Nitrification is the process that converts ammonia to nitrite and then to nitrate and is another important step in the global nitrogen cycle.
The conversion of nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia and nitrates, usable by plants, is performed by bacteria through a process known as nitrogen fixation. The ammonia is then converted into nitrates in a process called nitrification. This allows plants to absorb nitrates from the soil to make proteins and other compounds.
Explanation:The process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia and nitrates is called nitrogen fixation.
These are specialized bacteria often found on the root nodules of leguminous plants or in the soil. The nitrogen gas (N₂) is converted to ammonia (NH₃) through a process involving several steps guided by enzymes.
This ammonia can then be converted into other forms like nitrate (NO₃⁻) by other bacteria in the soil, in a process known as nitrification. Plants can absorb these nitrates from the soil and use them to make proteins and other necessary compounds.
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Give one example of two other body systems that work together and explain how they support eachother
Answer:
The Muscular and Skeletal systems work together to help the body move and keep a shape.
Answer:
The Circulatory System and the Nervous system
Explanation:
I realize this question has already been answered, but if anyone wants more than one, I'm here to help!
The nervous system keeps the heart beating, as well as regulating other things, like letting the body know when the circulatory system is damaged. In return, the brain is kept alive with a lot of blood being pumped up there by the heart, despite gravity pushing it down.
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Types of genotypes of the gametes in an individual heterozygous for the FXN gene
Answer:
The types of gamete in a heterozygous individual for the FXN gene will be two. A dominant gamete, which contains the "A" allele and a recessive gamete, which contains the "a" allele.
Explanation:
When an individual is heterozygous for a given gene, it means that that individual has different gametes (related to that gene), with that, that individual will generate two types of gamete; a dominant gamete with the "A" allele and a recessive gamete with the "a" allele.
If the individual is homozygous dominant, he will only generate one type of gamete, which is the gamete with the "A" allele. however, if the individual is homozygous recessive, he will only generate one type of gamete, which is the gamete with the "a" allele.
Final answer:
In individuals heterozygous for a specific gene, such as the FXN gene, two types of gametes would be produced with different genotypes, carrying either the dominant or recessive allele of the gene. This principle is similar for both sex-linked and autosomal genes, crucial for understanding inheritance patterns.
Explanation:
The question involves understanding the types of genotypes produced by gametes in an individual heterozygous for a specific gene, taking the FXN gene as an example. The FXN gene is not explicitly dealt with in provided materials, but by analogy to information about X-linked genes and gamete formation, we can deduce necessary information. In the context of X-linked genetic crosses, such as those involving the Drosophila eye color, gametes from an individual heterozygous for a specific gene (like the FXN gene, if it were X-linked) would produce two types of gametes in terms of genotype.
In the case of a female heterozygous for an X-linked gene, the two types of gametes would contain either the dominant or recessive allele of the gene in question. If the gene were similar to the F8 or eye color genes in Drosophila (where 'X' represents the chromosome and the superscripts represent different alleles), the genotypes of the gametes would be XA and Xa where 'A' stands for the dominant allele and 'a' for the recessive allele, assuming full dominance in the heterozygous condition. For a male heterozygous for an X-linked gene, since males possess one X and one Y chromosome and no homologous pair for the X chromosome, they would be considered hemizygous, thus producing gametes either carrying the X chromosome with the gene or a Y chromosome without it, denoted as XAY and XY, respectively.
This concept can be extrapolated to any gene, including autosomal genes where individuals produce two types of gametes, carrying either allele of the heterozygous pair. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for comprehending how genetic variations are passed through generations, affecting phenotypic ratios in offspring.
How can you tell if your heart is breaking?
Answer:
When you feel your heart cave in and it sorta physically hurts...
Insulin helps maintain glucose levels in the blood. If blood glucose levels got very high, what would you expect to see happen to insulin levels?
Insulin and glucagon are hormones that help regulate the levels of blood glucose, or sugar, in your body. Glucose, which comes from the food you eat, moves through your bloodstream to help fuel your body.
Insulin and glucagon work together to balance your blood sugar levels, keeping them in the narrow range that your body requires. These hormones are like the yin and yang of blood glucose maintenance. Read on to learn more about how they function and what can happen when they don’t work well.
Which describes the mating of organisms that have different homozygous alleles for a single trait?
Explanation:
monohybrid crossdihybrid crosshomozygous crossheterozygous cross The term which describes the mating of organisms that have different homozogous alleles for a single trait is monohybrid cross . The 'mono' refers to the singular trait while 'hybrid' refers to the crossing of two different parents.
Of the over 11,600 applications to the USDA by seed producers for GE crops, how many were eventually deregulated and allowed to be sold?
Answer:
1,190 were eventually deregulated and allowed to be sold.
Explanation:
As you may already know, in order for a seed producer to sell transgenic seeds and plants, or any other genetically modified product, he will need to request an evaluation of his production. This is because it is necessary to guarantee that the transgenic seeds will not cause any harm to any living being, nor has the potential to become a pest.
However, the production of transgenic products has grown more and more each year, which means that the increase in requests for evaluation of production is increasing. As an example of this, we can mention the 11,600 requests to the USDA from seed producers for transgenics that have occurred since 1987, of which 1,190 were eventually deregulated and allowed to be sold.
two ways in which carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere?
Why are station models important?
Answer:
Meteorologists created the station model to fit a number of weather elements into a small space on weather maps. This allows map users to analyze patterns in atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind speed & direction, cloud cover, precipitation, and other parameters.
PLEASE HELP
Growth hormone and insulin are protein hormones that regulate carbohydrate metabolism by hepatocytes (liver cells) through the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Researchers investigated whether the two hormones trigger the same or different intracellular signaling pathways in hepatocytes. The researchers added either growth hormone or insulin to parallel cultures of hepatocytes. At several time points after the hormone addition, they purified total intracellular protein from the cells and quantified the level of the phosphorylated forms of two proteins involved in two different signaling pathways (Figure 1, A and B).
(a) Describe the first interaction that triggers signaling to begin in a target cell.
(b) Identify a dependent variable in the experimental design. Identify a negative control for the effects of hormone addition. Identify a likely reason why the researchers continued their experiment for 240 minutes.
(c) Describe the hormone and signaling protein combination that produced the greatest and most prolonged response. For the phosphorylated STAT5 response that reached 100 percent at 10 minutes in Figure 1A , calculate the rate of decrease (percent decrease per minute) in the detected level of phosphorylated STAT5 from 10 to 30 minutes.
(d) The researchers claim that the similar regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by hepatocytes when the cells are treated with growth hormone or insulin results from the activation of different signaling pathways. Use the data from the researchers’ experiment to support their claim.
Answer a:
In the case of growth hormone, it activates the STAT5 signaling pathway. Therefore, initially, as the hepatocytes sense growth hormone, they imitate the STAT 5 pathway, which after some time maintains a steady rate.
In the addition of insulin, it activates Protein kinase B pathway initially.
Answer b:
The dependent variable in the experiment is the level of STAT 5 and protein kinase B proteins. Those proteins are depending upon the independent variables growth hormone and insulin. A negative control should be the addition of the same amount of water into hepatocytes, which will give no effect to the protein levels.
The researcher wants to identify short and long term effects of both hormones in terms of whether the signaling pathway interacts with each other or not and to identify the steady-state of the signaling pathway. That is why the researcher run the experiment for 240 minutes.
Answer c:
Insulin and protein kinase B interaction is the greatest and most prolonged response as is seen in the graph. Protein kinase B level reached to 100 after 30 minutes as insulin added while the level remained to near 80 even after 240 minutes.
The level of STAT 5 at the 10th minute = 100
The level of STAT 5 at 30th minute = 35
From 10 to 30 minutes, the level of STAT 5 = 100 – 35
From 10 to 30 minutes, the level of STAT 5 = 65
Duration = 30 – 10 minutes
Duration = 20 minutes
Rate of decrease = 65/20
Rate of decrease = 3.25 levels/min
Answer d:
The claim by the researcher is supported because of the known functions of insulin and growth factors. Both hormones have a tendency to respond to the presence of glucose. The growth hormone initiates STAT5 signaling for producing the Igf-1 factor that is important for utilizing glucose. The insulin hormone is well known for utilizing glucose.
How do you think organ systems respond when an organ is unable to function properly?
A population of herbivores is at its carrying capacity for its habitat. Which factor is likely to result in a sudden rise in population that far exceeds the carrying capacity?
A.
birth of young
B.
emigration
C.
immigration
D.
introduction of a new limiting factor
Answer:
-immigration is likely to result in a sudden rise in population that far exceeds the carrying capacity.
Answer:
C. immigration
Explanation:
is the biosphere thicker above or below sea level
Answer:
Traditionally, the biosphere is considered to extend from the bottom of the oceans to the highest mountaintops, a layer with an average thickness of about 20 kilometers. Scientists now know that some forms of microbes live at great depths, sometimes several thousand meters into the earth's crust.
Explanation:
The biosphere is not thicker in any specific location, including above or below the sea level.
What is a biosphere?The biosphere refers to the portion of the earths surface where life exists, and it encompasses all the living organisms and the environment they occupy, including both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem.
The biosphere is a complex and dynamic system that encompasses a wide range of ecosystems, from the deepest parts of the ocean to the highest points of the mountains.
So, whether the biosphere is thicker above or below sea level depends upon the specific location and the types of ecosystems present. In some areas the biosphere ca n be dominated by terrestrial such as forests or grasslands ecosystem, while in other areas it is dominated by aquatic ecosystems such as coral reefs or mangrove forests.
Therefore, there is not any specific location where the biosphere is thicker above or below the sea level, as it depends upon the specific location.
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PLEASE FAST 15 points!!!
29. Which of the following is true about a larger cell?
A. More wastes must leave the cell.
B. More molecules must move through the membrane.
C. Distances from the cell membrane to various organelles are greater.
D. all of the above
30. To reduce the dependence on diffusion, multicellular organisms have
A. reduced cell size and the number of cells
B. developed thinner cell membranes
C. developed other internal transport systems
D. all of the above
Answer:
Explanation:
29. d all of the above
30. c
Answer: 29. D. all of the above
30. C. developed other internal transport systems
Explanation:
A diverse pool of _____________ helps ensure that individuals in a species will pass a variety of traits to their offspring.
A. Genes
B. Populations
C. Fish
Answer:
A. genes
Explanation:
Answer:
a
Explanation:
5. Fruits, nuts and vegetable production are classified as which ore
benefits of the horticulture industry?
A. Aesthetic value
B Recreational value
C. Therapeutic value
D. Food production
the life cycle of a white wagtail
The life cycle of a white wagtail starts from mating, laying of eggs, hatching, fledgling stage, and finally adulthood. As they mature, they develop distinctive markings and undergo annual migrations. The change of climate is vital for maintaining a constant body temperature and survival.
Explanation:The life cycle of a white wagtail, like other birds, begins with mating and the laying of eggs. The parents take care of the eggs, which will then hatch into hatchlings. The hatchlings, still dependent on their parents, continue to grow until they become fledglings, where they can nearly take care of themselves. Eventually, they will mature into adult wagtails capable of starting their own families.
During each stage of the life cycle, the white wagtails go through changes specific to their species. For instance, they develop distinctive feather colors as they mature and undergo annual migrations for suitable mates and habitats, similar to the American white pelican.
Migration is an important aspect of the life cycle of many bird species, including the white wagtail. During migration, they also adjust to warmer climates to maintain a constant body temperature which is crucial for their survival and ability to reproduce.
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Do humans and oak trees belong in the same domain?
Answer:
Yes.
Explanation:
This is because there are 3 domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. The domain Eukarya includes plants, animals, fungi, and protista. This means that both humans and oak trees, an animal and a plant, both belong in the same domain, Eukarya.
What role does blood play before cellular respiration can occur
Answer: Blood carries the oxygen through out the body and gets re-oxygenated to keep the body going.
Answer: C Blood delivers oxygen and glucose to cells.
Explanation: Blood plays a very important role before cellular respiration. The blood provides oxygenated blood for the aerobic processes that takes place during cellular respiration. Glycolysis, link reaction, Kreb's Cycle and Electron Transport Chain are all the aerobic process of Cellular respiration that requires oxygen.
The data shows that recently the shark population increased. How will the increase in the shark population affect the other populations? Be sure to explain whether the sea otter population, the sea star population, and the clam population will change, and why.
Answer:
If there is an increase in the shark population, then there will be a slight decrease in the other populations.
Explanation:
Based upon the three animals listed, the shark is at the top of the food chain. This means that the shark will eat the sea otter and see star, declaring their population will decrease.
An increase in shark population can have a ripple effect on other marine populations due to the interconnectivity of their food chain. For instance, sea otter population might decrease due to increased predation, leading to an increase in the sea star population and a potential decrease in clam population. However, environmental factors such as greenhouse gas emissions and ocean temperatures can also trigger shifts in marine populations.
Explanation:An increase in the shark population can significantly affect other marine populations. For instance, if sharks, who are predators at the top of the food chain, increase in number, they may increase predation on sea otters, a favorite food source, potentially decreasing the sea otter population. This, in turn, could increase the sea star population as sea otters often consume sea stars.
The trend might also increase populations of some other species like clams. If sea stars, which are predators of clams, increase due to a reduction in sea otters, then the clam population might decrease. However, if the increased shark population also reduces the number of seal (a clam predator), then the clam population might, in fact, increase.
Environmental factors such as increases in greenhouse gas emissions and fluctuations in ocean temperatures can also trigger shifts in marine populations. It's important to note that the interconnectedness of these marine populations means a change in one can have a ripple effect on the others.
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Which of these is NOT a possible of effect of dropping air pressure? (picture below)
Answer: Birds fly higher in the sky at higher speeds
Explanation:
PLZ HELP 13+points
A population of lizards lived in an ecosystem that was prone to flooding. After many generations, most of the lizards in the population had longer legs than their ancestors, which helped them flee from floods. Which statement best explains this change? *
A)The lizard genes spontaneously mutated to address the flooding threat.
B)Genetic variation among lizard limbs allowed for natural selection to occur.
C)The limbs were artificially selected because humans probably caused the flooding.
Answer:
B)Genetic variation among lizard limbs allowed for natural selection to occur.
Explanation:
Natural selection is the phenomenon in which creatures evolve as time goes on. This evolution occurs when the species experiences a certain natural challenge that it can adapt to. Lizards that had short legs died in the floods while the lucky longer legged lizards were able to pass on their genes to the next generation. This is Natural Selection in action.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
When the lizard go through natural selection, they evolve to the threat of flooding. Henceforth, they grow longer legs. The genes for longer legs will continuously be passed down to more and more generations.
Which of the following is example of a scientific model?
Answer
solar system, a globe of earth
Answer:
A model of the motions of the sun, moon and earth (which you participated in last year) A model of predicting eclipses. Models that explain weather phenomena can be used to predict weather.
Explanation:
These are examples of a scientific model.
what are the best baits for catfish
Answer:
Expmple
Nightcrawlers. Nightcrawlers remain a great bait for all cats, sometimes unequaled for channel cats. ...
describe the process of water changing state
Answer:
Explanation:
Water freezes into ice heats up and boils to steam
Answer:
Substances can change state, usually when they are heated or cooled.
The closeness, arrangement and motion of the particles in a substance change when it changes state.
If water turns to gas, (for example steam) the particles move more freely with each other and if it turns to solid (ice) the particles are packed more closely together.
To change into gas, water needs to be heated and to change into a solod water needs to be freezed
Explanation:.
Iridium is a substance found only in asteroids and other space objects. This graph shows the amount of Iridium found in different sediment layers of Earth. They are marked off into 17 sections representing time.
Iridium Levels graph shows Iridium levels in sediment layers. Beginning at sediment layer 1, iridium levels remain between 0 and 5, jumping to a level of 23 between layers 5 and 6, and decreasing to near starting levels at layers 14 through 17.
What most likely happened in sediment layer 5?
A massive volcano erupted, causing global warming and lava flow, which in turn caused mass extinction.
More iridium was produced by space objects and dumped by local factories.
A massive dust cloud formed, causing global cooling and a lack of sunshine. This in turn caused a lack of plants and a mass extinction.
Fewer impacts lead to a drop in iridium levels and a mass extinction caused by a lack of sunshine.
In sediment layer 5, more iridium was produced by space objects and dumped by local factories is likely to happened.
Sediment rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms. They form from deposits that accumulate on the Earth's surface. Sedimentary rocks often have distinctive layering or bedding.
Sediment rocks are formed on or near the Earth's surface, in contrast to metamorphic and igneous rocks, which are formed deep within the Earth. The most important geological processes that lead to the creation of sedimentary rocks are erosion, weathering.
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The increase in Iridium levels in sediment layer 5 is likely due to an asteroid impact because iridium is primarily found in asteroids.
Explanation:Based on the provided information, it is likely that the higher levels of iridium found between layers 5 and 6 are due to an asteroid impact. Iridium is a substance primarily found in asteroids and other space objects. An increase in iridium levels in a specific sediment layer would suggest an influx of material from space, such as an asteroid strike. Therefore, the spike in iridium does not align with the scenarios of a volcanic eruption, more iridium being produced locally or the formation of a dust cloud.
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Why is it commonly believed that carbon dioxide is responsible for global warming? Give at least 2 reasons.
Answer:
Scientists attribute the global warming trend observed since the mid-20th century to the human expansion of the "greenhouse effect"1 — warming that results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth toward space.
Certain gases in the atmosphere block heat from escaping. Long-lived gases that remain semi-permanently in the atmosphere and do not respond physically or chemically to changes in temperature are described as "forcing" climate change. Gases, such as water vapor, which respond physically or chemically to changes in temperature are seen
Explanation:
write out the chemical formula for a compound that has 18 carbon atoms, 26 hydrogen atoms, 1 chlorine atom, 3 nitrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom?
Final answer:
The chemical formula for a compound with 18 carbon atoms, 26 hydrogen atoms, 1 chlorine atom, 3 nitrogen atoms, and 1 oxygen atom is C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃O.
Explanation:
To write out the chemical formula for the compound with the specific number of atoms, we list each element symbol followed by its corresponding subscript number that represents the quantity of each element present in the molecule. In this case, the compound you've described contains 18 carbon (C) atoms, 26 hydrogen (H) atoms, 1 chlorine (Cl) atom, 3 nitrogen (N) atoms, and 1 oxygen (O) atom. Therefore, the chemical formula for this compound would be C₁₈H₂₆ClN₃O.
What is the flexible connective tissue shown in blue?
tendon
bone
cartilage
muscle
right answer gets brainliest!
Answer:
Cartilage
Explanation:
The flexible connective tissue shown in blue is cartilage.
Explanation:The flexible connective tissue in the shoulder joint is primarily cartilage. Cartilage is a tough and resilient tissue that covers the ends of bones where they meet in a joint, providing a smooth surface for low-friction movement. In the shoulder, it is found in the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone).
This articular cartilage reduces friction and cushions the joint during various movements like arm rotation and lifting. While cartilage plays a crucial role in the shoulder joint's flexibility and function, it can be susceptible to wear and tear, leading to conditions like osteoarthritis.
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Two fruit flies that are heterozygous for body color and eye color are crossed. Brown body color is dominant to black body color. Red eye color is dominant to brown eye color.
Answer:
For body color 75% of the fruit flies are dominant for the trait
For Eye color 75% of the flies are dominant for this trait
Answer:
9:16, 3:16, 3.16, 1:16
Explanation: on edge
How does the presence of water on Earth support life?
Answer:
Easy
Explanation:
In this regard, water is essential simply because it's a liquid at Earth-like temperatures. Because it flows, water provides an efficient way to transfer substances from a cell to the cell's environment.