Answer:
Genetic engineering has its grass roots from the recombinant technology.
Explanation:
Genetic engineering is seen to have started from a scientists activity which involved restriction enzymes and DNA ligases that were used by Paul Berg in 1972 to create the first recombinant DNA molecules. A monkey virus which is SV40 was combined with a lambda one. Following that, the results of the experiment and attempts were further investigated by other scientists and later, the first plant that underwent genetic engineering was the plant tobacco.
What is one condition that must be met for a population to be in genetic equilibrium?
A.
There is a high mutation rate.
B.
There is no genetic drift.
C.
There is a large amount of gene flow.
D.
There is nonrandom mating.
Answer:
B. There is no genetic drift.
Explanation:
For a population to be in genetic balance it is necessary that, in this population, no genetic drift occurs. This can be explained through the Hardy-Weinberg balance.
According to the Hardy-Weinberg balance, for a population to reach genetic equilibrium, it is necessary that mutations do not occur in this population, natural selection does not occur, does not occur, does not occur gene flow, occurs random crosses and no genetic drift occurs.
Genetic drift is a term used to describe a suture that causes a strong change in the genotype of a population, resulting in a low genetic variability among individuals that will have to undergo selection pressure.
Which level of biodiversity involves variations within a single population? A)genetic. B)species. C)ecosystem
Answer: The answer would be B) species
Explanation: A single population can have multiple genetic variations, there for this would be a species. Such as a species of bird can have many differences but, it is still a bird.
Genetic biodiversity involves variations within a single population and is essential for adaptation and survival of a species in various environmental conditions.
Explanation:The level of biodiversity that involves variations within a single population is genetic biodiversity. Genetic diversity or variation is the raw material for adaptation in a species, and the future potential for adaptation depends on the genetic diversity held in the genomes of the individuals in populations that make up the species. An example of population variation is the geographic distribution of different phenotypes in a population.
For instance, warm-blooded mammals living near the poles tend to larger compared to those living in the south in order to conserve heat. This type of diversity aids in the evolution and survival of a species in different environments, allowing for a variety of responses to environmental pressures and diseases.
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Noah wants to show the largest source of carbon on Earth for his school project. According to his research, in which form is most of the carbon on Earth stored?
I'm not sure what they exactly mean by "form" but,
Most carbon is stored in the ocean in sediments. These sediments and rocks develop from the hard shells and body parts of marine organisms that have absorbed the carbon in the water. When they die, their bodies sink to the ocean floor, and the hard parts break down into sediment, which later are formed into sedimentary rocks.
When in contact with water that is acidic carbon dissolves and will precipitate out as sediment such as calcium carbonate (limestone). This cycling between solution and precipitation is the background against which more rapid parts of the cycle occur.
So, it should be sediments, but it could also be calcium carbonate..
Answer:
The majority of carbon is present in the dissolved state in the ocean and in the limestone rocks on the ocean floor.
Explanation:
Carbon is one of the main greenhouse gas that is emitted mainly from the volcanic eruptions and burning of fossil fuels. Some amount is released by the living organisms during respiration.
This carbon is then transported from the atmosphere to the lithosphere through the rainfall (precipitation). This atmospheric carbon when reacts with the water, it forms a weak acid which is commonly known as Carbonic acid. This acid-containing water reacts with water undergoing chemical weathering releasing ions such as, calcium, magnesium, sodium, which are further carried bu the rivers to the oceans.
These calcium ions then react with bicarbonate ions, thereby forming calcium carbonate. In addition to this, they are also formed by organisms that are comprised of hard shells. These organisms when they die, they sink and accumulate at the bottom of the ocean floor. With the increase in time, these shell layers combine with sediments forming carbonate rock called limestone in which the carbon is stored.
Your biology teacher has asked you to do the impossible! You must measure the diameter of one algal cell. You are about to turn in a blank lab report when your friend Mel comes along and says it is an easy task. First he shows you how to compute the diameter of your field of view. At 40X, your field of view is .50 mm or 500 um. If you look carefully you count 15 algal cells spanning the field of view.
The diameter of one algal cell is approximately
Answer: The answer is 33.3 .......D .....as just divide 500 by 15.....so you get the answer !!!
Answer: D. 33.3 um
Explanation: usatestprep approved
Define the following terms: Homologous structures, Vestigial structures, Analogous structures,
Convergent evolution, Divergent evolution, Speciation, Biogeography, Gradualism, Punctuated
Equilibrium, Coevolution.
How do fossils show evidence of evolution? What can we discover by looking at fossils in laverso
Hi!
I can do Homologous structures and vestigial structures
Homologous structures are similar bone structures in very different species, like whales and bats. We use this to see how we evolved alongside other animals with the same common ancestor.
Vestigial structures are structures we don't need anymore, like our tailbone. We can use these to tell how our ancestors lived and what they needed to survive.
Hope this helps!
Final answer:
Convergent evolution involves unrelated species developing similar traits, while divergent evolution involves related species developing different traits, often leading to speciation. Homologous structures indicate common ancestry, and vestigial structures are remnants of once-functional traits in ancestors. Common misconceptions include misconstruing evolution as unproven, believing it occurs in individuals or has a predetermined direction.
Explanation:
Convergent and Divergent Evolution:
Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species evolve similar traits due to having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches. An example is the development of wings in both birds and bats, which both evolved for flight, yet these animals are not closely related. Divergent evolution is the opposite process, where related species evolve different traits. It often occurs when populations of a species become isolated, leading to the development of new species — a process known as speciation.
Homologous and Vestigial Structures:
Homologous structures are body parts in different species that have a similar structure, but not necessarily a similar function, indicating a common ancestry. An example would be the bones in the forelimbs of humans and bats. Vestigial structures are remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor but are no longer functional or have reduced function in the modern descendants. The human appendix is a commonly cited example.
Misconceptions About the Theory of Evolution:
One common misconception is that evolution is just a theory and not proven, when in fact, it is a well-supported scientific framework. Another misconception is that individuals evolve, whereas evolution occurs over generations and affects populations rather than individuals. Lastly, evolution is often mistakenly believed to have a predetermined direction or goal, but it is a natural process that responds to environmental pressures without specific end goals.
Someone please help I promise to mark brianelst!!
Answer:
Diffusion
Explanation:
Answer:
I believe it is diffusion
Explanation:
Diffusion maintains homeostasis most likely like that out of the other options.
which organisms are single-celled and lack a nucleus
Answer: Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus. They also lack other membrane-bound organelles.
Your family is driving across the country to the Grand Canyon. What type of pollution is your car producing?
A. Agriculture source
B. Mobile source
C. Stationary source
D. Natural source
Answer:
The correct answer would be Option B, Mobile Source.
Explanation:
Your family is driving across the country to the Grand Canyon, Air Pollution or Mobile Pollution is produced by your car.
Air pollution is the pollution generated by the Gas emission, Chemical emission, Car Emission, Dust, etc. This pollution consists of solid particles and gases. Air Pollution is very dangerous as it directly affects the Ozone layer.
As the car is moving, so the car is generating the Air pollution, which is considered a mobile source, because car is travelling from one place to another and emitting air pollution where ever it is going.
Chargaff discovered that in DNA extracted from organisms, the amounts of guanine and cytosine are roughly the same, and the amounts of adenine and thymine are roughly the same. Why was this discovery important?
It acted as a catalyst towards the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA by Watson & Crick. It showed that G pairs C while A pairs with T as a rule. He also noticed that the percentages of G-C and A-T pairs differed between species hence this corroborated the understanding that DNA, rather than proteins, is the genetic material in cells.
Erwin Chargaff's discovery was immensely important because it led to the formulation of Chargaff's rules.
These rules state that in any given DNA sample, the amount of adenine (A) is equal to the amount of thymine (T), and the amount of cytosine (C) is equal to the amount of guanine (G).
The significance of these findings lies in the fact that they provided a critical clue for the double-helix structure of DNA, which was later proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick.
Here is a step-by-step explanation of why Chargaff's discovery was important:
Discovery of Equal Quantities: Chargaff found that the quantities of A and T, and G and C, were always equal in the DNA of different organisms. This was a significant observation because it indicated a specific pairing mechanism.Formation of Complementary Base Pairing: The equal quantities led to the hypothesis that A pairs with T, and G pairs with C. This complementary base pairing is a cornerstone of the DNA structure.Foundation for the Double-Helix Model: These findings directly supported Watson and Crick's development of the double-helix model of DNA, illustrating how the bases pair to maintain the consistent helical structure.Consistency Across Species: Chargaff's rules also highlighted that while the overall ratios of A+T to G+C can vary across species, the equality of A with T and G with C is maintained, suggesting a universal structural principle in DNA.A key difference between green algae and land-based plants is that
Answer:
alge can be unicellular or multi-cellular
land based plants are multi-cellular
Explanation:
Answer:
Algae are a unicellular body found in water while land plants are the multicellular body.
Explanation:
Algae are aquatic organisms with the unicellular body that have the ability to perform photosynthesis. They are not differentiated in leaves, stems, and roots. They found generally underwater.
Land plants are multicellular differentiated into stem, leaves, and roots and connective tissue also found in them.
Thus, the key difference in algae and land plants is that the algae are unicellular while land plants are multicellular.
How do organisms typically come to live on newly formed volcanic islands?
A.They appear there randomly due to abiogenesis in order to fill the empty niches present
B. Seeds or animals get blown over in storms or pushed over through the ocean tides
C.They evolve from volcanic archea and bacteria on the island over millions of years
D.They travel there to get the beneficial and nutrient rich volcanic soil
A planet has an average distance to the sun of 3.36 AU. In two or more complete sentences, explain how to calculate the the orbital period of the planet and calculate it.
Answer:
You can check this calculation by setting the masses to 1 Sun and 1 Earth, and the distance to 1 astronomical unit (AU), which is the distance between the Earth and the Sun. You will see an orbital period close to the familiar 1 year.
Explanation:
Answer:
The orbital period of the planet is 6.16 years.
Explanation:
A planet has an average distance to the sun of 3.36 AU i.e. a = 3.36 AU
[tex]1\ AU=1.496\times 10^{11}\ m[/tex]
or [tex]3.36\ AU=3.36\times 1.496\times 10^{11}\ m[/tex]
i.e. average distance, [tex]a=5.02\times 10^{11}\ m[/tex]
If we want to calculate the orbital period of the planet, it can be calculated using Kepler's third law as :
[tex]T^2\propto a^3[/tex]
[tex]T^2=\dfrac{4\pi^2}{GM}a^3[/tex]
Where
M = mass of sun
G = universal gravitational constant
[tex]T^2=\dfrac{4\pi^2}{6.67\times 10^{-11}\times 1.98\times 10^{30}}\times (5.02\times 10^{11})^3[/tex]
[tex]T=\sqrt{(3.78\times 10^{16})}[/tex]
T = 194422220.952 seconds
Since, [tex]1\ Year=3.2\times 10^7\ seconds[/tex]
So, T = 194422220.952 seconds = 6.16 years
Hence, the orbital period of the planet is 6.16 years.
The graph shows how much it costs to feed enough dairy cattle to produce 100 pounds of milk in two different places which statement best explains the data
Answer:
A. New Zealand farmers have access to larger areas of pastureland.
Explanation:
What would best explain the difference in costs?
Let's examine each proposed answer and see if it makes sense:
A. New Zealand farmers have access to larger areas of pastureland.
Yes, makes sense. It's true that NZ farmers have access to more pastureland than those in California, since the population density is less in NZ than in California, and its more humid. That has as consequence that they need to purchase less grain for their cows.
B. Milk in California is more concentrated than milk in New Zealand.
Nope, even if California is dryer, the milk doesn't come out as dry milk.
C. Cows in New Zealand are more efficient at producing milk.
They might be a more efficient species of cows.... but that wouldn't explain such a large gap in costs.
D. New Zealand farmers feed their cattle more expensive grain.
If it was true, their costs would be higher than those in California... it's the opposite.
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
11. The most important advantage an adaptation gives a living thing is to help it to survive in order that it
may
a. kill
c. eat
b. reproduce
d. grow
12. Albino (white-haired) deer that are born in forest surroundings will probably
a. survive better
c. be eaten
b. reproduce
d. adapt
13. A trait that makes an individual different from others in its species is
a. a variation
c. an adaptation
b. competition
d. selection
14. A mutation is helpful depending on whether it makes the living thing,
a. larger
c. better adapted
b. smaller
d. another color
15. The theory of evolution by natural selection was developed by
a. Pasteur
c. Darwin
b. Mendel
d. Hooke
Many scientists believe that, over time, the horse changed from a small animal to the large one we know
today. These scientists would say that the horse
a. evolved
c. fossilized
b. cloned
d. did not adapt
Rabbits are rivals for food and shelter. This is an example of
a. selection
c. competition
d. evolution
b. mutation
TITT
17.
IN
"
Answer:
11B (reproduce). 12C (be eaten). 13A (variation). 14C (better adapted). 15C (Darwin). 16A (evolved). 17C (competition).
Explanation:
11 - The key principle underlying evolution by natural selection is that traits are only passed on if the organism survives long enough to reporduce. An adaptation that increases its likelihood of survival will therefore increase the chance it will reproduce.
12 - Deer rely on their brown fur to remain camouflaged in the forest so that predators can't see them. A white deer will stand out and will be seen by predators and eaten.
13 - This is the definition of variation. The variation becomes an adaptation if it actually benefits the organism in some way in its environment. A variation could also be neutral (doesn't affect the organism) or deleterious (bad).
14 - See previous question.
15 - Darwin developed the theory.
16 - This is describing the process of evolution.
17 - This is an example of competition.
Plz help me with this I will mark brainliest
Answer:
2) cardiac muscle
3) Adipose
4) Epithelial tissue
5) connective
6) bone
7) Cartilage
8) blood
9) Skeletal muscle
10) nervous tissue
11) muscle tissue
Explanation:
Explanation:
1-
2-
3-
4-a
5-c
8-b
9
10-h
11-j
sorry i can't give you many more i did as best i could but they are correct
Through what process can special interest groups and businesses influence the government?
A- protests
B- lobbying
C-tax payments
D- passing a new bill
Through lobbying special interest groups and businesses can influence the government.
What is lobbying?Lobbying is a useful business tactic for influencing government decision making, particularly for businesses facing threats such as a tax hike or a new policy that could damage their product or service. Lobbying gives businesses a voice to influence the policies and regulations that matter to their business.
Lobbying is the act of attempting to influence business and government leaders to create legislation or conduct an activity that will help a particular organization.
Lobbying is also a much-needed mechanism and method that smoothens the interface between the government and the business. Indeed, without lobbying, there would be a “dialogue of the deaf” wherein the government and the business worlds would be talking within themselves without any meaningful conversation.
The correct answer is option B.
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B. lobbying
Special interest groups and businesses can influence the government primarily through the process of lobbying (option B). Lobbying involves individuals or groups advocating for specific policies, legislation, or regulatory changes to lawmakers and government officials. Lobbyists may engage in various activities, such as meeting with legislators, providing information and research, organizing events, and offering campaign contributions. Through these efforts, special interest groups and businesses seek to shape public policy decisions in their favor, often by promoting their interests or agendas. While protests (option A) can also raise awareness and pressure the government, lobbying is a more direct and organized means of influencing decision-makers. Tax payments (option C) are a requirement for individuals and businesses but do not directly influence government policy. Passing a new bill (option D) is a legislative process that may be influenced by lobbying efforts but is not a method by which interest groups and businesses directly exert influence.
Using the image below, match items A, B, C, D, and E with the correct term.
Answer:
A. Hydrogen Bond
B. Adenine
C. Guanine
D. Thymine
E. Cytosine
Explanation:
The double helix is held together in the middle by hydrogen bonds that connect the different bases together. There are 4 bases that make up a DNA, guanine, cytosine, thymine and adenine. Each base pairs up with a specific base because each of them have a distinct shape. Adenine matches up with Thymine, while Guanine matches up woth Cytosine.
Thermal vents are found at the bottom of the ocean in the benthic zone.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
T
F
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The thermal vents, or hydrothermal vents are basically fissures on the seafloor from which issues water that has been geothermally heated. The thermal vents appear at places where there's intense geological activity, such as the divergent zones, or the hotspots, where there's lot of hot magma rising up, managing to heat up the crust around it, and with the water in that crust as well, propelling it upward under high pressure. This occurs in the benthic zone. This zone of the bodies of water is the lowest, bottom part of the body water, starting from its coastline through the deepest parts, and ending at other coastline, practically covering the deepest layer at all points of the body of water.
Answer:
true
Explanation:
The map shows the distribution of wild boars in the united states. wild boars are an invasive species to the united states
Wild boars have established successfully in areas with warm climates.
Answer is third choice
Which skin layer adds cushion?
epidermis
dermis
fatty tissue
I would say the best answer would be Fatty tissue because the epidermis is the outer layer of skin and the dermis is under this epidermis but it is the connective tissue. Let me know if that's right then.
~Keaura/Cendall
Can someone please help me!
Answer:
1. Ggbb- grey hair, red eyes ggBB- white hair, black eyes ggbb- white hair, red eyes GgBb- grey hair, black eyes
Explanation:
I don't know the rest but that's #1... sorry. That's as much as I can help you :(
Describe what a mutation is and how it can occur
Answer:
when a new creature is made due to the cause of chemicals i believe
Explanation:
Mutations can occur by the cause of natural exposure of an organism to certain environmental factors, such as ultraviolet light and chemical carcinogens.
An acid is a(n) _____.
a molecule of other entity that can donate a proton or accept an electron pair in reactions.
Answer:
many scientists have given may definition of an Acid
Bronsted-Lowry theory stated that an acid are the donor of proton and bases are acceptors of a proton.
According to Lewis Acid theory: An Acid is one which can accept an electron to form a covalent bond.
According to Arrhenius Acid: Acid is one in which H⁺ concentration is more than OH⁻
Match the changed nucleotide sequences to the mutations that cause them.
The question asks to identify and analyze different types of DNA mutations and predict their effects on the amino acid sequence of proteins. This requires understanding the genetic code and the types of mutations like missense, nonsense, silent, and frameshift mutations, and constructing complementary DNA and mRNA sequences.
The Biology question involves comparing and analyzing various types of mutations by working with changes in DNA sequences and understanding their impact on protein synthesis. This involves several steps, including constructing complementary DNA strands, transcribing template strands to mRNA, and translating the mRNA to determine the resulting amino acid sequences.
Example Answer for Part d (Mutation Types):
Transition at nucleotide 11: This would result in a missense mutation, changing one amino acid in the resulting protein.
Transition at nucleotide 13: Like the first, this is also likely to be a missense mutation, but the effect depends on the specific nucleotides involved and the genetic code.
Single nucleotide deletion at nucleotide 7: This could cause a frameshift mutation, likely altering the entire amino acid sequence beyond the point of deletion.
T to A change at nucleotide 15: Depending on the context in the genetic code, this could be a silent mutation if it does not change the amino acid, a missense mutation if it changes the amino acid, or a nonsense mutation if it creates a stop codon.
Addition of ACC after nucleotide 6: Adding nucleotides can also result in a frameshift mutation, potentially altering the downstream amino acid sequence.
Transition at nucleotide 9: The outcome of this would again depend on the genetic code and could be a silent, missense, or nonsense mutation.
Overall, these mutations reflect different mechanisms by which DNA can be altered, and these alterations can significantly impact the structure and function of proteins synthesized by the cell.
What happens when pressure in the chest cavity becomes greater than atmospheric pressure
you die....that's what happens....or if you want the more gradic answer than, your chest explodes into a million pieces and your guts go flying everywhere. :)
Prokaryotes can take up genetic material from each other without reproducing or even being closely related in a phenomenon called
A. parasitism.
B. abiogenesis.
C. ribosomal uptake.
D. horizontal gene transfer.
Answer:
(D). horizontal gene transfer.
Explanation:
HGT (horizontal gene transfer) is a process of lateral gene transfer, which involves transfer of genetic material between organisms other than from parent to offspring.
In prokaryotes, horizontal gene transfer occurs through conjugation, transduction, and transformation.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Answer:
D. horizontal gene transfer.
Explanation:
Option D. is the correct answer choice as I completed the same Penn Foster exam with a grade of 100%.
Can someone please answer my questions
Answer:
What question.
Explanation:
You have to write your question for it to be answered
How many molecules of ATP are produced as a result of the Krebs cycle?
A. 9
B. 1
C. 2
D. 6
Answer:
C: 2
Explanation:
The Krebs Cycle produces two molecules of ATP for every molecule of glucose or sugar.
Answer:
(C). 2.
Explanation:
Krebs cycle can be defined as a cyclic reaction, which involves generation of energy by oxidation of aceyl coenzyme A, derived from complex compounds, such as glucose. In eukaryotes, Krebs cycle takes place inside the mitochondria.
It is used by most of the living cells to generate energy during aerobic respiration. Two molecules of ATP are formed in each cycle of Krebs cycle.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
(!!FIRST TO ANSWER GETS BRAINLIEST PLEASE HELP!!))
1. A good way for a lizard to conserve its body heat in cold, windy weather would be to
A. Retreat to an underground burrow.
B. bask in the sun on an exposed rock.
C. sit in the shade of a tree.
D. submerge in a pond.
2. An endotherm is an animal that
A. Regulates its body temperature by staying in the sun.
B.Regulates its body temperature by living underground.
C. Regulates its body temperature partly by generating its own body heat.
D. Does not regulate its body temperature.
Answer:
1) B
2) C
Can you Mark me as the Brainliest??
1. A lizard is cold blooded. This means that it rely on its surroundings to regulate it's body temp. Normally if a lizard needs warmth they rely on the sun, but in the cold months in many places the heat from the sun isn't enough to be a counter effect of the cold/wind. Sometimes the sun isn't even out at all. Because of this it will A. Retreat to an underground burrow to keep warm
2. Endotherm animal is another name for warm-blooded (mammals are a great example of endotherm animals). If you think of your self, a human (at least I hope you are...) then you don't have to worry about the external temperature regulating your internal temp. You don't have to stay in the sun to keep warm or live underground (D. is just ridiculous that it should be obvious that it isn't the answer, so I'm not even going to talk about it). Your body, and all other endotherm animals generate their own body heat, therefore the answer is C.
Hope this helped!
Short-term climate changes have been linked to changes in the number of _____.
continents
sunspots
solar storms
solar flares
Answer: I believe it's either continents or sunspots I could be wrong
Explanation: