what is the role of b cells in the human immune system

Answers

Answer 1
B cells mature in the bone marrow, which is at the core of most bones It recognises invaders by the shape of molecules -antigens- on their surfaces. With the help of T cells, B cells make proteins called antibodies. The antibodies will help your body become aware of intruders.

Related Questions

The S phase in the cell cycle is the      A. synthesis phase, when DNA is replicated. B. spindle phase, when chromatids are pulled apart. C. sync phase, when the new cell synchronizes with other cells. D. split phase, when the cell reproduces into two

Answers

The S phase in the cell cycle is the SYNTHESIS PHASE WHEN DNA IS REPLICATED. The correct option is A.
In the cell cycle, the S phase is the stage at which the DNA is replicated. The S phase is located between the G1 and the G2 phases. Very accurate DNA replication is very important in order to conserve the genetic information in the DNA.

Folds of the plasma membrane that increase surface area are called

Answers

dear brother/ the layer which increase the surface area of an mitochondria is called cristae. threre aren't any layer which increase the surface area of plasma membrane....

Describe how you should warm up before attempting a maximal test.

Answers

Final answer:

To warm up before attempting a maximal test, start with light aerobic exercise, perform dynamic stretches, do sport-specific drills, and finish with light static stretching.

Explanation:

Before attempting a maximal test, it is important to warm up properly to prevent injuries and prepare your body for the intense activity. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to warm up:

Start with 5-10 minutes of light aerobic exercise like jogging or jumping jacks to gradually increase your heart rate and blood flow.

Perform dynamic stretches for major muscle groups, such as leg swings or arm circles, to improve flexibility and range of motion.

Do some sport-specific drills or exercises that mimic the movements you will be doing during the test. For example, if you're doing a maximal test for sprinting, include some sprints at sub-maximal intensity.

Finish with some light static stretching to further improve flexibility and reduce muscle tension.

Remember, warming up properly before a maximal test can help enhance performance and reduce the risk of injuries.

air pressure on top of a planes wing decreases...
A) as the planes speed decreases
B) because the plane eventually has to land
C) As the plane's speed increases
D) As the plane's fuel runs low

Answers

i belive its c because thats how they go upwards

Answer: Option C.

Explanation:

As the speed of plane increases and it moves forward it allows to push air on the bottom of the wings of the plane which results in increasing the pressure

The fact of air pressure on top of planes wing decreases with the increase bin plane's speed is based on Bernoulli’s Principle which states that with the fast moving air, the pressure decreases.

Therefore,n when the plane moves up it's wing pushes air down and on the same time the air pressure decreases at the top of the wing, this difference between the high and low pressure allows the flight to lift up.

Hence, the correct option is C.

Which is not considered a macronutrient?
a. nitrogen
b. carbon
c. sulfur
d. iron
e. phosphorous?

Answers

I believe the answer is B. Carbon is NOT a macronutrient since Nutrients are classified as macronutrients and micronutrients. 

Compare coenzymes with substrates. how do they work together in enzyme catalysis

Answers

Coenzymes are organic or inorganic molecules that help in the catalysis process, while the substrate is the substance that is acted upon by the enzyme. Coenzymes work by converting enzymes into an active form from an inactive one. The enzyme then acts on the substrate and either breaks it down or builds it up into a different molecule, which varies from enzyme to enzyme.

The roots of many plants have a relationship with fungi called

Answers

Reaching out for help and support is an important first step in dealing with the issues drugs and alcohol might be causing in your life, or affecting a friend or family member.

Here you will find a number of different resources to help you, or help you support someone you care about.

Which is not correct about type 1 diabetes? which is not correct about type 1 diabetes? the immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. insulin is produced, but cells are not using it properly. it usually begins in childhood. daily insulin injections are required?

Answers

Choice (B) is the only incorrect statement about Type 1 diabetes. Insulin is not produced in the pancreas by a person with this disease, because the cells that do this type of work have been attacked and destroyed by one's own system. This requires daily insulin injections and constant maintenance, beginning in childhood.

what is difference between virion and viroid (5 to 6 differences are needed)

Answers

Viroid

1. It is an infectious RNA particle 
2. Viroid is formed of only RNA 
3. A protein coat is absent
4. Viroid has a smaller size 5. Viroid infects only plants

Virus

1. It is a nuclearprotein particle
2. Nucleic can be DNA or RNA
3. A protien covering a coat called always present
4. Virus has a larger size
5. Virus infects all types of organism

Homeostasis is the regulation of an organisms internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for life. Homeostasis requires?

Answers

organisms regulation of its internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for survival; a characteristic of all living things. Process of maintaining equilibrium in cells' internal environments

balance between all of the body’s systems.

Please help!!!!!!!! WIll give brainliest!!!!! One theme that connects all information in biology is “stability and change.” Describe one of the other themes that connects all the information in biology. Use an example to help explain the theme.

Answers

Structure and Function: In the living world, evolution has resulted in structures at a variety of levels and physical scales that are adapted to fulfilling a particular function (promoting survival and reproduction).

Structure and Function

disadvantages of silver fish and army ant?

Answers

One disadvantage to both silverfish and army ants is the fact that both are very hard to get rid of when they are in your home.
Here is your answer:

Your answer is that

A army ant gets food from the land a siverfish gets food from the water so they get their food at different places.

A water well is a structure created to obtain water from deep in the geosphere. Where is the well obtaining this water?


A water well is a structure created to obtain water from deep in the geosphere. Where is the well obtaining this water?


Answers

Usually under ground springs, or sometimes hollowed earth beneath solid earth where the water pools.

Answer:

The well is drawing water from the water sources underneath the surface of the Earth, that is, the groundwater.  

Explanation:

Groundwater comprises the water, which flows naturally from the surface to the surface underneath. Groundwater also comprises water, which is present in various porous substances that are present underneath the surface of the Earth, like gravel, silt, clay, and sand. The water gets collected below the ground in these porous substances into the compositions known as aquifers. Generally, the well water obtains its water from these compositions.  

Predict what you think might happen if the respiratory membrane were instead composed of two layers of stratified squamous epithelium. Explain.

Answers

If the membrane becomes two layers of stratified squamous epithelium then the rate of oxygen/carbon dioxide diffusion will be lower.

Stratified squamous epithelium is good for protection since it is thick and durable A thicker membrane will make the diffusion slower because the distance will be higher. This will lessen the effectivity of the respiratory organ as it will produce less oxygen. That is why respiratory membrane is best if it is thin. 

Final answer:

Switching the respiratory membrane to two layers of stratified squamous epithelium would impair gas exchange due to the increased thickness and protective nature of this type of tissue, leading to potentially decreased oxygen absorption and carbon dioxide removal.

Explanation:

The question asks, "Predict what you think might happen if the respiratory membrane were instead composed of two layers of stratified squamous epithelium." The respiratory membrane currently consists of a single layer of squamous epithelium, known for its thinness, which facilitates the efficient exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) by diffusion. In sharp contrast, stratified squamous epithelium comprises multiple layers of cells, primarily designed for protection against abrasion and external damage, as seen in the skin, mouth, and vaginal tissues.

Replacing the current single-layered squamous epithelial structure with a stratified squamous epithelium would significantly impair the respiratory system's function. The increased thickness and the protective orientation of this layer would drastically reduce the efficiency of gas exchange. Instead of facilitating the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide, the thickened barrier would pose a formidable obstacle, potentially leading to decreased oxygen absorption into the bloodstream and impaired removal of carbon dioxide.

if a genetic error occurred, resulting in each liver cell in a person having only 1,000 insulin receptors, what specific effect would this have on the liver cells?

Answers

If a person had only 1000 insulin receptors in each liver cell instead of the usual 90,000 or more, the person would not be able to take in or absorb the normal amount of insulin, store glucose as efficiently, or regulate blood sugar levels as efficiently.

When the levels of glucose in the blood elevate, the beta cells in the pancreas discharge insulin that encourages uptake of glucose for storage and metabolism. This hormone is recognized by the insulin receptors found in the surface of the cell.  

If an individual is having 1000 insulin receptors, in each cell of the liver in spite of exhibiting the usual 90000 or more, then the individual would not possess the tendency to consume or absorb the usual amount of insulin, monitor the levels of sugar as effectively, or store glucose as effectively.  


WILL GIVE A BRAINLEST


Which is not a year-round resident of the tundra?


polar bear


wolverine


jackrabbit


musk ox

Answers

Which is not a year-round resident of the tundra?


polar bear


wolverine


jackrabbit


musk ox.

The correct answer:  Jackrabbit

Jackrabbit is not a year-round resident of the Tundra region. Polar bear, wolverine, musk ox all are year-round residents of the tundra region. Thus, the correct option is C.

What are the characteristics of Tundra region?

Tundra is the coldest of all the biomes on the globe. Tundra are the treeless plain regions. It has extremely low temperature, with a little precipitation, poor nutrient content of the soil, and short growing seasons. In these biomes, dead organic matter functions as nutrient pool.

Tundra wildlife includes mammals such as Norway lemmings, arctic hares, polar bear, wolverine, musk ox, and arctic ground squirrels. These animals build up stores of fat in their body to sustain and insulate themselves through the winter season.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

Learn more about Tundra region here:

https://brainly.com/question/9931147

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An error that occurs when DNA is replicated is referred to as a ____. mutation migration splicing event genetic drift

Answers

The answer is A. mutation

An error that occurs when DNA is replicated is referred to as a mutation. The correct option is a.

What is mutation?

A mutation is changing or modification in the nucleic acid or DNA sequence of a person. This is a natural process that occurs due to mutagens.

A mutation is now also artificial induced to bring out changes in the gene sequences for specific reasons.

There are different types of mutations; somatic mutation occurs in the body cell and chromosomal mutation occurs in the structure of chromosomes, point mutation changes the nucleotide.

The majority of non-neutral mutations are harmful. The effect of a mutation and its likelihood of being harmful increase generally with the number of base pairs that are changed by the mutation.

Therefore, the correct option is a. mutation.

To learn more about mutation, refer to the below link:

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Pool all of the offspring from your 5 replicates. how much phenotypic variation do you find?

Answers

Final answer:

The student asked about the phenotypic variation in the offspring. However, the information provided is not sufficient to determine the specific phenotypic variation they found.

Explanation:

In this question, the student is asking about the phenotypic variation in the offspring. Phenotypic variation refers to the differences in physical characteristics or traits observed in a population. In order to determine the amount of phenotypic variation, the student is instructed to pool all the offspring from their 5 replicates.



However, the information provided is not sufficient to determine the specific phenotypic variation they found. To calculate phenotypic variation, one would need additional information such as the number of different traits or phenotypes observed and their frequencies in the pooled offspring.



Without this information, it is not possible to accurately quantify the phenotypic variation in the offspring.

In humans, how many alleles of genes found on the x chromosome do male have?

Answers

I believe for a male its 26

Which is a step of the convection cycle in Earths atmosphere?

A. Cold, denser air rises.
B. Cold, less dense air falls.
C. Hot, less dense air falls.
D. Hot, less dense air rises.

Answers

d is the correct answer

The answer is Hot, less dense air rises
In the convection cycle, air will rise due to the heat that is displayed by the sun. This makes the cold, denser air started to fall and creating a differential pressure within the atmosphere. This pressure will influence the movement of the air and create a wind.

Climbing to the top of mt. whitney in california, what would you expect to happen to the temperature on the mountain as you ascend?

Answers

the temperature would rise because the higher you are the colder it gets.

In numerous studies, treatment of prion preparations with ionizing and uv-radiation does not reduce transmission of disease, however, treatment with denaturants reduces disease transmission. what can be inferred from these observations? choose all the true statements.

Answers

The treatment of prions with denaturants reduces disease transmission because prions do not contain genetic information, which is affected by ionizing radiation.

Further Explanation:

Disease transmission can be defined as a process which involves the transfer of infectious agent from one individual to another. This transmission can be direct or indirect depending upon the mode of the transfer of the agent to an individual.

The term prion refers to protein infection particle. Normal prion protein is a protein on the surface of the cells which is encoded by a PRNP gene. Mutation in the PRNP gene results in abnormal or misfolded prion protein. Altered prions contains proteinaceous infectious particle which can transmit disease by inducing normal proteins to become misfolded ones.

Treatment of prion preparations with ionizing and UV-radiation does not reduce transmission of disease as it is not a genetic material or DNA. Denaturants can reduce disease transmission by denaturing the structure of misfolded protein which cannot reform again to become infectious.

Learn more:

1. Learn more about plants: https://brainly.com/question/862697

2. Learn more about bacteria: https://brainly.com/question/4656094

3. Learn more about viruses: https://brainly.com/question/3889603

Answer Details:

Grade: College Biology

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Life processes-Virus

Keywords:

Prion, protein infection particle, proteinaceous infectious particle, denaturants, misfolded protein, PRNP gene.

Prions' resistance to ionizing and UV radiation suggests that they do not contain nucleic acid genomes, and their infectivity being reduced by denaturants confirms the role of protein structure in disease transmission. Their robustness necessitates special handling guidelines in medicine and related fields to prevent transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.

From the observations that ionizing radiation and UV radiation do not reduce the transmission of disease caused by prions, but treatment with denaturants does, it can be inferred that prions are not inactivated by methods that damage nucleic acids, such as ionizing and UV radiation. This suggests that prions do not rely on nucleic acid components like DNA or RNA for their infectious properties, which is consistent with the fact that prions do not contain their own genome. Since denaturants, which disrupt protein structures, do reduce transmission risk, it underscores the role of the abnormal protein conformation in prion infectivity. This aligns with the unique nature of prions as infectious agents that are composed solely of misfolded protein.

Prions are particularly resistant to methods that typically destroy other infectious agents. This information is critical in fields that deal with transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), and it guides the development of safety practices for handling prions. The guidelines must address the robustness of prions and the specific ways to reduce their infectivity, emphasizing the importance of using denaturants over other, less effective methods.

When a snake gets too cold, it will move to a warm rock. It sits on the warm rock to feel heat from the Sun and increase its body temperature.

What trait of living things does the snake display when it changes its location to warm itself?

A.being made of cells

B.needing energy

C.growing and developing

D.responding to stimuli

Answers

D. Responding to stimuli

Answer: Responding to stimuli

Explanation:

When a snake is old it gets too cold and it moves towards a warm rock sits on it and increases the temperature of the body.

The snake does so to maintain the temperature of the body. This makes the snake maintain homeostasis by responding towards the stimuli.

The colder environment changes the temperature of the snake but the snake maintains homeostasis by resisting the change in  temperature inside body.

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