Biology | 50 Points !! [ I NEED HELP ASAP ]
Let’s consider a different scenario. In this case, the moths live in a forest where they have no predators. Caterpillars (which are baby moths) have a limited amount of food available to them, so they compete with other caterpillars to get enough food. Researchers have made a hypothesis that caterpillars with larger mouth parts are able to obtain food faster than those with smaller mouth parts. They believe that having larger mouth parts is a favorable trait, and that caterpillars with this favorable trait are more likely to live long enough to reproduce and pass this genetic trait on.
Using complete sentences, answer these 3 questions:
1. What data would researchers need to collect in order to start to test their hypothesis?
2. In order to see the effect of natural selection on the caterpillar population, what data would researchers need to collect later?
3. Why would researchers need to collect data at least 2 different times?
Hypothesis:
Caterpillars with larger mout parts are able to obtain food faster than those with smaller mouth parts.
1. -
For scientists to be able to test the hypothesis they need enough information which they will obtain through studies and observation. What they'll have to do is compare small-mouth caterpillars, big-mouth caterpillars and moths - they'll have to find out if the moths came from big-mouth or small-mouth caterpillars.
2. -
Scientists will have to go to the forest and look for caterpillars and observe them. If the ratio of big-mouth caterpillars is higher, it means that for now, the hypothesis is correct and that natural selection is being applied.
3. -
To assure that it wasn't a coincidence or that the mouth-size survival was due to a different factor, they'll have to collect a second wave of data, that needs to be compatible with the first one for the hypothesis to be proved correct.
Hope it helped,
BiologiaMagister
Serological testing is based on the fact that: Select one:
a. All bacteria have the same antigens.
b. Antibodies react specifically with an antigen.
c. The human body makes antibodies against bacteria.
d. Antibodies cause the formation of antigens.
e. Bacteria clump together when mixed with any antibodies.
Answer:
B. Antibodies react specifically with an antigen.
Explanation:
Serological tests are blood tests that look for antibodies in your blood. They can involve a number of laboratory techniques. Flucculation tests are based on the precipitation that takes place when antibody and specially prepared antigens are mixed together
Serological testing is a biological procedure that is largely based on the specific reaction between an antibody and an antigen. The immune system tends to produce specific antibodies to offset any detected antigens. This antibodies-antigens interaction, likened to a lock and key mechanism, is quite specific, thus forming the foundation for many serological tests.
Explanation:Serological testing, in the field of biology, is designed around the fact that antibodies react specifically with an antigen. This means option b is correct. Serology is a branch of science that studies serum, especially its reactions and properties in relation to the immune response. For instance, when a pathogen (bacteria, viruses, etc.) is detected, the immune system reacts by producing specific antibodies to counter that specific antigen (substance that induces an immune response). The interaction between antibodies and antigens is highly specific, almost like a lock and key mechanism, which forms the basis for many serological tests.
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Which of the following is the first phase of the human sexual response cycle?
a. excitement
b. plateau
c. orgasm
d. resolution
The correct answer is: a. excitement
Human sexual response cycle is a set of four phases (reactions) in human as a response to sex stimulus.
1. Excitement phase- result of physical or mental stimuli
2. The plateau phase- the period characterized by increased stimulation and increased muscle tension prior to orgasm
3. Orgasm-phase characterized by quick cycles of muscle contraction
4. The resolution phase - after orgasm characterized by the relaxation of muscles.
The first phase of the human sexual response cycle is the 'excitement' phase. This is followed by the 'plateau' phase then the 'orgasm' phase and finally the 'resolution' phase.
Explanation:The human sexual response cycle, a model proposed by Masters and Johnson, commences with the 'excitement' phase. This cycle has four phases in total: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. In the 'excitement' phase physical changes occur within the human body as a response to sexual stimulus. This includes increased heart rate blood pressure, and breathing rate. This phase is followed by the 'plateau' phase, where arousal is maintained. The 'orgasm' phase is next where the peak of sexual pleasure is experienced. The cycle concludes with the 'resolution' phase, a period of relaxation.
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How many trophic levels are there typically in a community
Typically, a community contains around four to five trophic levels - primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and occasionally, fifth level predatory consumers. However, the number may vary depending on the ecosystem's complexity.
Explanation:Typically, there can be around four to five trophic levels in a community. A trophic level represents a level in the food chain or ecological pyramid and consists of organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary energy source, which is the sun. The trophic levels include primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and quaternary consumers. Occasionally, a top level predator such as an eagle, lion, or shark may exist, representing a fifth level. However, it's important to remember that the number of trophic levels can vary depending on the complexity of the ecosystem.
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Typically, a community has between three to five trophic levels, from primary producers to apex consumers. The exact number depends on the efficiency of energy transfer between levels, which generally decreases with each level, limiting the energy available for higher trophic levels.
Explanation:The number of trophic levels in an ecological community typically ranges from three to five. These trophic levels begin with primary producers at the base, like green algae in a lake's ecosystem. Energy and nutrients pass to the next level, known as primary consumers, who feed on these producers. Secondary consumers, usually carnivores, feed on these primary consumers.
The nature of energy transfer between these levels explains why there are usually only a few trophic levels - with each transfer, the efficiency drops significantly, and only about 10% of energy is usually passed along. Thus, after four to six transfers, there isn't enough energy left to support another trophic level. This principle can be observed in real-world examples, such as the food web in Lake Ontario, where the primary producer (green algae) transferred energy through only three levels until reaching the apex consumer (the Chinook salmon).
The depiction of these levels can be seen in ecological pyramids, which represent the number of organisms, their biomass, or the energy content at each trophic level. The pyramid shape illustrates the decrease in energy, number, and biomass of organisms moving up the trophic levels.
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An adult client with mobility problems wishes to become an organ donor. Which act allows the client to donate his or her organs?
What are the answer choices?
Animals that migrate great distances would obtain the greatest energetic benefit of storing chemical energy as _____.
fats - hope this helps!!
Animals that migrate long distances benefit greater from storing energy as fat. This ensures survival when food availability decreases and allows for a relatively constant body temperature in cold seasons.
Explanation:Animals that migrate great distances would obtain the greatest energetic benefit of storing chemical energy as fat, which is housed in specialized adipose tissues. Fat provides a more efficient long-term energy system, especially for the animals like elk who increase their metabolic activities and thus energy needs in winter. As such, having a threshold level of energy stored as fat in their bodies can ensure survival when the availability of food decreases. Furthermore, the heat generated from metabolism and stored as fat can help in maintaining a relatively constant body temperature, a characteristic of endotherm animals.
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In a particular species of mammal, black hair (b) is dominant to green hair (b), and red eyes (r) are dominant to white eyes (r). when a bbrr individual is mated with a bbrr individual, offspring are produced in a ratio of 5 black hair and red eyes : 5 green hair and white eyes : 1 black hair and white eyes : 1 green hair and red eyes. which of these explanations accounts for this ratio?
The observed offspring ratio in the mammal genetic cross reflects X-linked inheritance for the eye color trait. Females may be heterozyous or homozygous for eye color, while males are hemizygous due to having only one X chromosome.
An individual with genotype bbrr is mated with another bbrr individual. The offspring ratio observed is 5 black hair and red eyes : 5 green hair and white eyes : 1 black hair and white eyes : 1 green hair and red eyes. This ratio suggests a genetic explanation for the observed phenotypes.
Based on the information given in the question and considering Mendelian genetics, the explanation for the observed phenotypes is likely the result of sex-linked inheritance, specifically X-linked inheritance for the eye color gene. Male offspring receive only one X chromosome from their mother and their eye color is determined by whichever allele is present on that X chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes and their eye color is determined by the combination of alleles on both X chromosomes. If eye color is indeed X-linked, the females can be heterozygous or homozygous, while males are hemizygous. Hair color, being autosomal, is inherited separately from eye color.
In Western civilization, fingerprinting has been used in crime detection for many hundreds of years.
True
False
The answer is false
Answer:
The method of taking imprints of someone's fingers to identify people in forensic science was only introduced by Sir William James Herschel in the late 1800s, then suggested and proposed by Henry Faulds in 1880; then the first known record of criminal fingerprint identification was made in 1892 at Buenos Aires by inspector Eduardo Alvarez in a murder case. Thereby that previous statement would be False.
Explanation:
write the name of the chromosomal mutation underneath each chromosome in the left column
Their are four types of Chromosomal mutation
Deletion
Insertion
Inversion
Translocation
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?
A) lipidsB) glycogenC) proteinsD) celluloseE) nucleic acids
The correct answer is: C) proteins
Ribosomes are organelles involved in protein synthesis during translation which are composed of two subunits, the big and the small one , ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and ribosomal proteins. Ribosome has binding sites for RNA binding: mRNA which contains codons for protein synthesis and tRNA which contains anticodons complementary to codons.
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing proteins. Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis, interpreting genetic information into amino acid sequences.
Explanation:Cells that specialize in producing large numbers of ribosomes are typically involved in the manufacture of proteins. The synthesis of proteins is a primary function of the ribosome, which means that cells with many ribosomes are often geared towards efficient protein production.
Option C) Proteins, therefore, is the correct answer. To clarify, ribosomes are molecular machines that synthesize proteins by translating the genetic information (mRNA) into amino acid sequences. This process is vital for cellular function and growth.
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Which is incorrect about photosynthesis? the light reactions take place in the cytoplasm and the light-independent reactions occur in the chloroplast the light-independent reactions don't require light but can occur in its presence the light-dependent reactions produce nadph and atp the light-dependent reactions release oxygen photosystems act as antenna to capture photons?
INCORRECT: *the light reactions take place in the cytoplasm and the light-independent reactions occur in the chloroplast
*The light-dependent ("light reaction") reactions occur in the Grana (look like a stack of green coins or coils) of the chloroplast.
The incorrect statement about photosynthesis is: The light reactions take place in the cytoplasm, and the light-independent reactions occur in the chloroplast. The correct option is A.
In photosynthesis, light reactions, also known as light-dependent reactions, occur in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, not in the cytoplasm.
The thylakoid membrane is a specialized membrane within the chloroplast where light reactions take place.
This is where the photosystems and other components involved in capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy are located.
The light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle or dark reactions, occur in the stroma of the chloroplast. These reactions do not directly require light, although they can occur in the presence of light. Light-dependent reactions do produce NADPH and ATP. These reactions involve the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll and other pigments, which leads to the generation of ATP through photophosphorylation and the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH.The light-dependent reactions involve photosystems, which act as antennae to capture photons.Thus, the incorrect statement is option A.
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Complete question:
Which is incorrect about photosynthesis?
A. The light reactions take place in the cytoplasm and the light-independent reactions occur in the chloroplast
B. The light-independent reactions don't require light but can occur in its presence
C. The light-dependent reactions produce NADPH and ATP.
D. The light-dependent reactions release oxygen photosystems that act as antennae to capture photons.
The diagram below shows three parts labeled A, B, and C, of Earth's orbit around the Sun.
Which of these best arranges the parts of the orbit from fastest to slowest speed of Earth in them? (2 points)
C → B → A
A → B → C
B → C → A
A → C → B
Answer:
A → B → C
Explanation:
The farther away the earth is to the sun, in its orbit, the slower it moves. This is due to gravity. The closer to the sun the earth is, the higher the effects of gravity hence it is pulled towards the sun more and it’s acceleration is higher than when it is away from the sun.
Answer:
Option B, A → B → C
Explanation:
The Speed of earth around the sun is not uniform and it is due to the non-circular shape of the orbit on which earth moves around the sun.
As per kepler’s 2nd law of motion, a line between any celestial body moving around the sun will sweep equal area in equal times.
Thus, the area swept as indicated by three highlighted area A, B, and C are equal. Now, since C is the farthest, the area swept under C will be the highest therefore in order to cover same area in the same time, Earth has to move a bit faster when it is close to sun.
Two friends were talking about adaptations. They each had different ideas about what happens when an organism's environment changes so that it is very different from the organism's existing environment. This is what they said: Leslie: "I don't think individual organisms can adapt to changes in their environments." Jordan: "I think individual organisms can adapt to changes in their environments if they need to." Whom do you most agree with?
Is this open ended or long response? Personally I agree with Jordan because many creatures are highly adaptive. Humans only need about 3 days to get used to a different climate. Many organisms deal with changes in their environment like rainy and dry seasons or differing temperatures. On the other had you could agree with Leslie but only if the environmental changes were major enough to wipe out the populace. If rodents found around a river bank suddenly experienced a change like a flood many would die.
Answer:
i agree with jordan because animals need to surive
Explanation:
Cats claim and defend certain areas. What is this called?
territorial behavior
observational learning
imprinting
spatial learning
This is Territorial Behavior, because the area that cats defend as their living space would be their territory, and how they act inside the territory is in defense of their home.
Answer:
Territorial Behavior
Explanation:
The cat is protecting its territory (certain area) Periodddttttt
This is a period of time when extensive glacial ice covered much of earth, producing long-term climate change and causing the extinction of many species on earth.
Answer:
ice age/ Quaternary glaciation
Explanation:
Ice ages have occurred in the earth history and do occur more or less regularly in a cycle. It is believed that ice ages are as a result of small changes in the earth's orbit and also dependent on the solar cycles. The temperatures on the earth reduce causing the ice sheets in the poles to extend to the subtropics.
Answer:
ice age
Explanation:
Winds generally flow away from the equator and toward the poles. What transfer does this flow of wind cause? A. an energy transfer, with heat energy moving toward the equator B. an energy transfer, with heat energy moving away from the equator C. a water transfer, with water moving from the atmosphere to the ocean D. a water transfer, with water moving from the ocean to the atmosphere
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The equator receives more of sunlight throughout the year, compared to increasing latitude, hence the atmosphere and oceans within this latitude are warmer. When winds blow away from the equator, they transfer this heat energy to the cooler higher latitudes.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The equator receives more sunlight than the poles and the air is heated more at the equator. Wind is created because of this uneven heating. Winds generally travel away from the equator, with the flow of wind transferring heat energy away from the equator.
Ideally, when recording a crime scene, which tool should investigators should use?
What is the independent variable for this experiment? a. the amount of water b. the height of the plant c. the amount of sunlight d. the amount of soil
the amount of soil is the independent variable
This is an inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival. this can occur when part of a population of a species becomes separated from the remainder, they may over time evolve different characteristics from the parent population.
First sentence is adaptation and the answer to the second sentence is geographic isolation.
Coal is a solid fossil fuel formed when plant material is buried in _________________ conditions and subjected to _________________ over a long time.
Coal is a solid fossil fuel formed when plant material is buried in oxygen-poor conditions and subjected to pressure and high heat over a long time.
- Lee Hae :) Have a great day!
Coal is a solid fossil fuel formed when plant material is buried in oxygen-poor conditions and subjected to high heat and pressure over a long time.
A fossil is a preserved remnant of a trace of life (e.g., a plant or an animal) that once lived in the geological past.Coal represents a fuel formed over millions of years by the decomposition of land plant fossils. The layers of land plant fossils that were compacted and heated over millions of years in the sediment turned into coal.In conclusion, coal is a solid fossil fuel formed when plant material is buried in oxygen-poor conditions and subjected to high heat and pressure over a long time.
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Drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. not all terms will be used. resethelp continuous dna polymerase i lagging rna primase leading peptide phosphodiester discontinuous 1. okazaki fragments are short dna fragments synthesized in a manner
1. The right answer is in a discontinuous manner.
During DNA replication, the DNA polymerase synthesizes complementary DNA by mating on both strands, since the two strands are antiparallel, the replication is bidirectional, which means that one of the two strand is synthesized in a direction opposite to that of the direction of the enzyme, to do this, the DNA polymerase is obliged to synthesize DNA in the form of small fragments which are called Okazaki fragments, and its synthesized discontinuously (these fragments are not glued together by phosphodiester liasons, it is only after that another enzyme will intervene to ligate these fragments (DNA ligase).
The trophic structure of a community concerns the ________ relationships among the various species making up the community. competition predation feeding breeding
The answer would be the interaction strengths of the relationships in the structure of the trophic community.
A major role of all trophic interactions in community stability are the interaction strengths. All species depend on one another. Some of these interactions are the population sizes and energy flow rates of each species as a whole or the biomass.
The differentiation of the biomass between diverse trophic classes is called trophic structure. It illustrates the energy flow and the positions of producers and consumers.
The correct answer is:
Option C. Feeding
This can be explained as:
In a community, there are 3-4 levels that tell about the energy flow between them.The first level is always the producers followed by the primary, secondary and tertiary consumers.It represents the hierarchy of the food distribution in the various organisms.Therefore, trophic structure concerns the feeding relationship between the various species.
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Large-size crystals are known as phaneritic _____.
PHANERITIC TEXTURE - Igneous rocks with large, visible crystals because the rock formed slowly in an underground magma chamber. PORPHYRITIC TEXTURE - an igneous rock in which PHENOCRYSTS (large crystals) are surrounded by a fine groundmass (very small crystals).
Answer:
Large-size crystals are known as phaneritic texture.
Explanation:
The term phaneritic is used normally to talk about rocks that are igneous but that are not so fine as the aphanites. This means that the size of the matrix grains in these rocks is quite large and, unlike the aphanites, they can be observed and distinguished with the naked eye. No instrument of increase is needed.
which of the following invertebrates has cerebral ganglia that are organized into a brain? A)sea star B)earthworm C)coral D)octopus
The answer is B. earthworm
Answer:
The answers for my quiz for Lesson 14: Response and Information Processing is as following
1. if a butterfly touches sugar water with one of its legs
have chemicals receptors for taste on their legs
2. the more complex an animals response to a stimulus the more likely
many interneurons
3. the ability to navigate hunt and communicate by electric current in water
vision
4. which of the following invertebrates has cerebral ganglia
octopus
5. the part of your brain that is responsible for you responding to this question is the
cerebrum
Explanation:
the other guy was wrong. what a turtle brain.
) Which of the following statements about transcriptional regulators is false? (a) Transcriptional regulators usually interact with the sugar–phosphate backbone on the outside of the double helix to determine which DNA sequence to bind. (b) Transcriptional regulators will form hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions with DNA. (c) The DNA-binding motifs of transcriptional regulators usually bind in the major groove of the DNA helix. (d) The binding of transcriptional regulators generally does not disrupt the hydrogen bonds that hold the double helix together.
The false statement is: (a) Transcriptional regulators usually interact with the sugar–phosphate backbone on the outside of the double helix to determine which DNA sequence to bind.
Transcriptional regulator or factor is protein with the ability to control and regulate gene expression at the transcription level by binding to DNA. Transcriptional factors have domain-DNA-binding domain which contains structural motif that recognizes DNA and it is responsible for the attachment to specific DNA sequence. It usually binds to the DNA major groove (hydrogen bonding) because it is less degenerate than that of the DNA minor groove.
Transcriptional factors also contain trans-activating domain for the binding of other proteins and signal-sensing domain for the detection of external signals.
What is a mineral that breaks in repeatable, predictable patterns is said to have this property?
A) Luster
B) Color
C) Hardness
D) Streak
E) Cleavage
Pretty sure it's E, Cleavage
Streak is a mineral that breaks in repeatable, predictable patterns is said to have this property.
What is meant by minerals and what are their properties?Minerals are inorganic compounds that are classified by their physical properties. The physical properties of minerals define their unique features, such as color, luster and density.Most minerals can be characterized and classified by their unique physical properties: hardness, luster, color, streak, specific gravity, cleavage, fracture, and tenacity.Streak is a mineral that breaks in repeatable, predictable patterns is said to have this property.
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1. Fatty acids are cleaved from the glycerol backbone during digestion to yield free fatty acids in a process called _______. 2. The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as glucogenic amino acids, is called ___________. 3. The process of converting excess glucose to glycogen in the liver and muscle is referred to as __________. 4. The process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy is called __________. 5. _____________ is the process that converts excess glucose or amino acids into fatty acids to be stored as triglycerides in the adipose cells.
Answer:
1. Fatty acids are cleaved from the glycerol backbone during digestion to yield free fatty acids in a process called Lipolysis.
2. The formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as glucogenic amino acids, is called Gluconeogenesis.
3. The process of converting excess glucose to glycogen in the liver and muscle is referred to as Anabolic reaction.
4. The process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy is called Glycolysis.
5. Lipogenesis is the process that converts excess glucose or amino acids into fatty acids to be stored as triglycerides in the adipose cells.
Explanation:
1. Lipolysis is the metabolic pathway that provides energy during excessive exercises or long day fasts by the breakdown of fatty acids.
2. Gluconeogenesis is an important metabolic pathway for the body as it stores glucose in the form of energy, especially for the brain.
3. Anabolic reactions can be described as reactions through which a large molecule or compound is formed using smaller molecules. Hence, the process of converting glucose into glycogen can be referred to as anabolic reactions.
4. Glycolysis is an important metabolic pathway that releases energy through a series of reactions. It is the most important mechanism through which ATP is generated for performing different functions of the body.
5. Lipogenesis is a metabolic process that is opposite of lipolysis. In this process, fatty acids are made instead of breaking down.
Which cell feature is responsible for making proteins?
A. Lysosomes
B. Ribosomes
C. Mitochondria
The answer is B
Ribosomes
Which of the following are part of the chemiosmotic coupling model? Protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space. The active transport of protons is driven by the free energy derived from electron transport. Increasing the concentration of protons in the intermembrane space creates an electrical potential and a pH imbalance that releases energy upon proton flow back into the matrix. The energy released by the return of protons to the matrix is what drives ATP synthesis.
The correct answer is: Protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space
Chemiosmosis can be described as movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. It occurs during the cellular respiration within mitochondria and it is involved in ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation via ATP synthase).
Electrons from electron carriers (NADH and FADH) donate electrons to the electron transport chain and that causes changes in protein complexes of electron transport chain. As a consequence, protein complexes pump H+ across a selectively permeable cell membrane from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space of mitochondria.
H+ can only get back and pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane with the help of ATP synthase (down their electrochemical gradient). ATP synthase turned by the force of the H+ diffusing through it forms ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP.
The chemiosmotic coupling model describes how the active transport of protons out of the mitochondrial matrix and their subsequent return through ATP synthase facilitates ATP synthesis, emphasizing the roles of electrochemical gradients and oxidative phosphorylation. Hence, all the statements mentioned are correct.
The chemiosmotic coupling model involves several key components that work together to facilitate ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. This process starts with the active transport of protons, which are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix and into the intermembrane space. This pumping action is driven by the energy released from electron transport. Consequently, an electrochemical gradient is established, marked by an increase in proton concentration in the intermembrane space, creating both an electrical potential and a pH imbalance. When these protons flow back into the matrix through a specialized protein called ATP synthase, the energy released from this flow drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP. This overall mechanism of ATP production is termed oxidative phosphorylation, relying on the principles of chemiosmosis to convert energy from an electrochemical gradient into usable ATP.
Compare and contrast the de novo synthesis of purine and pyrimidine ribonucleotides. move each item to the appropriate bin. if a phrase does not describe either purine or pyrimidine ribonucleotide synthesis, move it to the \"neither\" bin.