What was the main cause of the 8 civil wars that were fought in france between 1562 and 1598?

Answers

Answer 1

he Massacre of Vassy, as this became known, provoked open hostilities between the two religions. The Bourbons, led by the prince of Condé, and proclaiming that they were liberating the king and regent from ‘evil’ councillors, organised a kind of protectorate over the Protestant churches and began to seize and garrison strategic towns along the Loire. Although the Huguenots had begun to mobilise for war before Vassy[17], Condé used the massacre as evidence that the Edict had been broken lending further weight to his campaign, and as hostilities broke out, the Edict was in fact revoked, under pressure from the Guise faction.

The major engagements of the war occurred at Rouen, Dreux and Orléans. At the Siege of Rouen (May-October 1562), the crown regained the city at the cost of Antoine de Navarre, who died of his wounds. The Battle of Dreux (December 1562), saw the capture of Condé by the Guises and Montmorency, the governor general, by the Bourbons. In February 1563, at the Siege of Orléans, Francis, Duke of Guise was shot and killed by the Huguenot Poltrot de Méré; the Guise considered this an assassination on the orders of the duke’s enemy, Admiral Coligny, as it was outside of direct combat. The popular unrest caused by the 'assassination', coupled with the fact that Orléans was holding out in the siege, led Catherine to mediate a truce and the Edict of Amboise (1563).

he "Armed Peace" (1563–67) and the "second" war (1567–68)

The Edict of Amboise was generally regarded as unsatisfactory by all concerned, the Guise faction being particularly opposed to what they saw as dangerous concessions to heretics. Nonetheless the crown looked to re-unite the two factions in its efforts to re-capture Le Havre which had been occupied by the English as part of the Treaty of Hampton Court between the Huguenot leaders and Elizabeth I. The English were successfully expelled that July and the next month Charles IX declared his legal majority, ending Catherine de' Medici’s regency. His mother continued to play a principal role in politics, however, and she joined her son on a Grand Tour of the kingdom between 1564 and 1566, designed to reinstate crown authority.

Reports of iconoclasm in Flanders led Charles IX to lend support to the Catholics there, leading to fears among the French Huguenots of a Catholic re-mobilisation against them. Philip II of Spain’s reinforcement of the strategic corridor from Italy north along the Rhine added to these fears and political discontent grew. Protestant troops then made an unsuccessful attempt to capture and take control of King Charles IX in the Surprise of Meaux, a number of cities, such as La Rochelle, declared themselves for the Huguenot cause and Catholics, both laymen and clergy, were massacred the following day in Nîmes in what became known as the Michelade.

This provoked the Second War, the main military engagement of which was the Battle of Saint-Denis where the crown’s commander-in-chief and lieutenant general, the seventy-four year old Anne de Montmorency died. The war was brief, ending in another truce, the Peace of Longjumeau (March 1568), which granted significant religious freedoms and privileges to Protestants.
The "third" war (1568–70)

In reaction to the Peace, Catholic confraternities and leagues sprang up across the country in defiance of the law throughout the summer of 1568. Huguenot leaders such as Condé and Coligny fled court in fear of their lives, many of their followers were murdered, and in September the Edict of Saint-Maur revoked the Huguenots' freedom to worship. In November William of Orange led an army into France in order to support his fellow Protestants, but the army being poorly paid, he accepted the crown’s offer of money and free passage to leave the country.

Nevertheless the Huguenots gathered together a formidable army under the command of Condé, aided by forces from south-east France, led by Paul de Mouvans, and a contingent of fellow Protestant militias from Germany — including 14,000 mercenary reiters led by the Calvinist Duke of Zweibrücken.[18] After the Duke was killed in action, his troops remained under the employ of the Huguenots who had raised a loan from England against the security of the queen of Navarre’s crown jewels [19]. Much of the Huguenots' financing came from Queen Elizabeth of England, who was likely influenced in the matter by Sir Francis Walsingham.[18] The Catholics were commanded by the Duke d'Anjou (later King Henry III) and assisted by troops from Spain, the Papal States and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.[20]
The Protestant army laid siege to several cities in the Poitou and Saintonge regions (to protect La Rochelle), and then Angoulême and Cognac. At the Battle of Jarnac (16 March 1569), the prince of Condé was killed, forcing Admiral de Coligny to take command of the Protestant forces, nominally on behalf of Condé’s 15 year old son, Henry, and the sixteen-year old Henry

Related Questions

What route was used in the late 1700s and early 1800s to cross part of the appalachian mountains in tennessee and kentucky?

Answers

The answer is "The Wilderness Road".

In 1775, Daniel Boone pioneered a trail through the Cumberland Gap– a notch in the Appalachian Mountains situated close to the crossing point of Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee– through the inside of Kentucky and to the Ohio River. Known as the Wilderness Road, the trail would fill in as the pathway toward the western United States for some 300,000 pilgrims throughout the following 35 years. Boone's way prompted the foundation of the primary settlements in Kentucky– including Boonesboro and to Kentucky's admission to the Union as the fifteenth state in 1792.

Based on Frederick’s assumption about Maria Theresa, at the outset of the War of the Austrian Succession, what conclusions can you draw about how men viewed women in 1700s Europe?

Answers

Final answer:

In the 1700s, men in Europe viewed women as weak and unfit for positions of power.

Explanation:

In the 1700s, men's views of women in Europe can be understood through Frederick's assumption about Maria Theresa at the outset of the War of the Austrian Succession. Frederick believed that Maria Theresa, as a woman, would be weak and inexperienced in ruling, which led him to question her legitimacy as a ruler and prompted him to invade her territory. This assumption reflects the prevailing belief among men in the 1700s that women were unfit to hold positions of power and were seen as inferior to men in terms of political and intellectual capabilities.

More than 75% of university-educated professionals from Central America and the Caribbean live abroad. true or false

Answers

the answer is false!

False,It's not true 75% of university-educated professionals from Central America and the Caribbean did not live abroad

After winning office in 1828, andrew jackson shortened the name of his party to ________, signaling that it was a new kind of political party organization.

Answers

He founded the democratic party, separating its beliefs from that of the democratic-republican party that existed prior to this. This party is the oldest political party. It was originally based on social conservatism and economic liberalism. Populism was also a primary characteristic of this political party.

Answer: Democratic Party

Explanation:

During the contested election of 1824, followers of Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams began calling themselves National Republicans, and backers of Andrew Jackson emerged as Democratic Republicans. By the election of 1828, the Jacksonian's had become known simply as the Democrats.

Which letter indicates the area that represents the size of the Mongol Empire at its greatest extent?

Answers

The letter that indicates the area that represents the size of the Mongol Empire at its greatest is A

The answer would be Moscow!

How does a policy such as "Russification" lead to increased nationalism?
a.It makes people feel like a part of an occupying nation.
b.It enables people to understand the culture and language of their leaders.
c.It prompts people to fight for their own cultural and national identity.
d.It makes people disenchanted with their own culture and language.

Answers

the answer is c,
It prompts people to fight for their own cultural and national identity.

hope this helped :)

The correct answer is C.

Russification is a term which describes the manner through which non-Russian communities were forced to give up their cultural characteristics and to adopt the Russian ones. It comprised both official and unofficial policies that ocurred both during the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union era.

Such approach based on imposition triggered rebellion feelings among those subjected communities that did not have a say and had to abandon their beliefs and cultural manifestations to adopt foreign ones.

Who were the temperance reformers? why do you think they became active in the 1820s and 1830s?

Answers

The temperance reformers were part of the temperance movement that was a social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages that began in around the 1820s. The preacher Lyman Beecher and the minister and professor of theology John Edgar were one of the temperance reformers.
They became active in the 1820s and 1830s because in that period, after the American revolution when many economic and social problems occurred as a result of rapid inflation, the widespread drinking became a way of life.

Read the excerpt below and answer the question.

“Oh, my Lord!” cried Marjorie in desperation. “You little nut! Girls like you are responsible for all the tiresome colorless marriages; all those ghastly inefficiencies that pass as feminine qualities. What a blow it must be when a man with imagination marries the beautiful bundle of clothes that he’s been building ideals round, and finds that she’s just a weak, whining, cowardly mass of affectations!”

In this excerpt from “Bernice Bobs Her Hair,” how does Marjorie’s language reflect her character? Select all that apply.

It is harsh and critical like her personality.
Bold exclamations emphasize her passionate attitude.
Insults hint at the jealousy she feels toward her cousin.
Large and descriptive words show her intelligence.

Answers

It is harsh and critical like her personality and bold exclamations emphasize her passionate attitude.

The correct answers are:

- It is harsh and critical like her personality;

- bold exclamations emphasize her passionate attitude.

NEED ANSWER ASAP PLEASE!!!

The graph shows the percentage of business-related jobs that deal with big data from November 2014 through September 2015. If the trends continue, what is likely to be the percentage of jobs related to big data by 2020?
Question 2 options:

less than 10%

15% to 20%

20% to 25%

25% to 30%

more than 30%

Answers

I'm almost certain the answer is more than 30%

Answer:

30%

Explanation:

Why did constantine legalize christianity?

Answers

History isn't actually quite sure why Constantine decided to convert the Roman religion to Christianity.
History can prove multiple guesses as to why, so I'll list a few of them:

Constantine converted for political purposes:
Frankly, this just confuses me. Constantine converted to Christianity indeed, but he would've had nothing to gain from this. Before he converted, Christians were hated, as well as Christianity. There was definitely more of a downside than an upside.

Constantine converted because he personally believed in Christianity.
This theory is logical. Constantine's father wasn't like him, meaning he made no attempts to support Christianity, so Constantine would've had to have been influenced by someone else. At that time, the silk road was blooming and thriving, and missionaries from all religions traveled to other nations/empires through the use of that trade route, including Christian Missionaries. It seems likely that Constantine was influenced by one of these missionaries at a young age, and became a believer in Christianity from then-on.
Later on, there was at least 1 priest in his private circle (most trusted friends/advisors).

The most likely reason is that Constantine was indeed a believer of Christianity, which is why he legalized it.

~Hope this helps m8

The first French troops sent to help the colonists fought against the British in:
A) Charlotte
B) Savannah
C) Richmond
D) Charleston
Apex
Thank you!

Answers

B, Savannah, Apex. That's where

Answer:

B) Savannah

Explanation:

Savannah is a city in the coast of the South Carolina and it was the first place where the French sent troops to fight against the British in the colonies, and started the fight between the French and the British for the colonization of North America,

One of the problems faced by many newly independent nations was

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Many problems faced by many newly independent nations and one of it was violence between ethnic groups. There are various of violence now happening in many ethnic groups around the world. May of the independent nations was facing the problems of violence between ethnic groups in their country.

explain the connection between jingoism and McKinley’s foreign policy

Answers

McKinley and Imperialism The McKinley administration was known for economic prosperity and the growth and influence of business in American politics.

Answer: The correct answer is that both of this terms are meant to give their country a power of nationalism.

explanation: McKinley’s policy was meant for other countries to see the United States as a major power while jingoism is the sentiment of pride for ones country.

How did the radical republicans take control of reconstruction after johnson was impeached?

Answers

ending slavery which Johnson favored

Find the greatest possible error for the measurement 0.991 g. A. 0.001 g B. 0.1 g C. 0.005 g D. 0.0005 g ITS IN MATH SORRY xD

Answers

The correct answer would be D. 0.0005 because the difference between 0.0991 and 0.0005 is the largest of all stated answer choices.

The first centuries after the death of jesus, before emperor ________________ proclaimed religious tolerance for christians, were known as the period of persecution.

Answers

I think the word you are looking for is Constantine.

local government can use home rule in Georgia to change

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Hello Dillanmanning, local government can use home rule in Georgia to change is, local laws.

The correct answer is D) local laws.

Local government can use home rule in Georgia to change local laws.

Home rule is the government by the citizens of the city or county. Federal government decentralized an area that is administered by the state and local government. The Constitution of the state of Georgia grants cities and counties a considerable amount of authority to deal with their issues. Then, the cities and counties enact local ordinances for their governances. That is why the local government can use home rule in Georgia to change local laws.

The other options of the question were a) federal laws, b) state laws, and c) tax laws.

Who replaced the lowell mill workers when they refused in the 1830s to work until conditions improved?

Answers

Irish immigrants replaced the Lowell Mill Workers in 1937. The Lowell Mill works had went on strike three years prior due to a depression that caused a sharp decline in wages, and were successful. However, in 1937, there was a true drop in wages, and a strike did not succeed. They were then replaced by the Irish biddies.

Janet jackson was a regular on which television sitcom?

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Janet Jackson was a regular of several sitcoms. Among them was Good Times in which she played Penny Woods from 1977-1979. Her other sitcoms were Diff’rent Strokes (as Charlene Duprey), A New Kind of Family(as Jojo Ashton), and Fame (as Cleo Hewitt).

Final answer:

Janet Jackson was a regular on the television sitcom Good Times.

Explanation:

Janet Jackson was a regular on the television sitcom Good Times. Good Times was a popular sitcom that aired from 1974 to 1979 and focused on the lives of an African-American family living in a high-rise housing project in Chicago. Janet Jackson played the character Penny Gordon Woods, a young girl who was taken in by the main family.

What can we learn from primary and secondary sources?

Answers

Well primary sources are the first-hand encounter with the event, therefore you can learn the small details that may be left out on a report. Secondary sources provide an overall view of the event. It combines the stories of primary sources and gives more information by making conclusions.

I hope this helps you somehow.

Primary sources allow you to see actual evidence from the time period whereas secondary only give you the perspective of a historian

How did Jefferson’s purchase of Louisiana simultaneously contradict his theory of government and also support his idea of republicanism?

Answers

Jefferson was anit-federalist so expanding its powers by making a purchase of so much land contradicted that part of his philosophy. But it also was supported by the people of America and so would be justified by republicanism.

Answer:

Jefferson supported limited government power and was anti-federalists. Therefore, his purchase of land was against his philosophy.

Explanation:

Jefferson's believed that as per the constitution, the president does not contain any power to purchase lands. However, he purchased the land to increase the nation's power and expand his territory, which comes under the power of the governing authorities. On the other hand, some federalists were against this purchase as they claimed it was unconstitutional.

Therefore, Jefferson's action was both against his theory and in favor of republicanism.

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Nepal is different from Bhutan in that it _____.

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Nepal is different from Bhutan in that it _____.
Answer:
1. They are not same though they belong to Himalayan Region. Bhutan is of Mongolian Race.

2. Nepal is of Indo-aryan Race. (descendant of Alexandra the great.)

Why did Longstreet urge Lee not to continue the Battle of Gettysburg?

a.He thought the South would win too easily.
b.He wanted a big win on Confederate soil.
c.He figured Union positions were too strong.
d.He wanted to be the one to lead the battle.

Answers

Why did Longstreet urge Lee not to continue the Battle of Gettysburg ?

Answer: C. He figured Union positions were too strong.

Good luck and have a nice BenevolentPuppy day! :)

Answer:

c.He figured Union positions were too strong.

Explanation:

The Battle of Gettysburg was a battle of the American Civil War, fought between July 1 and 3, 1863 around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, as part of the Gettysburg campaign. It was the battle with more casualties in the United States, which is considered the turning point of the American Civil War (1861-1865) along with the site of Vicksburg; and that, in addition, marked the beginning of the Union offensive, it was a great victory for the Federal Army (Army of the Union) and a disastrous event for the Confederation.

Write a paragraph explaining one of the major principles reflected in the u.s. constitution

Answers

sorry im late but hope this helps!!!!

The U.S. Constitution was a better reflection of the principles of checks and balances and separation of powers. Unlike the Articles the Constitution explicitly created a federal government divided between 3 branches which each had the power to check and balance the behavior of the other through constitutionally granted powers. This was different from the Articles of Confederation which was essentially just a Congress. Also the powers in the constitution were separated between the three branches and each branch was given specific powers that could be checked by other branches through the process of governing.

Some of the major principles of the U.S Constitution include:

The introduction of separation of powers

The introduction of checks and balances

The inclusion of freedom and rights for all.

When the founding fathers drafted the United States Constitution, they had it in mind to make sure that there was no tyrant in public office

This led them to separate the powers of the three arms of government so that each arm can check and balance the actions of each other.

Answers

A charge in imported goods is know as tariff.

A charge in imported goods is known as a tariff. Tariffs were very controversial in the 1900's presidential debates.

Alexander the Great invaded Anatolia which today known as

Answers

the answer is turkey for sure!

Answer:

D. Turkey

Explanation:

He term _____________ was given to jackson's policy of replacing government officials with new ones when he was elected.

Answers

Spoil System. The term spoils system was made well known in a public discourse made in 1832 by Senator William Marcy. In support of President Andrew Jackson's policies, the senator stated, 'To the victor belong the spoils of the enemy.'

Which statement best describes the Enlightenment?
A.The Enlightenment was a movement that grew out of unrest in the colonies. B.The Enlightenment was a European movement that the colonists rejected.
C. The Enlightenment was a movement that Thomas Jefferson started.
D. The Enlightenment was a European movement that spread to the colonies.

Answers

The answer is D)

This is because the Enlightenment was an era based off of the ideas of many different philosophers like Locke and Rousseau who came from Europe.

The statement best describes the Enlightenment is that the Enlightenment was a European movement that spread to the colonies. Thus, option (D) is correct.

What is Enlightenment?

The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, was a cultural and intellectual movement that began in Europe. The Enlightenment was characterized by an emphasis on reason, science, and individualism.

Enlightenment thinkers challenged traditional religious, political, and social beliefs, advocating for individual freedom, democracy, and the separation of church and state. They sought to apply reason and scientific thinking to all areas of life, including politics, economics, and morality.

The Enlightenment was a European movement that spread to the colonies, is the statement that best describes the Enlightenment. Therefore, option (D) is correct.

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What was the relationship between william marcy tweed and thomas nast?

Answers

Thomas Nast was a famous caricaturist who made fun of William Marcy Tweed. Many claim that it was due to Thomas Nast's cartoons that people understood what Tweed had been doing wrong and the public turned on him. Tweed was heavily involved in many malicious acts and Nast helped bring him down.

What does the speaker identify as the major reasons to celebrate american independence?

Answers

One of the major reasons is that they should celebrate the concept that "all men are created equal." This is in comparison to the idea of nobility and earned titles from when the colonies were still under English rule. In addition, the speaker notes that other countries will soon follow in the footsteps of America and begin to assert their own types of independence.

Final answer:

The speaker, Thomas Jefferson, emphasizes natural rights, principles of equality, the necessity of consent in governance, and the crucial autonomy from British rule as major reasons to celebrate American Independence.

Explanation:

In the Declaration of Independence, the speaker, Thomas Jefferson, identifies several key reasons to celebrate American Independence. These include the pursuit and protection of natural rights such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Jefferson forms a scathing legal indictment against King George III for violating these liberties, and articulates the colonists' belief that government should protect its citizens' rights and function with the consent of the governed.

Additionally, Jefferson emphasizes the value of equality and self-governance, noting that all men are created equal. The principle of equal rights served as the foundation for the United States as a republic, creating the basis for later struggles for minority and women's rights.

Importantly, the Declaration also conveys a powerful message of independence and autonomy from British rule, inspiring similar movements around the world and shaping America's civil religion. Hence, the commemoration of Independence da radically celebrates the establishment of the United States as a free, independent nation under the principles of liberty, equality, and self-governance.

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