Function and structure. Enzymes are very efficient catalysts for biochemical reactions. They speed up reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway of lower activation energy. Like all catalysts, enzymes take part in the reaction - that is how they provide an alternative reaction pathway.
The enzyme has an active site. It catalyzes the substrate into the product. The more the substrate is compatible with the enzyme, the more product formation is seen.
What is the structure of an enzyme?The enzyme is proteinaceous, except ribozyme. Ribozyme is an RNA molecule that can catalyze the reaction. Except the protein part of the enzyme, they consist of organic and inorganic molecules such as magnesium, zinc, etc.
These inorganic molecules are present near the active site of the enzyme and help in catalysis. The active site of an enzyme is attached to a substrate. The substrate forms a noncovalent bond with the active site and is converted into product.
The more efficient the catalysis, the better the enzyme substrate binding. The substrate should be compatible with the active site. Apart from the active site, some enzymes have an allosteric site. It is different from an active site. Allosteric regulators bind at this site and regulate the enzyme either positively or negatively.
Hence, the function depends on the binding site and the substrate.
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Touching a hot stove stimulates which type of sensory receptor?
a. pain receptor
b. mechanoreceptor
c. chemoreceptor
d. photoreceptor
it would be thermoreceptor but i think it is A) pain receptor
The correct answer from the above options is A) Pain receptor .
How does Pain receptor work ?
When a high temperature is sensed by the skin , a reflexive withdrawal is initiated by the arm muscles .
sensory neurones are activated by a stimulus , which is sent to the central nervous system CNS and a motor response is sent out to the skeletal muscles by efferent fibres that control the movements . The pain receptor is also known as nociceptor which has an ability to detect extreme heat , cold or any harmful chemicals .Where do pain receptors are located ?
These are located to the most exposed parts of the body which has susceptibility to any injuries .
For example : Fingers and toes .They are located on the epidermis that is the most superficial part of the skin ( surface of the skin ) and the dermis which lies beneath epidermis and second layer of the skin which is deeper than epidermis .To learn more about sensory receptors :
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A collected gas has a pressure of 778mmHg and a temperature of 47.0C. What would be the new pressure at standard temperature
Answer:
= 664.10 mmHg
Explanation:
According to pressure law the pressure of a fixed mass of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
Therefore;
P1/T1 = P2/V2
Standard temperature is equal to 0°C, which is 273.15 K.
In this case;
P1/T1= P2/T2
P1 = 778 mmHg
T1 = 47.0 + 273 K
= 320 K
P2 = ?
T2 = 0° C = 273.15 K
P2 =P1T2/T1
= (778 × 273.15)/320 K
= 664.10 mmHg
Which of the following is a compound?
A. Cl2
B. H2O
C. He
D. H2
B is the compound because a compound is two or more different atoms that combine.
Which hold water until it is needed?
A)dams
B)reservoirs
C)aqueducts
D)valleys
SCIENCE
B, reservoirs.
Dams are used to conserve water and to convert it into hydroelectric energy.
Aqueducts are used to move water from one source to another, think sort of like irrigation.
Valleys are plains of grass, has nothing to do with water.
Reservoirs however, are used to reserve water, Reserveoirs.
Reservoirs is referred to as the structure which holds water until it is needed and is denoted as option B.
What is a Reservoir?This is usually created using a dam and it is used to store water for future purposes.
This helps to prevent wastage and ensure that the water is easily retrieved when needed.
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What kind of factors are light temperature and soil composition
I think it is abiotic if it is not i am sorry
Answer:
The correct answer is abiotic factors.
Explanation:
A non-living constituent in the environment is known as an abiotic factor. This can be either a physical presence or chemical. The abiotic factors come in three fundamental categories. These are edaphic, climatic, and social. The edaphic factors comprise conditions of the soil, the climatic factor comprises sunlight, humidity, and other factors taking part in the climate. The social factors comprises the water resources in the region, and how the land is used. The five general abiotic factors are chemical elements, atmosphere, temperature/sunlight, water, and wind.
As the rate of cooling of igneous rocks increases, the size of the crystals that form
As the rate of cooling of igneous rocks increases, the size of the crystals that form decrease. Sense the size of the crystals will decrease, this would include that the rate of cooling of igneous rocks increases.
Answer:
The correct answer is "decreases".
Explanation:
As the rate of cooling of igneous rocks increases, the size of the crystals that form decreases. Volcanic or igneous rocks go trough a cooling process when they reach the Earth's surface, crystallizing and forming different crystal forms. The size of the crystals depend on the cooling rate, slow cooling allow the formation of large crystals, while fast cooling yields small crystals.
This is a coral reef ecosystem. Many biotic and abiotic factors affect the health of this ecosystem. Which set correctly pairs a biotic factor and an abiotic factor?
First, we have to know the definition of the following vocabulary terms:
Abiotic = non-living
Biotic = living
Then, it's just a matter of seeing which answer choice has both a living organism and a non-living part of the ecosystem.
Correct Answer:
Algae and sunlight
Algae is actually a living organism called a protist, which uses sunlight in a process called photosynthesis to create its own "energy" (just like plants).Sunlight is nonliving, but it is still an important part of the ecosystem especially for photosynthetic organisms like algae.Certain disorders, such as sickle cell anemia,
are linked to specific genes. Some scientists
would like to use gene therapy to cure such
disorders. Gene therapy involves replacing the
nonworking cells with cells that have been
genetically altered.
Which of these is a logical argument against gene therapy?
A
Changing one gene may lead to the formation of a new species.
B
Changing one gene may negatively affect other genes.
C
Drugs may already exist to cure these diseases, so there is no need for risky therapy.
D
Scientists may not be able to distinguish one gene from another.
what is the answer?
Certain disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, are linked to specific genes. Some scientists would like to use gene therapy to cure such disorders. Gene therapy involves replacing the nonworking cells with cells that have been genetically altered. Which of these is a logical argument against gene therapy?
Answer is option B. Changing one gene may negatively affect other genes.
How is mechanical energy calculated?
A.) the amount of kinetic energy multiplied by the number of moving parts
B.) the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy
C.) the sum of kinetic energy that is being used to do work
D.) the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy
i believe the answer is b
what term best describes an enzyme
Enzymes lower the activation energy level of a chemical reaction, thus enabling the reaction to proceed. Hope this helps
An enzyme is a protein catalyst that accelerates biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. Enzymes are specific for their substrates and can break them down, build complex molecules, or affect reaction rates.
Explanation:An enzyme is a type of protein catalyst that helps to accelerate biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur. Enzymes are specific for the substrates they act on, and they bind to the substrate at their active site. They can either break down substrates (catabolic enzymes), build more complex molecules (anabolic enzymes), or affect the rate of a reaction (catalytic enzymes).
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What are the components of DNA
DNA has three types of chemical component: phosphate, a sugar called deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Two of the bases, adenine and guanine, have a double-ring structure characteristic of a type of chemical called a purine.
Answer:
DNA has three types of components:
Deoxyribose sugar.Nitrogenous bases.Phosphate group.Explanation:
DNA is composed up of molecule nucleotide and each nucleotide comprises of a Deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and nitrogenous bases.
Deoxyribose sugar.is a five carbon or a pentose sugar.
phosphate group:help in the formation of DNA backbone.
nitrogenous bases: is used in the formation of nucleotides. The nitrogen bases are purines( adenine, guanine), pyrimidines (cytosine, and thymine).
A specific flower is pollinated by only one type of bee. This flower has developed a structure that mimics the smell and look of a female of that species so the males will be attracted to it.
What evolutionary process does this bestillustrate?
coevolution
extinction
macroevolution
speciation
This best illustrates coeveolution because the flower evolved with the bee to get it to be more attracted to it.
cells are productd through what stage
You're either looking for Mitosis or Cytokinesis.
Mitosis. The stages that a cell goes through to divide.
Cytokinesis. The final cellular division to form two new cells.
what four parts do all cells have and what is the function of each?
Plasma membrane: a microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins which forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm.
Cytoplasm: the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
Ribosomes: a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins.
DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
All cells have four main components, such as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, and ribosomes, regardless of whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, as all cells have these components.
What are the fundamental components of the cells?All cells have some fundamental structures, such as the genetic material of a cell, which is comprised of DNA, which contains the instructions for the development and function of the organism, and the cytoplasm, composed of water, salts, etc., which is the site of many important cellular processes. While cells have the plasma membrane, which is composed of a lipid bilayer and acts as a selective barrier,
Hence, all cells have four main components, such as the cell membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, and ribosomes, regardless of whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic, as all cells have these components.
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help with microbiology!
Answer:
21. C
22. A
23. B
24. C
Explanation:
21. The structure of cell shape is not maintained by the cell membrane, Rather it is the product of the cytoskeleton which is the filaments and microtubules in the cell. They change the shape of the cell by contracting and relaxing. They also control the internal organization of organelles inside the cell.
22. Psychrophile bacteria thrive in low temperatures which they are adapted to. They can be expected in the polar regions and deep seas. Their metabolism can function in these low temperatures because their cells have antifreeze protein that protects the cells from ice-induced desiccation and damage.
23. Thermophiles are extremophiles that thrive in high temperatures. They can be expected in hydrothermal vents. They have heat-stable proteins and enzymes and DNA (that has high G-C content) that is not easily denatured at high temperatures.
24. This phase is called the stationary phase. The reproduction rate is equal to the death rate. This is because the population has reached its carrying capacity. This is why there is no growth in population.
What is the term used for the elements and compounds before a chemical reaction takes place?
Explanation:
Before a chemical reaction, the elements and compounds which are about to take part in the reaction are known as reactants.
And, when the chemical reaction takes place between the given elements and compounds then they change into products.
For example, we take sodium and chlorine elements and before any chemical reaction they are the reactants.
But when a chemical reaction takes place between sodium and chlorine then it results into the formation of sodium chloride which is the product.
In a chemical reaction, the term used for the elements and compounds present before the reaction takes place is 'reactants'. These undergo a chemical reaction to form the 'products'.
Explanation:In a chemical reaction, the substances that are present before the reaction takes place are referred to as the reactants. These could be individual elements or compounds that chemically interact with each other. For instance, in the formation of salt (NaCl), sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) are the reactants. After the reaction has taken place, the substances that are produced are referred to as products.
Furthering the explanation with another example, let's consider water's formation. The reactants in this chemical reaction are hydrogen and oxygen, which are the elements. They react to form water, which is the product and a compound. The chemical equation would be: 2H + O -> H₂O. The arrow indicates the direction of the reaction, from reactants to products. Thus the term used for elements and compounds before a chemical reaction is 'reactants'.
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Give two examples of how you have used your autonomic nervous system today
The eye of a hurricane has the ____.
A. Highest Wind Speeds
B. Most intense rainfall
C. Highest air pressure
D. Warmest temperatures
The eye of a hurricane has the highest wind speeds.
In this assignment, you will explore types of tissue and use what you learn to answer some follow-up questions.
Read the article and use the information to answer the following questions
Types of Human Tissue
Just like members of a sports team will work together to achieve a goal or win a game, cells work together to perform major tasks in the body. Tissues are groups of cells with similar shapes that work together in this way. Tissues are grouped into four classifications: epithelium, connective, muscle, and nervous. Each tissue classification has a unique arrangement of cells and material outside the cells that is specifically designed to perform a certain function.
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial tissues form the various linings of the body. This includes the lining of the organs, blood vessels, digestive tract, respiratory tract, tubules of glands, and the skin itself.
This topmost layer of cells in this slide of the trachea is epithelium. The epithelial cells in this organ protect the underlying tissues from drying out and help to capture and remove dust, germs, and other impurities in air.
Simple epithelium contains only a single layer of cells and is best-suited for absorption and secretion. The lining of the stomach, for example, contains epithelium that secrets acid and enzymes to digest food. The epithelium of the kidneys filters blood and produces urine. Stratified squamous epithelium contains multiple cell layers and is highly protective. The outermost layer of the skin contains stratified squamous epithelium.
Because epithelium serves as body linings, epithelial cells have short life spans and can regenerate relatively quickly following injury.
Connective Tissue
Connective tissue binds or supports other tissues or organs. Unlike epithelium, connective tissues contain both cells and extracellular matrix – a mixture of protein fibers, fluid, and other substances found outside the cell that provide structural support to the cells.
In addition to cells, connective tissues contain a matrix of extracellular substances that may include protein fibers, lipids, fluids, and other dissolved substances.
Connective tissues include tendons, cartilage, bone, blood, and fat.
Muscle Tissue
Muscle tissue can relax and contract, generating movement. There are three types of muscle tissue.
Skeletal muscle cells are long and cylindrical, cardiac muscle is branched, while smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped.
Cardiac muscle tissue is made of cells that are branched, or striated. Each cell has a single nucleus. These cells are found in the heart and have the ability to contract regularly through your whole life.
Skeletal muscle tissue is made of cells that are very long, striated, and can have more than one nucleus. These are found in all the voluntary muscles of the body, such as the biceps muscles of the arms.
Smooth muscle tissue is made of cells that are short, spindle-shape and non-striated. Each cell has a single nucleus. These are found lining the hollow organs of the digestive tract and help to move food forward.
Nervous Tissue
Nervous tissue has the ability to communicate with other cells in the body through the transmission of electrical impulses. There are two primary types of cells found in nervous tissue. Neurons are star-shaped cells with elongated dendrites and axons that can form physical connections with other cells. Neuroglia are smaller cells that support neurons. This tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and all of the peripheral nerves throughout the rest of the body.
The large cells are motor neurons, surrounded by many smaller neuroglia.
Name three types of connective tissue.
Answer:
Include three of them in your response
Explanation:
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
Fat
Tendons
Three types of connective tissue are:
TendonsCartilageBoneWhat are these connective tissues?Tendons: Tendons are tough, fibrous cords that attach muscles to bones. They are made up of a dense network of collagen fibers.
Cartilage: Cartilage is a smooth, flexible tissue that provides support and cushioning for joints. It is made up of a gel-like matrix of chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid.
Bone: Bone is a hard, rigid tissue that forms the skeleton. It is made up of a matrix of collagen fibers and minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus.
Other types of connective tissue include:
Adipose tissue (fat)
Loose connective tissue
Dense connective tissue
Blood
Lymphatic tissue
Connective tissue is the most abundant type of tissue in the body. It plays a vital role in supporting and binding other tissues and organs. It also helps to protect the body from infection and injury.
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Today, genetically-engineered crops are becoming more common. Which of the following is a likely possible negative impact of the use of genetically-engineered crops?
A. Genetically-engineered genes can be transferred to wild plants in the area.
B. Animals that consume genetically-engineered crops will no longer be able to reproduce.
C. Crops that have been genetically engineered to resist disease would increase the use of pesticides.
D. Human DNA might experience recombinant mutations with the plant DNA.
Answer: Genetically-engineered genes can be transferred to wild plants in the area.
Explanation: Gene flow between similar species is a common occurrence. It is possible for genetically-engineered genes in a crop plant to transfer to related species of wild plants. This could cause multiple problems. For example, if the genetically-engineered gene makes the plant immune to a weed killer, then wild plants that are considered weeds by the farmer would no longer be controllable with weed killers. it from study island
Answer: Genetically-engineered genes can be transferred to wild plants in the area.
Explanation: Gene flow between similar species is a common occurrence. It is possible for genetically-engineered genes in a crop plant to transfer to related species of wild plants. This could cause multiple problems. For example, if the genetically-engineered gene makes the plant immune to a weed killer, then wild plants that are considered weeds by the farmer would no longer be controllable with weed killers.
Proof that I am right look below
What do arthropods and segmented worms have in common?
Question 6 options:
They both have segmented bodies during some stage of their life.
They both have hard outer shells that are unmovable.
They both have bones and vertebrae.
They both lack any sense organs.
They both have segmented bodies during some stage of their life.
Explanation;Segmented body worm or Annelids belong to phylum Annelida which consist of coelomates with elongated, segmented body. Arthropoda refers to an animal phylum that consists of haemocoelomates with a segmented body, joint appendages, and chitinous exoskeleton.They differ in a number of features and characteristics, but are similar in that;
Both animals have similar types of larvae.Both Annelida and Arthropoda consist of bilateral symmetry.Both Annelida and Arthropoda consist of triploblastic animals with three germ layers. Both Annelida and Arthropoda have organ system level of organization. Both Annelida and Arthropoda consist of segmented body structures, etc.Answer:
They both have segmented bodies during some stage of their life
Explanation:
Match each type of skeleton marking to its function
Answer:
Tubercle: allows tendons to attach to bone
Foramen: Allows blood vessels and nerves to travel through bone.
Fossa: Allows to bones to form a joint.
Explanation:
Tubercle is a small round prominence on the bone which helps in the attachment of tendons to the bones.
Foramen means aperture or hole, through which blood vessels and nerves can pass through. For example: Vertebral foramen. Vertebral foramen of all the vertebral bones together form the vertebral canal. Blood vessels pass through the vertebral foramen. Another example is foramen magnum in the occipital bone.
Fossa is small depression on the surface of bone where articulation can occur. Example: radial fossa- is a depression which articulated with head of radius when the forearm is raised. Olecranon fossa receives olecranon of ulna when forearm is extended.
Which part of the endoplasmic reticulum is involved intransport?
The endoplasmic reticulum serves many general functions, including the folding of protein molecules in sacs called cisternae and the transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus. I hope this helps (:
Name the substrate the main product and the by-products of fermentation
The two main types of fermentation are alcoholic fermentation and lactate fermentation (there are other types). Sugars are the most common substrate of fermentation, and typical examples of fermentation products are ethanol, lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas (H2).
Answer & explanation:
The two most important types of fermentation are latic fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
The lactic fermentation has pyruvic acid as its substrate, this reaction has as its end product the energy in the form of ATP and its byproduct is lactic acid.
In alcoholic fermentation, yeast and some bacteria ferment sugars(substrate), producing at the end of the fermentation reaction energy (ATP) as a final product, and as byproducts carbon dioxide and ethanol.
what is overproduction?
a-individuals produce offspring with too many traits.
b-some individuals produce more offspring than others.
c-more offspring are produced than can survive.
d-some offspring mate with too many partners.
C- More offspring are produced than can survive. There isn’t enough resources out there to support them all.
It’s C for this one!
Which group of animals could be correctly classified as endothermic?
Question 11 options:
robin, squirrels, mice
bears, snakes, wolves
frogs, lizards, snakes
groundhogs, hawks, crab
Answer:
first set
Explanation:
because endo means small
what is the role of the liver A it makes all four digestive enzymes B it makes nephrons C It produces urine D it produces bile
D. the liver produces bile
How does an enzyme affect a chemical reaction ?
Hello, I'm Eric. I'll be trying my best to assist you on your question today.
Explanation:The lower the energy for a reaction is for a reaction, the faster the rate is. The Enzyme helps speed it up even more to get a better reaction in a chemical etc.
An object has a kinetic energy of 32 J and a mass of 36 kg, how fast is the object moving?
Answer:
1,34 m/s
Explanation:
KE= 1/2 mv^2
massa = 3,6 × 10 ^4/ 10 ^3 kg = 36 kg
KE = 1/2 × 36 × v^2
32 × 2/36 = v^2
64/36 = V^2
√64/36 = V
V= 8/6
V = 1,34 m/s
How do mutations drive evolution?
An organism's DNA affects how it looks, how it behaves, and its physiology. So a change in an organism's DNA can cause changes in all aspects of its life. Mutations are essential to evolution; they are the raw material of genetic variation. Without mutation, evolution could not occur.
well a mutation in a animals DNA is evidence that it may be trying to adapt to its environment. or the mutation is caused be a disease or excessive amounts of radiation. but either way the mutation can be passed down to the next generation. And the mutation can continue to 'evolve' and create new possibility in what the animal can do.
Hope that this helps. Good luck!