.

Chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, like Trichlorofluoromethane, were previously widely used in a variety of industries, such as refrigeration and aerosols. However, the stable nature of these compounds, combined with their ability to break down and release chlorine atoms under ultraviolet light, led to significant depletion of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. This process happens because as CFCs are broken down by UV light, they produce chlorine atoms. These chlorine atoms then react with ozone molecules, leading to a net decrease in stratospheric ozone. This ozone depletion had severe implications, such as increased risks from solar radiation, which prompted the worldwide effort to phase out the use of CFCs under the Montreal Protocol.

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Answer: The amount of water required to prepare given amount of salt is 398.4 mL

Explanation:

To calculate the volume of solution, we use the equation used to calculate the molarity of solution:

[tex]\text{Molarity of the solution}=\frac{\text{Mass of solute}\times 1000}{\text{Molar mass of solute}\times \text{Volume of solution (in mL)}}[/tex]

We are given:

Molarity of solution = 0.16 M

Given mass of manganese (II) nitrate tetrahydrate = 16 g

Molar mass of manganese (II) nitrate tetrahydrate = 251 g/mol

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]0.16M=\frac{16\times 1000}{251\times \text{Volume of solution}}\\\\\text{Volume of solution}=\frac{16\times 1000}{251\times 0.16}=398.4mL[/tex]

Volume of water = Volume of solution = 398.4 mL

Hence, the amount of water required to prepare given amount of salt is 398.4 mL

To balance the equation Ca(OH)2(aq) + H3PO4(aq) → Ca3(PO4)2(s) + H2O(ℓ), you need to place a coefficient of 3 in front of Ca(OH)2, 6 in front of H3PO4, and 3 in front of H2O.

To balance the equation Ca(OH)2(aq) + H3PO4(aq) → Ca3(PO4)2(s) + H2O(ℓ), we can start by balancing the calcium (Ca) atoms. There are three calcium atoms on the right side (Ca3(PO4)2) and only one on the left side (Ca(OH)2). To balance the calcium atoms, we need to place a coefficient of 3 in front of Ca(OH)2.

Next, we can balance the hydrogen (H) atoms. There are 6 hydrogen atoms on the left side (2 from Ca(OH)2 and 4 from H3PO4), so we need to place a coefficient of 6 in front of H3PO4.

Finally, we can balance the oxygen (O) atoms. There are 4 oxygen atoms on the left side (from Ca(OH)2) and 6 oxygen atoms on the right side (3 from Ca3(PO4)2 and 3 from H2O). To balance the oxygen atoms, we need to place a coefficient of 3 in front of H2O.

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Answer:

85 cents/L is equal to 3.2176$/gallon.

gas wiuld be heaper to buy from the station A.

Explanation:

As 85 cents/L is more than $2.5/gallon therefore buying gas from station A would be cheaper than the other one.

Answer: c. 0.200 m HOCH2CH2OH

Explanation:

The collective properties of solvents expressed that the freezing point of water is lowered when solute particles are dissolved in it.

When more particles are dissolved, the more the freezing point is deepened and lowered.

Here, all the molarities are equal, the deciding factor in measuring the lowering will be which substance produces the fewest particles in solution; then we relate it to lowering of the freezing point.

Ba(NO3)2 ---> Ba2+ + 2NO3(1-)

1 mol releases 3 mol of ions.

Mg(ClO4)2 ---> Mg2+ + 2ClO4(1-)

1 mol releases 3 mol of ions.

HOCH2CH2OH is covalent and doesn't ionize.

1 mol in water is just 1 mol of molecules.

Na3PO3 ---> 3Na+ + PO3(1-)

1 mol releases 4 mol ions.

The substance that produces the fewest particles in solution is the 0.200 m HOCH2CH2OH

The solution with the highest freezing point will be the one that forms the fewest particles when dissolved. In this case, that would be the ethylene glycol solution (HOCH2CH2OH), because it does not ionize in solution and therefore has a van't Hoff factor of 1.

In order to understand which solution has the highest freezing point, think about a concept called freezing point depression. The freezing point depression is due to the number of solute particles in a given volume of solvent; more particles will result in a lower freezing point. The key to the number of particles is the van't Hoff factor (i), which shows how many particles a solute breaks up into when dissolved.

Selected solution (a) Ba(NO3)2 is a salt which breaks up into three ions in solution: Ba2+ and 2NO3-, so i=3. Solution (b) Mg(ClO4)2 also breaks up into three ions: Mg2+ and 2ClO4-, so i=3. Solution (c) HOCH2CH2OH, ethylene glycol, is a nonelectrolyte and doesn't ionize in solution, so i=1. Solution (d) Na3PO3 breaks up into four ions: 3Na+ and PO33-, so i=4.

Therefore, the solution with the highest freezing point will be the one that forms the fewest particles when dissolved, which is 0.200 m HOCH2CH2OH.

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The answer is a change in internal energy causes work to be done and heat to flow into the system.  

Explanation:

Boyle's law says, PV=RT

Answer: 13.47g of MgBr2

Explanation:

MM of MgBr2 = 24 + (2 x 80) = 24 + 160 = 184g/mol

Mass conc. Of MgBr2 = 0.183 x184 = 33.672g

33.672g of MgBr2 dissolves in 1000mL

Therefore Xg of MgBr2 will dissolve in 400mL

Xg of MgBr2 = ( 33.672 x 400)/1000

Xg of MgBr2 = 13.47g

Answer:

ra to r+a

Explanation: In an enzyme catalyzed reaction, enzyme binds with the active side(3D) of the substrate substrate. It provides an alternative path for the reaction to take place with lower activation energy. in the reaction the kinetic energy of the molecules increases so reaction takes place at a higher rate. when the reaction is completed enzyme leaves the active side.

Answer:

C₃H₄N₂ is the molecular formula

Explanation:

The molecular ion peak is obtained at 68 units, which is the molecular mass of the compound. The even number of nitrogen atoms gives even mass of the molecule. In this problem, the mass is even so there is an even number of nitrogen atoms. It can be either two or four, from which it must be two nitrogen, as four nitrogen atoms will give higher mass. Now, we know that 28 out of 68 units belongs to nitrogen

The number of carbon atoms can also be determined in the same manner. Only one or two carbon atoms will leave much of the remaining units (28 or 16 units respectively) to hydrogen atoms. This leaves the option of three carbon atoms as any number higher than it will give molecular mass more than 68 units.

For hydrogen atoms, only 4 units are remaining this means four hydrogen atoms are present in the molecule. This is possible, if we consider that the compound is cyclic and contains two double bonds.

PS: If we consider two carbon atoms then there will be 16 units left which means sixteen hydrogen atoms. The valency of two carbon and two nitrogen atoms will only allow a maximum of eight hydrogen atoms in the molecule (giving only 60 units).

Imidazole, with a molecular ion of 68, has the molecular formula C3H4N2, determined through understanding the application of the nitrogen rule in mass spectrometry.

The molecular formula for the compound imidazole, which contains carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N), and has a molecular ion of 68, is C3H4N2. According to the nitrogen rule in mass spectrometry, nitrogen contributes either +1 or -1 to the mass, depending on whether the number of nitrogens in the compound is odd or even. Imidazole has an even number of nitrogens, hence the even-mass molecular ion of 68. The makeup of the remaining 68 mass units results from the carbon and hydrogen in the molecule: 3 carbons (each with a mass of 12, for a total of 36) and 4 hydrogens (each with a mass of 1, for a total of 4), and 2 nitrogens (each with a mass of 14, for a total of 28). So, the total mass (36 + 4 + 28) equals 68, aligning with the M+ value.

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Answer: none of the above

Explanation:

It should be 2,1,1,2 to give a balanced chemical reaction

To balance the chemical equation between potassium iodide and lead (II) acetate, producing lead (II) iodide and potassium acetate, the coefficients must be 2 (for potassium iodide), 1 (for lead (II) acetate), 1 (for lead (II) iodide), and 2 (for potassium acetate).

The question is asking for the correct coefficients that balance the chemical equation between potassium iodide and lead (II) acetate to produce lead (II) iodide and potassium acetate. The balanced chemical equation is:

2KI + Pb(C2H3O2)2 → PbI2 + 2KC2H3O2

The resultant balanced equation shows that two molecules of potassium iodide react with one molecule of lead (II) acetate to yield one molecule of lead (II) iodide and two molecules of potassium acetate. Therefore, the coefficients for the balanced equation are 2, 1, 1, 2 respectively.

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Answer:

a) pH = 2.573

b) pH = 4.347

Explanation:

a) weak acid: CH3COOH

∴ Ka = 1.8 E-5 = [H3O+][CH3COO-] / [CH3COOH]

∴ C CH3COOH = 0.40 M

mass balance:

⇒ 0.40 M = [CH3COO-] + [CH3COOH].........(1)

charge balance:

⇒ [H3O+] = [CH3COO-].........(2)

(2) in (1):

⇒ [CH3COOH] = 0.40 - [H3O+]

replacing in Ka:

⇒ Ka = 1.8 E-5 = [H3O+]² / ( 0.40 - [H3O+] )

⇒ [H3O+]² = 7.2 E-6 - 1.8 E-5[H3O+]

⇒ [H3O+]² + 1.8 E-5[H3O+] - 7.2 E-6 = 0

⇒ [H3O+] = 2.6743 E-3 M

∴ pH = - Log [H3O+]

⇒ pH = 2.573

b) balanced reations:

∴ C CH3COOH = 0.40 M

∴ C CH3COONa = 0.20 M

mass balanced:

⇒ C CH3COOH + C CH3COONa = [CH3COO-] + [CH3COOH]

⇒ 0.60 = [CH3COO-] + [CH3COOH]......(1)

charge balanced:

⇒ [H3O+] + [Na+] = [CH3COO-]

∴ [Na+] = 0.20 M

⇒ [H3O+] + 0.20 M = [CH3COO-]........(2)

(2) in (1):

⇒ 0.60 M = ( [H3O+] + 0.20 ) + [CH3COOH]

⇒ [CH3COOH] = 0.40 - [H3O+]

replacing in Ka:

⇒ 1.8 E-5 = ([H3O+])([H3O+] + 0.20) / (0.40 - [H3O+])

⇒ 7.2 E-6  - 1.8 E-5[H3O+] = [H3O+]² + 0.20[H3O+]

⇒ [H3O+]² + 0.20[H3O+] - 7.2 E-6 = 0

⇒ [H3O+] = 4.499 E-5 M

⇒ pH = 4.347

The pH of the solution in (a) is 2.57 The pH of the solution in (b) is 4.4.

We have to set up the ICE table for the reaction;

           CH3CO2H + H2O ⇄ H3O^+   +   CH3CO2^-

I            0.40                            0                  0

C          -x                                  +x                 +x

E       0.40 - x                            x                   x

The pKa of  CH3CO2H  is 1.8 x 10-5

Hence,

1.8 x 10-5 = x^2/0.40 - x  

1.8 x 10-5 (0.40 - x ) = x^2

7.2  x 10-6 - 1.8 x 10-5x =  x^2

x^2 +  1.8 x 10^-5x - 7.2  x 10^-6 = 0

x = 0.00267 M

Hence;

pH = -log [0.00267 M] = 2.57

Using the Henderson Hasselbaclch equation;

pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]

pKa = - log Ka = -log[1.8 x 10^-5] = 4.7

Hence;

pH = 4.7 + log [0.20 M]/[0.40 M ]

pH = 4.4

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Answer:

The reactions are:

H₂SO₃  +  H₂ O  ⇄  HSO₃⁻  +  H₃O⁺

HSO₃⁻  +  H₂O  ⇄  SO₃⁻²  +  H₃O⁺

Explanation:

This is the sulfurous acid → H₂SO₃.

It is a weak diprotic acid and it is diprotic because it can release 2 protons to increase H₃O⁺ from water. As every weak acid, the reactions are in equilibrium, that's why it has two Ka. As it can release protons, it is an acid from Bronsted Lowry and an acid from Arrhenius.

H₂SO₃  +  H₂ O  ⇄  HSO₃⁻  +  H₃O⁺   Ka₁

 HSO₃⁻  → this is called acid sulfite

HSO₃⁻  +  H₂O  ⇄  SO₃⁻²  +  H₃O⁺     Ka₂

2H₂O  ⇄   H₃O⁺  +  OH⁻    Kw

(Don't forget to put water equation, always)

Sulfurous acid, a diprotic acid, ionizes in two stages when dissolved in water. The first stage produces the hydrogen sulfite ion, HSO3¯, while the second stage further ionizes this ion to form the sulfite ion, SO3²-. The first ionization is more prominent than the second, reflecting the moderate strength of sulfurous acid.

Sulfurous acid, being a polyprotic acid, ionizes in two stages when dissolved in water. In the first step, sulfurous acid gives up one proton (H⁺) to produce the hydrogen sulfite ion, HSO3¯:

H2SO3(aq) ⟶ H⁺(aq) + HSO3¯(aq)

In the second stage, the hydrogen sulfite ion can further ionize to give up another proton to form the sulfite ion, SO3²-:

HSO3¯(aq) ⟶ H⁺(aq) + SO3²-(aq)

It's important to note that the ionization is much more significant in the first stage than the second, due to sulfurous acid being a moderately strong acid.

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Answer: C2H4S5

Explanation:

Since the total mass is 5.000g

Mass of sulphur = 5.000-(0.6357+0.1070)

Mass of sulphur = 4.2573g

Using Empirical relation

C= 0.6357 H= 0.1070 S= 4.2573

Divide through by their molar mass to obtain the smallest ratio

C= 0.6357/12 H=0.1070/1 S=4.2573/32

C= 0.053 H= 0.1070 S= 0.133

Divide through by the smallest ratio (0.053)

C=0.053/0.053 H=0.1070/0.053 S=0.133/0.053

C=1 H=2 S=2.5

1:2:2.5 ,multiply through by 2 ,to obtain whole numbera

2:4:5

Therefore the empirical formula is C2H4S5. Thus only gives the ratio

Molecular formula is the chemical formula .

(Empirical formula) n = molecular formula

(C2H4S5)n = molar mass

[(12×2) + ( 1×4) +(32×5)]n = 188.4

188n=188.4

n= 1

Molecular formula = (C2H4S5)×1

Therefore the chemical formula of

lenthionine is C2H4S5

Answer: the gas is lighter than CO2 and it is hydrogen

Explanation:Please see attachment for explanation

The object's density is calculated by converting the mass into grams (12.4 grams) and the volume into cubic centimeters (1.893 cm3), and then dividing mass by volume. The resulting density is approximately 6.56 grams per cubic centimeter.

The density of an object is calculated by dividing its mass by its volume. We also need to convert the units to be compatible. Since your mass is in kilograms we will convert it to grams, 0.0124 kg is the same as 12.4 grams. Your volume is in cubic millimeters (mm3), and we need it in cubic centimeters (cm3). 1 cm3 is equivalent to 1,000 mm3. Therefore, 1893mm3 is equivalent to 1.893 cm3. Now we simply calculate the density: 12.4g / 1.893cm3 = approximately 6.56 grams per cubic centimeter.

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Answer:

The bond order for C2 molecule is 2.

Explanation:

Bond order can be defined as the half of the difference between the number of electrons in the bonding orbital and the number of electrons in the antibonding orbitals. It can be represented mathematically by; .

Bond order,n= [number of electrons in the bonding molecular orbitals(BMO) - the number or electrons in the anti-bonding molecular orbitals(AMO) ] / 2.

The electronic configuration of the C2 molecule is given below;

C2 = (1sσ)^2 (1s^*σ)^2 (2sσ)^2 (2s^*σ)^2 (2pπ)^4.

The ones with the (*) are known as the Anti-bonding molecular orbitals while the ones without (*) are known as the bonding molecular orbitals. Hence, we have 8 Electrons from the bonding molecular orbitals and 4 Electrons from the anti-bonding molecular orbitals.

So, from the formula given above, the bond order of C2 molecule is;

===> 8-4/2= 4/2.

===> 2.

The bond order of the C-C bond in the C₂ molecule is 1. This is calculated using molecular orbital theory by identifying bonding and antibonding electrons and applying the bond order formula.

The bond order of the C-C bond in the C₂ molecule can be calculated using molecular orbital theory. First, we identify the number of bonding and antibonding electrons in the molecule. The molecular orbital configuration for C₂ is (σ2s)² (σ*2s)² (π2p)⁴. This gives us 4 bonding electrons (from π2p) and 2 antibonding electrons (from σ*2s).

To calculate the bond order, we use the formula:

Bond order = (Number of bonding electrons - Number of antibonding electrons) / 2

Substituting the numbers, we get Bond order = (4 - 2) / 2 = 1.

Therefore, the bond order of the C-C bond in the C₂ molecule is 1.

Answer: 17.6psi

Explanation:

V1 = 10.5 L

P1 = 14.3 psi

V2 = 8.55L

P2 =?

P1V1 = P2V2

14.3 x 10.5 = P2 x 8.55

P2 = (14.3 x 10.5) / 8.55

P2 = 17.6psi

Answer:

The final pressure is 17.56 psi

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Initial volume = 10.5 L

Initial pressure = 14.3 psi

Final volume = 8.55 L

Step 2: Calculate the new pressure

P1V1 = P2V2

⇒ P1 = The initial pressure = 14.3 psi

⇒ V1 = The initial volume = 10.5L

⇒ P2 = The final pressure = TO BE DETERMINED

⇒ V2 = The final volume = 8.55 L

14.3 * 10.5 = P2*8.55

P2 = 17.56 psi

The final pressure is 17.56 psi

Answer:

                   The answer is 2,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol and the structure is attached below.

Explanation:

                     Although we are not provided with ¹H-NMR spectrum and IR spectrum but still we can elucidate the ¹³C-NMR data and finalize a plausible structure.

                      First of all we look at the molecular formula, we can conclude from the formula that the structure given is saturated in nature because the hydrogen deficiency index of this formula is zero. Hence, we can say that there is no double bond either between Carbon atoms or between carbon and oxygen atom. This can also be proved by the absence of peaks in downfield as unsaturated compounds and carbonyl compounds give value above 100 and 200 ppm respectively.

                      Secondly, we can also conclude that among the six carbon atom two pairs of them are having same electronic environment because we are having only 4 signals hence we can conclude that two pairs have same chemical shift values.

                       Also, after making every possinble isomer of given molecular formula the structure of 2,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol was found to be the most accurate structure.

Despite the absence of certain spectra, analysis of the ¹³C-NMR data suggests a saturated structure. The most fitting isomer is identified as 2,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol based on chemical shift values.

While lacking specific data from the ¹H-NMR and IR spectra, an insightful elucidation of the ¹³C-NMR data allows for a plausible structural determination.

Examining the molecular formula, the absence of a hydrogen deficiency index suggests a saturated structure, ruling out double bonds or carbonyl groups. The lack of peaks in downfield further supports this, as unsaturated and carbonyl compounds typically exhibit values above 100 and 200 ppm, respectively.

Considering the six carbon atoms, the presence of only four signals indicates two pairs with identical chemical shift values, implying equivalent electronic environments.

Upon exploring various possible isomers for the given molecular formula, the most fitting structure emerged as 2,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol. This conclusion aligns with the observed NMR data and satisfies the saturation criteria.

For more such information on: isomer

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Raoult's law accounts for the fact that the vapor pressure of a solvent will decrease as the mole fraction of the solvent is decreased. In considering the mole fraction, it is important to consider the total moles of dissolved particles. Remember: a particle can be a dissolved molecule or ion. Which aqueous solutions would have the lowest vapor pressure.

0.1 M [tex]NH_4NO_3(aq)[/tex] , 0.1 M [tex]NaF(aq)[/tex],  0.1 M [tex]LiNO_3(aq)[/tex],  0.1 M [tex]Na_3PO_4(aq)[/tex] and  0.1 M [tex]HC_2H_3O_2(aq)[/tex]

Answer: 0.1 M [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex]

Explanation:

As the relative lowering of vapor pressure is directly proportional to the amount of dissolved solute.

The formula for relative lowering of vapor pressure will be,

[tex]\frac{p^o-p_s}{p^o}=i\times x_2[/tex]

where,

[tex]\frac{p^o-p_s}{p^o}[/tex]= relative lowering in vapor pressure

i = Van'T Hoff factor  

[tex]x_2[/tex] = mole fraction of solute  

1. For 0.1 M [tex]NH_4NO_3[/tex]

[tex]NH_4NO_3\rightarrow NH_4^{+}+NO_3^{-}[/tex]  

, i= 2 as it is a electrolyte and dissociate to give 2 ions. and concentration of ions will be [tex]1\times 0.1+1\times 0.1=0.2[/tex]

2. For 0.1 M [tex]NaF[/tex]

[tex]NaF\rightarrow Na^{+}+F^{-}[/tex]  

, i= 2 as it is a electrolyte and dissociate to give 2 ions, concentration of ions will be [tex]1\times 0.1+1\times 0.1=0.2[/tex]

3. For 0.1 M [tex]LiNO_3[/tex]

[tex]LiNO_3\rightarrow Li^{+}+NO_3^{-}[/tex]  

, i= 2 as it is a electrolyte and dissociate to give 2 ions. and concentration of ions will be [tex]1\times 0.1+1\times 0.1=0.2[/tex]

4. For 0.1 M [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex]

[tex]Na_3PO_4\rightarrow 3Na^{+}+PO_4^{3-}[/tex]  

, i= 4 as it is a electrolyte and dissociate to give 4 ions. and concentration of ions will be [tex]3\times 0.1+1\times 0.1=0.4[/tex]

5. For 0.1 M [tex]HC_2H_3O_2(aq)[/tex]

[tex]HC_2H_3O_2(aq)\rightarrow CH_3COO^{-}+H^{+}[/tex] [/tex]

, i= 2 as it is a electrolyte and dissociate to give two ions, concentration of ions will be [tex]2\times 0.1=0.2[/tex]

Thus as concentration of solute is highest for 0.1 M [tex]Na_3PO_4[/tex] , the vapor pressure will be lowest.

Answer:

It will take 77.8 seconds for 95% of sample to react

Explanation:

As the given reaction obeys 1st order therefore-

                        [tex][N_{2}O_{5}]=[N_{2}O_{5}]_{0}\times (\frac{1}{2})^{\frac{t}{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}}[/tex]

Where [tex][N_{2}O_{5}][/tex] is the concentration of [tex]N_{2}O_{5}[/tex] after "t" time, [tex][N_{2}O_{5}]_{0}[/tex] is the initial concentration of [tex]N_{2}O_{5}[/tex] and [tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}}[/tex] is half life

Here, [tex]\frac{[N_{2}O_{5}]}{[N_{2}O_{5}]_{0}}=\frac{100-95}{100}=0.05[/tex] and [tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}}=18.0 seconds[/tex]

So, [tex]0.05=(\frac{1}{2})^{\frac{t}{18.0seconds}}[/tex]

or, [tex]t=77.8 seconds[/tex]

So, it will take 77.8 seconds for 95% of sample to react

Answer:

option b is correct

Explanation:

Taking the Van't Hoff equation

d ln Keq / dT = ΔH/(RT²)

then

Keq increases with increasing temperature (d ln Keq / dT>0) when ΔH>0 and decreases with increasing temperature (d ln Keq / dT<0) when ΔH<0

if Keq decreases (reactions shift toward reactants) from 7.9×10³ to 0.77 when temperature increases from 298 K to 713 K (d ln Keq / dT<0) → ΔH<0 ( exothermic reaction)

therefore option b is correct

The enthalpy of the reaction is predicted to be negative, indicating it is an exothermic reaction, because the equilibrium constant decreases with an increase in temperature, a characteristic of exothermic reactions. Therefore, the correct answer is b.

The question asks if the enthalpy of the reaction is positive or negative based on changes in the equilibrium constant at different temperatures. The equilibrium constant decreases from 7.9×10³ at 298 K to 0.77 at 713 K. According to the principle that for an endothermic reaction (ΔH° > 0), the magnitude of K increases with increasing temperature, and conversely, for an exothermic reaction (ΔH° < 0), the magnitude of K decreases with increasing temperature, we can deduce the nature of the reaction. As the equilibrium constant decreases with an increase in temperature, the reaction must be exothermic. Therefore, the correct answer is b. Negative, because exothermic reactions shift toward reactants at higher temperatures.

Final answer:

In the formation of Fe3O4, three atoms of iron (Fe) combine with four molecules of oxygen (O2), involving a total of three iron atoms and eight oxygen atoms to maintain the stoichiometric ratio as per the compound's chemical formula.

Explanation:

The question relates to a chemical reaction where three atoms of iron (Fe) combine with four molecules of oxygen (O2) to form the compound Fe3O4. This compound, known as magnetite, is an example of an iron oxide where the ratio of iron to oxygen atoms is maintained as per the stoichiometry of the compound's chemical formula. In this case, three atoms of iron will combine with oxygen to utilize four oxygen molecules (which equates to eight oxygen atoms), resulting in the formula Fe3O4. This shows the direct application of stoichiometry in understanding chemical formulas and the ratios in which elements combine to form compounds.

Explanation:

Net ionic between HCl and the buffer equation

CH3COOH --> acetic acid, CH3COO- acetate , H+ proton from HCl

there is neutralization of the acetate, and an increase in acid

the ionic equation

CH3COO-(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) --> CH3COOH(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Net ionic:

CH3COO-(aq) + H+(aq) --> CH3COOH(aq).

Final answer:

H+ ions from added HCl react with the acetate ions in a buffer to form acetic acid, preventing a significant pH change.

Explanation:

When a strong acid like HCl is added to a buffer made of acetic acid (HC₂H₃O₂) and sodium acetate (CH₃COONa), the hydrogen ions (H+) from HCl will react with the acetate ions (C₂H₃O₂-) from sodium acetate in the buffer. The net ionic reaction for this process is:

H*(aq) + C₂H₃O₂-(aq) → HC₂H₃O₂(aq)

The reaction shows that H+ ions are intercepted by the buffer's acetate anions to form acetic acid (HC₂H₃O₂), preventing a significant change in pH and maintaining the buffer's purpose.

if there is no carbon dioxide your test tube will be blue

if there is a medium amount of carbon dioxide your test tube is green

if there are high amounts of CO2 it will be

yellow

In the context of bromothymol blue as an indicator, if no CO2 is present, the solution will be blue. If a medium amount of CO2 is present, the solution turns green. A large amount of CO2 would turn the solution yellow due to the acidic conditions created by carbonic acid.

The colors in the test tube depend on the identification or indicator test you are performing. However, if we were referring to the bicarbonate buffer system and the formation of carbonic acid, we could consider the pH indicators' reaction to acidity caused by carbon dioxide concentration. One common pH indicator is bromothymol blue. ~ This works as follows:

It's important to remember, this answer assumes the use of bromothymol blue, a common pH indicator. Different indicators may produce different color changes.

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In a tetrahedral molecular geometry, a central atom is located at the center with four substituents that are located at the corners of a tetrahedron.

The number of bonds in the structure is as follows:-

The angle between the elements is 109.5.

The geometry is how the bonds and the lone pairs of electrons are distributed around the atom, and the angles formed by them occur to minimize the repulsive forces of the bonds and the lone pairs.  

For example, the molecule of CO₂ is linear, because the central atom C has no lone pairs (the valence shell of it has 4 electrons, so it shares all of them to be stable), and does only two bonds. But the molecule of H₂O is angular, because the central atom O has two lone pairs (its valence shell has 6 electrons, so it only shares 2 electrons to be stable), and the repulsive forces are minimized with an angle of 104.45°.

To the geometry be tetrahedral, the atom must have 4 bonds and no lone pairs, and it only happens at the two C in the molecule given.

H only does one bond, and O does 2 bonds and has 2 lone pairs.

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In the molecule CH3OCH3, the carbon (C) atoms will display a tetrahedral electron-pair geometry due to the sp³ hybridization commonly found in organic compounds.

In the molecule CH3OCH3, the atoms that will display tetrahedral electron-pair geometry are the carbon (C) atoms. This is because carbon atoms, particularly when involved in organic compounds like this one, often form bonds using sp³ hybridization, which results in a tetrahedral shape. The tetrahedral geometry of carbon occurs when it forms four bonds, often with hydrogen and other carbon atoms.

This conformation is one of the most common in organic chemistry and is noteworthy for the fact that all the bonds are 109.5° apart - the ideal bond angle in a true tetrahedral geometry.

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Answer:

88.8 minutes

Explanation:

Graham's law of diffusion relates rate of difusion by the following formula

Rate1 / rate 2 = √( Mass of argon / Mass of Neon)

Where rate = volume divided by time

Rate 1 = 10 ml / t1

Rate 2 = 10 ml / t2

Rate 1/ rate 2 = 10 ml / t1 ÷ 10 ml/ t2 = t2/ t1

t2/t1 = √(Mass of argon / mass of Neon) = √( 39.984/20.179)

125 / t1 = 1.4026

t1 = 125 / 1.4026 = 88.8 minutes

It will take approximately 95.3 seconds for 10.0 mL of Ne gas to effuse through the porous barrier.

To calculate the time it will take for 10.0 mL of Ne gas to effuse through a porous barrier, we can use the effusion rate ratio. In Example 9.21, it is stated that it takes 243 seconds for 4.46 × 10-5 mol Xe to effuse through a tiny hole. Using the effusion rate ratio, we can calculate that it will take 95.3 seconds for 4.46 × 10-5 mol Ne to effuse. Since Ne is lighter than Xe, its effusion rate will be larger, resulting in a smaller effusion time.

Answer:

Ketone, alcohol and unsaturation

Explanation:

The functional groups are the groups that identify the organic function of the molecule. For example, the hydroxyl (-OH) represents alcohol, the carbonyl (represented in the figure below) can represent a ketone or an aldehyde, and so each function has its representation.

The cortisone molecule is represented below, and each group is marked in blue. They are:

a, c, and d = carbonyl of ketone;

b =  unsaturation (double bond) of alkene;

e, and f = hydroxyl of alcohol.