What pigment is used in human vision?
A) chlorophyll a
B) beta-carotene
C) retinal
D) vitamin A
E) ferredoxin

The receptors for dynamic equilibrium are located in the vestibule of the ear.

The correct option is: The receptors for dynamic equilibrium are located in the vestibule of the ear. The receptors for dynamic equilibrium are called cristae ampullaris, not maculae. These receptors are stimulated by head movement as they detect changes in rotational forces. Maculae, instead, are the receptors for static equilibrium.

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The receptors for dynamic equilibrium are located in the semicircular canals of the inner ear and respond to rotational forces, not to be confused with the maculae in the utricle and saccule which detect linear accelerations and tilts.

The receptors for dynamic equilibrium respond to rotational forces and are stimulated by head movement. These receptors are located in the semicircular canals of the inner ear. The utricle and saccule within the vestibule sense linear accelerations and head tilts due to gravity, but it is the semicircular canals that specifically sense rotational movements, such as when turning the head from side to side.

The pigments involved in photosynthesis are located in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, which is where the light-dependent reactions take place.

The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis, such as chlorophyll, are located in the D) thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. Within these membranes, chlorophyll and other pigments absorb light energy, which is essential for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The thylakoids are disc-shaped structures stacked into grana, and these are where the initial steps of photosynthesis occur.

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The study of fossils has enabled scientists to build a historical record of life on Earth, determine the age of rock layers, and advance our understanding of evolutionary biology.

The study of fossils has allowed scientists to do a number of significant things. First, fossils provide a historical record of life on Earth, helping us understand what kinds of organisms have existed, how they lived, and how they evolved over time. This is because fossils are basically the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms.

Secondly, by studying fossils, scientists are able to determine the age of rock layers. This helps build the field of stratigraphy, which is crucial in understanding Earth's geological history. By understanding the sequence of rock layers and the fossils found within them, scientists can piece together a chronological narrative of Earth's biological and geological history.

Finally, the study of fossils has advanced our understanding of evolutionary biology. Fossils reveal patterns of evolution, such as gradual changes over time, or sudden changes due to major ecological events. These patterns help scientists develop and refine theories about how life changes through time.

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Answer:

Nitrogen fixation is the name of the process in which the atmospheric dinitrogen is converted into a form which can be used by the plants for their growth. The nitrogen fixation is done by a soil bacteria called as rhizobia which lives in symbiotic association with the root nodules of the leguminous plants. The bacteria converts the atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonia and nitrates which are readily absorbed by the plants. In return the the bacteria obtains the carbohydrates from the plants as a source of food.

Cytokinesis in animals -> [Cleavage furrow, Both daughter cells]

Cytokinesis in plants -> [Cell plate, cell wall, Mitosis thingy]

Cytokinesis is the process of division of cytoplasm at the end of the cell division cycle; both in mitosis or meiosis. Cytokinesis begins in the early stages of mitosis, anaphase and ends in telophase. There are special features of cytokinesis depending on the type of cells, such as prokaryotes, animals or plants.

Cytokinesis in Animal Cells

In animal cells, cytokinesis begins with the cleavage pathway that occurs right on the cell surface in the equatorial region. On the cell surface, there are contractile rings formed from actin microfilaments and myosin that contract. The contraction continues until the stem cells are pinched and split into two completely separate daughter cells.

Cytokinesis in Plant Cells

Cytokinesis in plant cells is significantly different from animal cells due to the presence of semi-rigid cell walls (consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, etc).

Therefore, separation by contractile ring formation is not possible in plant cells. Plant cells produce structures called cell plates, new cell walls from inside to outside cells.

A structure known as a preprophase fiber is an actin filament ring formed during the G2 phase initially determining the cell plate position and direction.

The formation of cell plates begins at anaphase and is guided by a structure called phragmoplast, a collection of microtubules from the mitotic spindle at the center of the cell.

Small vesicles containing polysaccharides and glycoproteins needed for the formation of new cell walls are transported through microtubules to the phragmoplast. Vesicles combine to form plates.

This initial cell plate grows by fusion of vesicles until it reaches the original cell wall to form two separate cells from the cell membrane and middle lamella.

Finally, cellulose microfibrils are accumulated in the matrix of the cell plate to form primary cell walls.

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Class: College

Subject: Biology

Keywords: cytokinesis process in animals and plants.

Answer: Binomial name consists of two words. The first words shows the Genus of the organism and the second word shows the species of the organism.

Explanation:

The binomial nomenclature given by the Linnaeus represent the genus and species of the organism. The scientific nomenclature of the plants and animals use genus as the first name of the organism and species as the second name of the organism.

Example: Humans are named as Homo sapiens, in which the genus is Homo and the species is sapiens.

In eukaryotic translation, the initial event is the recognition and attachment of the small ribosomal subunit to the cap of the mRNA molecule.

The first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes is D) the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the cap of mRNA. In the process of translation, information from mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids to form a protein. This process begins when the small subunit of the ribosome, a molecular machine that facilitates the formation of protein, recognizes and bonds to a cap structure at the end of the mRNA molecule. This forms a sort of 'starting point' at which the translation process can begin.

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The chemical formula of a compound describes the elements of compound contains and the ratio of elements in the compound

For example, the chemical formula for water is H2O. This tells us that water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms in water is 2:1.

Another example is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide, CO2. This tells us that carbon dioxide is made up of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. The ratio of carbon to oxygen atoms in carbon dioxide is 1:2.

Chemical formulas are important because they allow us to identify and characterize compounds. They also allow us to calculate the amount of each element in a compound and to predict the chemical properties of a compound.

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Any astronomical body that revolves around a larger body is known as Satellite.

A natural or an artificial body which revolve around the planet in order to collect essential information or for communication is called as Satellite.

It can be natural or artificial. The moon, planet or machine that orbits a planet or star are satellites.

Earth  can be called satellite as it orbits the sun, similarly the moon is a satellite as it orbits Earth.

Artificial or  man made satellites are designed usually to collect the essential data like climate reports, temperature, humidity, gaseous content and  for communication.

Man made satellites are designed in a certain way that with a less time it can collect more information compared to ground level instruments.

Hence, an astronomical body that revolves around a larger body is called as satellite.

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Male testes are located in the scrotum outside the body to maintain an optimal temperature for sperm production, which is slightly cooler than the body's internal temperature.

The male testes are located in the scrotum outside the body due to temperature regulation. The process of sperm production, or spermatogenesis, requires conditions that are slightly cooler than the body's typical internal temperature. Being located in the scrotum allows the testes to remain at an optimum temperature, approximately 2-4 degrees Celsius cooler than the body's core temperature, which contributes to efficient and healthy sperm production.

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the maximum number of copies an unaffected individual is expected to have is two, reflecting the diploid nature of organisms and the fact that they inherit one allele from each parent for a given gene.

What is the maximum number of copies an unaffected individual is expected to have?

In a diploid organism, an individual carries two alleles for each gene, one inherited from each parent. Therefore, the maximum number of copies of alleles that an unaffected individual is expected to have is two.

Diploid Organism: Humans and many other organisms are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent). This includes two copies of each gene.

Alleles: Alleles are different versions of a gene that can occupy the same position (locus) on a chromosome. For any given gene, an individual inherits one allele from each parent.

For example, if a gene for eye color has alleles "B" and "b," an individual might inherit "B" from one parent and "b" from the other.

Number of Alleles in a Population: The question mentions that there are eight alleles in the population. This means that, for a particular gene, there are eight different variations or versions (alleles) present in the entire group of individuals.

Number of Copies in an Unaffected Individual: Since an individual is diploid, they have two copies of each gene. Therefore, for a gene with eight alleles in the population, an unaffected individual is expected to have a maximum of two copies.

They covert carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into carbohydrates.

Final answer:

Wilted plants regain firmness through osmosis, which restores turgor pressure when water enters the cells, counteracting plasmolysis and providing structural support.

Explanation:

During osmosis, wilted plants become firm as water is absorbed into the plant cells, increasing turgor pressure. This pressure stiffens the cell walls and enables the plant to stand upright. In a dehydrated plant, the extracellular fluid becomes hypertonic, causing water to leave the plant cells and resulting in wilting. When the plant is watered, the environment becomes hypotonic, water enters the cells due to the slightly hypertonic nature of the cytoplasm, and turgor pressure is restored. Nonwoody plants rely on this turgor pressure for structural support. If a plant remains without water for too long, plasmolysis can occur, where the cell membrane detaches from the non-flexible cell wall as water leaves, exacerbating the wilting condition. Providing adequate water to the plant will reverse plasmolysis, restore turgor pressure, and return the plant to a firmer state.

Answer:

B. RFID.

Explanation:

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is designed to replace conventional barcode scanning. Bar code reading requires the reader's approach to the code, with exact angle and interpretation time. Basically it is the same used in supermarkets and various stores.

RFID reading technology utilizes short-range communication that can be automatically read by sensors when passing the RF tag carrier. Same task more efficiently, less time and greater accuracy. That is, this technology allows radio signals to send and receive information.

Answer:

Both the parents must be the carrier of recessive genes along with dominant gene

Explanation:

Recessive genes are genes that are expressed only when two recessive alleles are inherited from the parents.

A dominant gene is expressed in two cases a) when two dominant alleles are inherited or b) when one dominant and one recessive allele are inherited.

since parents have normal fur color but they are producing white fur coloured deer  (Albinitic offsprings)  this means that both of the parents must be the carrier of recessive genes.

Let the allele for “normal fur colour” be expressed by C

Allele for “white fur color” be expressed by c.  

Both the parents have heterozygous dominant gene (which is carrier if recessive allele "c"), thus their genotype would be Cc

Let see the punnet square below -

C c

C CC Cc

c Cc cc

Out of the four offspring’s produced only  “cc” represents white fur deer.