The maximum number of orbits in an atom is _____.
-three
-five
-seven
-nine
1) The spectrum of lithium has a red line of 670.8 nanometers. (Remember 1 m = 1 X 109 nm) a. Convert the nanometer to meter using dimensional analysis. b. Calculate the frequency of the wave. c. Calculate the energy of a photon with this wavelength.
what is the law of conservation of mass? how is it related to balancing chemical equations
Which of the following diatomic species are paramagnetic and which are diamagnetic? A blank molecular orbital diagram (Part B 1 figure) has been provided to help you.
Drag the formulas to the appropriate magnetic bin :C2^2+,Li2-,B2^2-
The diatomic species C2^2+ is diamagnetic, while the species Li2- and B2^2- are paramagnetic due to the presence of unpaired electrons.
Explanation:In chemistry, a species is paramagnetic if it has at least one unpaired electron and is diamagnetic if it has no unpaired electrons. Here, we can determine these characteristics by filling out molecular orbital diagrams and checking for unpaired electrons.
For C2^2+, two electrons are removed, making this molecule diamagnetic with no unpaired electrons. Li2- gains an electron, so it becomes paramagnetic with one unpaired electron. B2^2- gains two electrons, but it still remains paramagnetic because these two gained electrons will not pair up.
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write the equation, Aluminum metal reacts with oxygen gas to produce aluminum oxide solid.
Which metal is most likely to form more than one kind of positively charged ion? sodium (Na) barium (Ba) nickel (Ni) magnesium (Mg)
the correct answe is C - nickel (Ni)
Calculate the Cal(kcal) in 1 cup of whole milk: 12 g of carbohydrate, 9 g of fat, and 9 g of protein.
Answer:
165Kcal in a cup of whole milk
Explanation:
Hello! Let's solve this!
We know that 1g
carbohydrate = 4 Kcal
1g protein = 4Kcal
1g fat = 9Kcal
We do the conversion of each one
carbohydrates = 12g * 4Kcal * g = 48Kcal
Proteins = 9g * 4Kcal / g = 36Kcal
fat = 9g * 9Kcal / g = 81Kcal
We add all the results to have the total Kcal
48Kcal + 36Kcal + 81Kcal = 165Kcal in a cup of whole milk
Tracem-p outlines potential hazards and mechanisms of injury at a hazardous materials (hazmat) incident. the letter “t” stands for:
2. In a molecule represented by the chemical formula C6H12O6, how many atoms of each element are present?
C6H12O6 is sugar.
There are:
6 C (carbon atoms),
12 of H (hydrogen atoms),
6 of O (oxygen atoms).
Although Thomas was sitting right next to his friends in the park, he was able to smell buttered popcorn a couple of minutes before they did. He has a lower __________ for smells than his friends.
Although Thomas was sitting right next to his friends in the park, he was able to smell buttered popcorn a couple of minutes before they did. He has a lower absolute threshold for smells than his friends.
What is absolute threshold?Absolute threshold is defined as the minimum amount of stimulation required to trigger the sensation of touch, taste, smell, vision or hearing.
It can also be defined as the smallest amount of a stimulus that a person can detect half a time. It is the part of neuroscience.
Thus, although Thomas was sitting right next to his friends in the park, he was able to smell buttered popcorn a couple of minutes before they did. He has a lower absolute threshold for smells than his friends.
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A box experiences a 20 N force to the left and two different 8 N forces to the right.(A) Will accelerate to the left (B) Will accelerate to the right (C) Will not accelerate
The greater force will dominate here and the object will accelerate to the left. The net force acting on the object will be 2 N .
What is force ?Force is an external agent acting on an object to change its state of motion or rest or to deform it. There are various kinds of forces such as gravitational force, magnetic force, nuclear force etc.
According to Newton's second law of motion, force is the product of mass and acceleration. If two same or different forces acting from the same direction, they will add up together. If two forces acting from opposite direction, they will balance each other in magnitude.
Here, 20 N acts to the right and total 16 N acts to the left. Hence, 2 N net force acts to the left. Then, the box will accelerate to the left side. Hence, option B is correct.
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Buffer solution problem: Calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.30 M in HF and 0.15 M in NaF? ...?
To create a buffer solution at pH 3.0, we calculate the amount of sodium fluoride (NaF) needed using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and the molar mass of NaF. The needed base/acid ratio is 0.66, and for 100 ml of 1 M HF, we require 0.066 moles of F-, resulting in 2.767 g of NaF.
Explanation:The question involves calculating the pH of a buffer solution made from hydrofluoric acid (HF) and sodium fluoride (NaF). A buffer solution is prepared by mixing a weak acid with its conjugate base, or a weak base with its conjugate acid, which allows the solution to resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
To determine the amount of NaF needed to create a buffer at pH 3.0 with 100 ml of 1 M HF, we utilize the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, which relates the pH of the buffer solution to the pKa of the acid and the ratio of the concentrations of the conjugate base to the conjugate acid. For HF, with a Ka of 6.6 x 10-4, the required base/acid ratio is 0.66. Since 100 ml of 1 M HF contains 0.1 moles of HF, we need 0.066 moles of F-, which is the dissociated form of NaF in solution. With the molar mass of NaF being 41.99 g/mol, the amount of NaF required is 2.767 g (0.066 moles × 41.99 g/mol).
To calculate the pH of a buffer solution containing HF and NaF, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used with the known concentrations of acid and base. The molar mass of NaF aids in determining the required amount of NaF for a given buffer capacity at a specific pH.
Explanation:To calculate the pH of a solution that is 0.30 M in HF and 0.15 M in NaF, we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation since HF (hydrofluoric acid) and NaF (sodium fluoride) form a buffer system. The equation is pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]), where [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base (F- from NaF) and [HA] is the concentration of the conjugate acid (HF). Since NaF completely dissociates in water to give F- ions, the concentration of F- is 0.15 M. HF, being a weak acid, does not completely dissociate, so its concentration remains 0.30 M. However, the exact pKa value of HF is needed to complete the calculation. If we want to prepare a buffer at pH 3.0 using 100 ml of 1 M HF and NaF, the molar mass of NaF (41.99 g/mol) is used to find the amount of NaF needed to achieve the desired Base/Acid ratio of 0.66, which can be calculated to be approximately 2.767 grams of NaF.
Balance the following redox equation, using half-reactions. Assume that the reaction occurs in an aqueous solution.
Cr2O72– + NO → Cr3+ + NO3–
To balance the redox equation Cr2O72– + NO → Cr3+ + NO3–, one must write the separate oxidation and reduction half-reactions, balance atoms and charges in each, ensure electrons are equal and opposite, and then combine and simplify the equation.
Explanation:Steps to Balance the Redox Equation
To answer the question on how to balance the redox equation Cr2O72– + NO → Cr3+ + NO3– using half-reactions, we must apply the steps for balancing redox reactions in an aqueous solution. First, we write the oxidation and reduction half-reactions. In this case, Cr2O72– is reduced to Cr3+ and NO is oxidized to NO3–.
For the reduction half-reaction (Cr2O72– to Cr3+), we balance the oxygen by adding water molecules and the hydrogen by adding H+ ions (in acidic solution), then balance the charge by adding electrons. For the oxidation half-reaction (NO to NO3–), we balance the oxygen by adding water, the hydrogen by adding H+ ions, and finally, the charge by adding or removing electrons.
This process requires the balancing of atoms and charges in each half-reaction separately, and once that is done, we combine the two half-reactions and ensure that the electrons lost in oxidation equal the electrons gained in reduction. Finally, we simplify the equation by canceling out species that appear on both sides.
What kind of bond does these have?
1.tap water
2.distilled water
3.sugar
4.salt
5.salt in distilled water
6.sugar in distilled water
What is the frequency and wavelength of light that has energy of [tex]5.09 x 10^{-19} [/tex]
Light with an energy of 5.09 x 10^-19 Joules corresponds to a frequency of 7.68 x 10^14 Hz and a wavelength of 391 nm.
Explanation:The energy of light is given by Planck's formula, E = hv, where E is energy, h is Planck's constant (6.626 × 10^-34 Js) and v is the frequency. To find the frequency, we can rearrange the formula as v = E/h. This gives a frequency of v = 5.09 x 10^-19 / 6.626 x 10^-34 = 7.68 x 10^14 Hz or s^-1.
Next, we will find the wavelength using the equation c = fλ, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum (3 x 10^8 m/s), f is frequency, and λ is the wavelength. Therefore, λ = c/f = 3.00 x 10^8 / 7.68 x 10^14 = 3.91 x 10^-7 m or 391 nm. So, the given energy corresponds to light with a frequency of 7.68 x 10^14 Hz and a wavelength of 391 nm.
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The mass of 0.357 mol of gold is?
How much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of 0.367 kg of copper from 23.0 C to 60.0 C ? The specific heat of copper is 0.0920 cal/(g x C)
If 125 cal of heat is applied to a 60.0 g - piece of copper at 23.0 C, what will the final temperature be? The specific heat of copper is 0.0920 cal /(g x C)
Select the equations that are correctly balanced.
a. H2O + 2O2 → H2O2
b. Fe2O3 + 3H2 → 2Fe + 3H2O
c. Al + 3Br2 → AlBr3
d. CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
Answer:
b & d are correctly balanced. Hope this helped!
Explanation:
The 64.8-g sample of the compound X2O5 contains 48.0 g of oxygen atoms. What is the molar mass of element X?
Is mud a suspension, solution, or colloid?
In the given question, mud is a type of colloid in which particles are evenly distributed.
A colloid is a mixture in which small particles of one substance are dispersed evenly throughout another substance.
In the case of mud, small particles of dirt or clay are suspended in water, creating a mixture that is neither fully a solution nor a suspension.
The particles in mud are small enough to remain suspended in the water, but large enough to scatter light and create a cloudy appearance.
Therefore, mud is a form of colloid with evenly scattered particles.
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The Periodic Table of Elements is organized by the number of:
1.Which best explains why ionization energy tends to decrease from the top to the bottom of a group?
A.The number of orbitals decreases.
B.The number of neutrons decreases.
C.Electrons get closer to the nucleus.
D.Electrons get farther from the nucleus.
3.When electrons are removed from the outermost shell of a calcium atom, the atom becomes
A. an anion that has a larger radius than the atom.
B. an anion that has a smaller radius than the atom.
C. a cation that has a larger radius than the atom.
D. a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.
Answer:
1) Electrons get farther from the nucleus.
2) a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.
Explanation:
1) ionization energy is the energy required to remove the valence electron from an isolated gaseous atom of an element.
Thus it requires some energy to remove the electron as electrons are attracted towards nucleus (positive protons are present) due to nuclear charge.
As the size increases on moving top to bottom (due to more number of shells) the distance of electrons from the nucleus increases which decreases the effective nuclear charge on electrons, decreasing the ionization energy.
2) When an atom loses an electron it attains a positive charge and is known as cation.
A cation has smaller size than the neutral atom as the less electrons are attracted towards nucleus and thus feel more effective nuclear charge.
The answers are 1. The ionization energy tends to decrease from the top to the bottom of a group because D. Electrons get farther from the nucleus. 3. When electrons are removed from the outermost shell of a calcium atom, the atom becomes D. a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.
The correct answer for question 1 is D. Electrons get farther from the nucleus best explains why ionization energy tends to decrease from the top to the bottom of a group
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous state. As one moves down a group in the periodic table, the ionization energy tends to decrease. This is because each element down the group has an additional shell of electrons. The outermost electrons are farther from the nucleus, which means they experience a weaker effective nuclear charge. The increased distance from the nucleus and the screening effect of the inner electrons make it easier to remove an outer electron, thus decreasing the ionization energy.
The incorrect options can be explained as follows:
A. The number of orbitals increases, not decreases, as one moves down a group, which actually contributes to the decrease in ionization energy.
B. The number of neutrons generally increases as one moves down a group, but this does not directly affect the ionization energy.
C. Electrons do not get closer to the nucleus; in fact, they get farther away as additional electron shells are added, which is why the ionization energy decreases.
The correct answer for question 3 is D. a cation that has a smaller radius than the atom.
When electrons are removed from an atom, the atom becomes a cation (a positively charged ion). In the case of calcium, which has two electrons in its outermost shell, removing these electrons results in a Ca^2+ ion. Because the outermost electrons are no longer there to shield the nuclear charge, the remaining electrons are more strongly attracted to the nucleus. This causes the ion to have a smaller radius than the neutral atom.
The incorrect options can be explained as follows:
A. An anion is formed when an atom gains electrons, not when electrons are removed.
B. An anion would have a larger radius than the neutral atom because the added electrons increase repulsion and decrease the effective nuclear charge.
C. A cation has a smaller radius than the neutral atom, not a larger one, because the loss of electrons increases the effective nuclear charge, pulling the remaining electrons closer to the nucleus."
What mass of CCl4 is formed by the reaction of 5.14 g of methane with an excess of chlorine?
[tex]\boxed{{\text{49}}{\text{.224 g}}}[/tex] of [tex]{\text{CC}}{{\text{l}}_4}[/tex] is produced by the reaction of 5.14 g of methane with an excess of chlorine.
Further explanation:
Stoichiometry of a reaction is used to determine the amount of species present in the reaction by the relationship between the reactants and products. It can be used to determine the moles of a chemical species when the moles of other chemical species present in the reaction is given.
Consider the general reaction,
[tex]{\text{A}} + 2{\text{B}}\to3{\text{C}}[/tex]
Here,
A and B are reactants.
C is the product.
One mole of A reacts with two moles of B to produce three moles of C. The stoichiometric ratio between A and B is 1:2, the stoichiometric ratio between A and C is 1:3 and the stoichiometric ratio between B and C is 2:3.
Limiting reagent:
A limiting reagent is the one that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction. The amount of product formed in any chemical reaction has to be in accordance with the limiting reagent of the reaction. The amount of product depends on the amount of limiting reagent since the product formation is not possible in the absence of it.
The given reaction occurs as follows:
[tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_4}\left(g\right) + 4{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}_2}\left(g\right)\to{\text{CC}}{{\text{l}}_4}\left(g\right)+4{\text{HCl}}\left(g\right)[/tex]
It is given that chlorine is present in an excess amount so methane [tex]\left({{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_4}}\right)[/tex] is a limiting reagent and therefore it controls the amount of [tex]{\text{CC}}{{\text{l}}_4}[/tex] produced during the reaction.
The formula to calculate the amount of [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_4}[/tex] is as follows:
[tex]{\text{Amount of C}}{{\text{H}}_4} = \frac{{{\text{Given mass of C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}}}}{{{\text{Molar mass of C}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}}}}[/tex] …… (1)
The given mass of [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_4}[/tex] is 5.14 g.
The molar mass of [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_4}[/tex] is 16.04 g/mol.
Substitute these values in equation (1).
[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Amount of C}}{{\text{H}}_4} &= \left({{\text{5}}{\text{.14 g}}}\right)\left({\frac{{{\text{1 mol}}}}{{{\text{16}}{\text{.04 g}}}}}\right)\\ &= 0.32044\\&\approx{\mathbf{0}}{\mathbf{.320 mol}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
From the balanced chemical reaction, it is clear that 1 mole of [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_4}[/tex] produces 1 mole of [tex]{\text{CC}}{{\text{l}}_4}[/tex] .
So the amount of [tex]{\text{CC}}{{\text{l}}_4}[/tex] is equal to that of [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{H}}_4}[/tex] and thus the amount of [tex]{\text{CC}}{{\text{l}}_4}[/tex] is 0.320 mol.
The formula to calculate the mass of [tex]{\text{CC}}{{\text{l}}_4}[/tex] is as follows:
[tex]{\text{Mass of CC}}{{\text{l}}_4} = \left( {{\text{Moles of CC}}{{\text{l}}_4}}\right)\left({{\text{Molar mass of CC}}{{\text{l}}_4}}\right)[/tex]
…… (2)
The number of moles of [tex]{\text{CC}}{{\text{l}}_4}[/tex] is 0.320 mol.
The molar mass of [tex]{\text{CC}}{{\text{l}}_4}[/tex] is 153.82 g/mol.
Substitute these values in equation (2).
[tex]\begin{gathered}{\text{Mass of CC}}{{\text{l}}_4} = \left({{\text{0}}{\text{.320 mol}}}\right)\left({\frac{{{\text{153}}{\text{.82 g}}}}{{{\text{1 mol}}}}}\right)\\ = {\mathbf{49}}{\mathbf{.224 g}}\\\end{gathered}[/tex]
Therefore, the mass of [tex]{\text{CC}}{{\text{l}}_4}[/tex] produced is 49.224 g.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Mole concept
Keywords: stoichiometry, reactant, product, limiting reagent, CCl4, CH4, Cl2, molar mass, given mass, amount of CH4, amount of CCl4, 49.224 g, mass of CCl4, 4Cl2, 4 HCl, 5.14 g, 16.04 g/mol.
Which type of atom has the strongest attraction for electrons in bond formation? barium (Ba) chlorine (Cl) iodine (I) strontium (Sr)
Answer: Chlorine has the strongest attraction for electrons in bond formation.
Explanation:
Chlorine is highly electronegative as compared to iodine and has high electron gain enthalpy. So, it will readily accept an electron in order to complete its octet. The electronegativity decreases down the group from Cl to I, and hence the tendency to gain an electron decreases.
In case of Barium, and Strontium there are completely filled sub shells and therefore the tendency to gain an electron is the least.
Thus, it can be concluded that chlorine has the strongest attraction for electrons in bond formation.
This graph shows the concentration of the reactant A in the reaction A→B.
Determine the average rate of the reaction between 0 and 10 seconds.
0.007 M/s
0.014 M/s
0.86 M/s
0.07 M/s
Answer:
0.014 M/s
Explanation:
The rate of a reaction depends on the concentration of a particular compound and it stoichmetry coefficient. For the reaction:
aA + bB → cC +dD
The rate can be calculated:
r = -(1/a)xΔ[A]/Δt = -(1/b)xΔ[B]/Δt = (1/c)xΔ[C]/Δt = (1/d)xΔD/Δt
The minus signal for the reagents its because they are being consumed, so Δ[A] and Δ[B] will be negative, and r must be positive. Δt is the time variation.
So, for the reaction given, in t = 0, [A] =1 M, and in t= 10s, [A] = 0.86 M, then
Δ[A] = -0.14 M
r = -(Δ[A]/Δt)
r = -(-0.14/10)
r = 0.014 M/s
In a flame test experiment, Sodium gives the brightest and most persistent colour in the flame. Do you think that Potassium could be detected visually in the presence of Sodium, by heating this mixture in a flame? Explain your answer.
Yes, it is possible to visually detect the presence of potassium, even though sodium produces a brighter and more persistent color.
In a flame test experiment, the color observed in the flame is due to the excitation and subsequent relaxation of electrons in atoms or ions.
Each element has a unique set of energy levels, and when the electrons transition between these levels, they emit light of specific wavelengths, which we perceive as colors.
To enhance the visibility of potassium's flame color, one could adjust the experimental conditions, such as using a higher concentration of potassium or reducing the concentration of sodium.
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Final answer:
Potassium can be detected in the presence of sodium during a flame test by looking for its characteristic lilac color. Special equipment like spectrometers can enhance the detection of potassium's color in the flame test.
Explanation:
In a flame test experiment, when sodium is present, it can overwhelm other colors due to its bright yellow flame, which is highly persistent and intense. However, potassium can still be detected visually in the presence of sodium in a flame test. Potassium imparts a lilac color to the flame, which can be observed at the moment when the sodium's yellow emission fades, or by observing the edge of the flame where the color may be less intense. Additionally, the use of spectrometers or filters can help in better visualizing the potassium flame in the presence of sodium.
Which of the following substance is not an acid?
Substance A is tested and found to have a pH of 3.
Substance B, a common food, tastes sour.
Substance C causes metals to corrode.
Substance D feels slippery in solution.
an ore contains a mixture of zinc carbonate and lead carbonate. Zinc and lead are produced from this ore by 2 reactions.
REACTION 1: The carbonates in the ore are converted into a mixture of zinc oxide and lead oxide
Name this type of reaction. ______________________
How is this reaction done? _______________________
REACTION 2: the metals are mixed with carbon and heated in a furnace to produce zinc and lead
Explain why zinc and lead are produced ...?
Answer: the ore undergoes a decomposition reaction to convert the carbonates into metal oxides, and then a reduction reaction to produce the pure metals zinc and lead.
Explanation:
The type of reaction in which the carbonates in the ore are converted into a mixture of zinc oxide and lead oxide is called a decomposition reaction.
In this reaction, the zinc carbonate and lead carbonate compounds are broken down into their respective metal oxides, zinc oxide and lead oxide. This is achieved by heating the ore, which provides the energy needed to break the chemical bonds in the carbonates.
The decomposition reaction is represented by the following chemical equation:
ZnCO3 (zinc carbonate) → ZnO (zinc oxide) + CO2 (carbon dioxide)
PbCO3 (lead carbonate) → PbO (lead oxide) + CO2 (carbon dioxide)
The second reaction, known as reduction, involves mixing the metal oxides (zinc oxide and lead oxide) with carbon and heating them in a furnace. This process is known as smelting.
During smelting, the carbon acts as a reducing agent, meaning it removes the oxygen from the metal oxides. This reduction reaction converts the metal oxides into their respective pure metals, zinc and lead. The carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide.
The reduction reaction can be represented by the following chemical equation:
ZnO (zinc oxide) + C (carbon) → Zn (zinc) + CO (carbon monoxide)
PbO (lead oxide) + C (carbon) → Pb (lead) + CO (carbon monoxide)
Zinc and lead are produced because the smelting process separates the metal atoms from the oxygen atoms in the metal oxides. This is possible because carbon has a higher affinity for oxygen than zinc and lead do. As a result, the carbon reacts with the oxygen, leaving behind the pure metals.
On a graph, which type of line shows a direct proportion? A. upwardly curved line B. downwardly curved line C. straight line D.jagged line
Answer: Straight line
Explanation:
A straight line on the graph shows two factor that are represented on the x-axis and y-axis is directly proportional to each other.
In this condition the graph between these terms is a straight line. The term directly proportional states that if one factor is increasing then the other factor will also increase.
Example : Ohm's law, a straight line is formed when a graph is made between voltage and current as V=IR
Hence, the correct answer is option C
Atoms of which element contain 25 protons?
Atoms of manganese contains 25 protons.
An element is the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a chemical reaction or by any chemical means and made up of atoms all having the same number of protons.
The identity of an element can be traced to the number of protons in its atom. The number of protons possessed by an atom is the same as its atomic number.
Manganese is a metallic chemical element with symbol Mn and an atomic number of 25.