Which activity can occur without the use of energy?

1.5625.10²⁰ electrons are flowing through this device in 5 s

Electric current is the amount of electric charge that flows each unit of time

Electric current can also be a ratio between voltage and resistance

Electric current occurs due to the movement of electrons due to the difference in potential or voltage (from high potential to low potential) between two points

Electrons will flow through the conducting wire that functions as a conductor

The electric current itself can be divided into direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC)

Can be formulated:

[tex]{\displaystyle I = {\frac {Q} {t}},}[/tex]

Where

I is the electric current, Ampere (A)

Q is the electric charge, coulomb (C)

t is time, seconds (s)

An electric device delivers a current of 5 A within 5 s, so the charge is:

Q = I x t

Q = 5 x 5

Q = 25 C

Because 1 electron (e) has a charge of 1.60 × 10⁻¹⁹ C, so the total number of electrons flowing:

= 25 C: 1.60 × 10⁻¹⁹ C

= 15.625.10¹⁹

= 1.5625.10²⁰ e

electric field

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2.0x10 ^ 20 electrons to pass through a point

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Keywords: electric current, electric charge, electrons, coulombs, amperes, seconds

To find the density of the nitrogen gas, we use the equation of state for ideal gases, PV=nRT and rearrange it to find Volume. We also calculate the mass of gas using the number of moles and molar mass. Finally, we get the density of nitrogen gas as 1.4 g/L.

To find the mass density of this nitrogen gas, we will use the equation of state for ideal gases given as PV=nRT. Where:

First, we rearrange the equation to solve for V (Volume): V = nRT/P. Substituting the given values, we find that volume V = (0.020 mol)(0.0821 l·atm/mol·K)(290 K) / 1.5 atm =  0.40 L.

Now, we compute the mass of the nitrogen gas. We know that the molar mass of molecular nitrogen N₂ is 28.01 g/mol, so the mass m of the gas is m = n*M = (0.020 mol)(28.01 g/mol) = 0.56 g.

Finally to get the density we take Density (ρ) = mass/volume = 0.56 g / 0.40 L = 1.4 g/L.

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Answer:

160.0 g

Explanation:

Since O2 has an amu of  32 and it has a coefficent of five in the balanced equation you would do 32 x 5 = 160.0g

Approximately 4.995 moles of oxygen (O2) are required to react with 52.0 g of acetylene (C2H2).

To determine how much oxygen is required to react with 52.0 g of acetylene (C2H2), we need to consider the balanced chemical equation and use stoichiometry.

The balanced equation for the reaction between acetylene and oxygen is 2 C2H2 + 5 O2 → 4 CO2 + 2 H2O.

From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 moles of acetylene react with 5 moles of oxygen to produce 4 moles of carbon dioxide and 2 moles of water.

First, we need to convert the given mass of acetylene (52.0 g) to moles. Using the molar mass of acetylene (26.02 g/mol), we find that 52.0 g of acetylene is equal to 1.998 moles.

Next, we use the mole ratio from the balanced equation to determine the moles of oxygen required. The ratio of acetylene to oxygen is 2:5, so for every 2 moles of acetylene, we need 5 moles of oxygen.

Using the mole ratio:

(1.998 moles C2H2) x (5 moles O2 / 2 moles C2H2) = 4.995 moles O2

Therefore, approximately 4.995 moles of oxygen (O2) are required to react with 52.0 g of acetylene (C2H2).

Correctly balancing a chemical equation involves adding coefficients to ensure the number of atoms for each element is equal on both sides. As the given equation has a typo, a general method for balancing equations and an example with sodium and chlorine was described.

The question asks about balancing a particular chemical equation to find the coefficient of NaI. However, the given equation seems to have a typographical error and is not complete. In the context of this question, let's address a general approach on how to balance a chemical equation:

Write down the unbalanced equation.

Determine the number of atoms of each element in the reactants and products.

Adjust coefficients (not subscripts) to get the same number of atoms of each element on both sides.

Repeat steps until all elements are balanced.

Check to ensure that the total charge is the same on both sides if the equation includes ionic species.

For example, the equation for the reaction of sodium (Na) with chlorine gas (Cl2) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) is balanced by placing a '2' in front of Na and NaCl:

2 Na (s) + Cl₂ (g) → 2 NaCl (s)

In this balanced equation, we see that the number of sodium and chlorine atoms are equal on both sides, confirming that the equation is correctly balanced.

Final answer:

The reactivity of marble increases with temperature due to the enlargement of calcite crystals and the recrystallization of the rock. Increased temperature can lead to a faster chemical reaction rate, especially with powdered marble, which has a larger surface area exposed for reactions.

Explanation:

As temperature increases, the reactivity of marble will also increase. Marble is comprised mainly of calcite, which is altered under heat or pressure to form calcium carbonate. When marble is exposed to high temperatures, such as around 400°C, and various confining pressures, its calcite crystals tend to grow larger and the rock recrystallizes, essentially transforming the limestone base into a denser and typically white rock, often with colorful markings due to impurities.

Moreover, the reaction rate with marble in chemical processes can be influenced by temperature and the physical form of the marble. For instance, powdered marble, with its increased surface area, reacts faster than larger marble chips. The smaller the marble particles, the more surface molecules are exposed, facilitating a quicker reaction when the temperature is raised.

Thus, in contexts such as artistic sculpting or architectural use, where marble's durability and aesthetic qualities are prized, understanding the impact of temperature on its reactivity and structure is crucial.

The kc is a representation of how fast the reaction proceeds to their products when it has achieved equilibrium. The activation energy for the forward and the one for the reverse reaction are similar because they attained chemical equilibrium. A chemical equilibrium happens when both of the reactant and products achieve the same concentration. An example is the process of melting and freezing. Melting and freezing for a given substance occurs at the same temperature. Because the temperature at which the solid starts to melt is also the temperature at which the liquid starts to freeze. They are at chemical equilibrium.

Solid solutions are formed only by solutes and solid solvents. In everyday life, the main examples of this type of solution are metallic alloys.

2) Liquid Solutions

Liquid solutions have liquid solvent, usually water, and solutes can be solid, liquid or gaseous.

3) Gaseous solutions

This kind of solution is formed by the only mixture of gases. Air is an example, as its approximate composition is 78% nitrogen gas, 21% oxygen gas and 1% of other gases.

The hydroxide ion concentration in the solution is calculated to be 2.857 × 10^-11 M using the ion product of water (Kw) and the given hydronium ion concentration.

To calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains 3.50 Ã 10^-4 M in hydronium ion, you can use the relationship between the hydronium ion [H3O+] and hydroxide ion [OH-] concentrations in water which is known as the ion product of water (Kw).

At 25°C the ion product of water, Kw is 1.0 × 10-14 M^2. These ions are related through the equation [H3O+][OH-]= Kw, which is the mathematical representation of the ion product of water at a particular temperature.

Substitute the given hydronium ion concentration into the equation to calculate the hydroxide ion concentration: [OH-] = Kw / [H3O+]. So, [OH-] = (1.0 × 10-14 M^2) / (3.50 × 10^-4 M) = 2.857 × 10^-11 M. So, the hydroxide ion concentration in the solution is 2.857 × 10^-11 M.

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The volume occupied if the pressure is decreased to 1.21 atm at constant temperature is 27.08 L

The new volume of the gas can be obtained by using the Boyle's law equation as illustrated below:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

4.52 × 7.25 = 1.21 × V₂

Divide both sides by 1.21

V₂ = (4.52 × 7.25) / 1.21

V₂ = 27.08 L

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The pH is the potential of Hydrogen is a scale that is used to specify the acidity. In the acidic solution of H+ ions, the scale is logarithmic and indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution.

Hence the option C that is hydronium ion concentration is correct.

Learn more about the solution's ph is a measure of what.

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When a compound containing c, h, and o is completely combusted in air, the reactant besides the hydrocarbon that is involved in the reaction is, O2(g).

Hydrocarbons burn in air to form water and carbon dioxide as the only products.

That is;

For hydrocarbons with carbon and hydrogen

For the compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen  

Examples  

Propane which is an alkane burns in air to form water and mineral salt.

C3H8(g) + O2(g) = CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Ethanol is a hydrocarbon in the homologous series of alcohols. It burns in air to form carbon(IV)oxide and water.

C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) = 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

Keywords: Combustion, hydrocarbons  

Level: High school

Subject: Chemistry  

Topic: Organic chemistry  

Sub-topic: Combustion of hydrocarbons

Answer: New pH will be 4.06 .

Explanation: The problem could easily be solved using Handerson equation. Handerson equaton is used to calculate the pH of buffer solution.

[tex]pH=pK_a+log(\frac{base}{acid})[/tex]

For the given problem, the buffer solution is a mixture of a weak acid(benzoic acid) and a salt of it, known as conjugate base(sodium benzoate).

When a strong acid is added to the buffer solution then it reacts with the base(benzoate ion) present in the buffer solution and produce a the weak acid(benzoic acid).

The reaction could be shown as:

[tex]C_6H_5COO^-(aq)+H^+(aq)\rightleftharpoons C_6H_5COOH(aq)[/tex]

First of all we calculate the initial moles of acid and base originally present in the buffer solution and for this the volume is multiplied by the molarity.

initial moles of benzoic acid = [tex]0.250L(\frac{0.250mol}{1L})[/tex]

= 0.0625 moles

initial moles of benzoate ion = [tex]0.250L(\frac{0.20mol}{1L})[/tex]

= 0.0500 moles

moles of HCl or [tex]H^+[/tex] added to the buffer = [tex]25.0mL(\frac{1L}{1000mL})(\frac{0.100mol}{1L})[/tex]

= 0.0025 moles

From the equation we have written above, HCl and benzoate ion react in 1:1 mol ratio. As HCl is limiting reactant, 0.0025 moles of it will react with exactly 0.0025 moles of benzoate ion and form 0.0025 moles of benzoic acid.

So, the moles of benzoic acid after addtion of HCl = 0.0625 + 0.0025 = 0.065 moles

moles of benzoate ion after addition of HCl = 0.0500 - 0.0025 = 0.0475 moles

Total volume of the solution = 0.250 L + 0.025 L = 0.275 L

concentration of benzoic acid = [tex]\frac{0.065mol}{0.275L}[/tex]

= 0.236M

concentration of benzoate ion = [tex]\frac{0.0475mol}{0.275L}[/tex]

= 0.173M

Pka is calcuulated from the given Ka value as:

[tex]pK_a=-logK_a[/tex]

[tex]pk_a=-log(6.5*10^-^5)[/tex]

[tex]pK_a[/tex] = 4.19

Let's plug in the values in the Handerson equation:

[tex]pH=4.19+log(\frac{0.173}{0.236})[/tex]

pH = 4.19 - 0.13

pH = 4.06

So, the pH of the solution after an addition of HCl will be 4.06 .

Explanation:

A physical change is defined as a change that does not bring any difference in chemical composition of a substance.

For example, shape, size, mass, volume, density, etc of a substance are all physical properties.

So, when copper is drawn into wire then there will occur change in its shape but there will not be any change in its chemical composition.

Whereas when a change in chemical composition of a substance occurs then it is known as a chemical change.

Hence, we can conclude that change in the shape of copper when it is drawn into wire indicates a physical change.

The number of molecules of carbon dioxide present in 243.6 g of carbon dioxide is 3.33 × 10²⁴ molecules

From the question,

We are to determine the number of molecules of carbon dioxide that are in 243.6g of carbon dioxide

First, we will determine the number of moles of carbon dioxide present

Using the formula,

[tex]Number\ of\ moles\ = \frac{Mass}{Molar\ mass}[/tex]

Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44.01 g/mol

Number of moles of carbon dioxide = [tex]\frac{243.6}{44.01}[/tex]

Number of moles of carbon dioxide = 5.5351 moles

Now, for the number of molecules,

Using the formula,

Number of molecules = Number of moles × Avogadro's constant

Number of molecules = 5.5351 × 6.022 × 10²³

Number of molecules of carbon dioxide = 3.33 × 10²⁴ molecules

Hence, the number of molecules of carbon dioxide present in 243.6 g of carbon dioxide is 3.33 × 10²⁴ molecules

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Answer:

B. It allows scientists to predict things about objects that are too small to see.

Explanation:

Hello,

In science, we're always looking for the study of tinier things as long as we're interested about what the matter is made of. Several atomic models such as Bohr's, Rutherford's, Dalton's and the actual one have been proposed in order for us to understand how the protons, neutrons and electrons are assembled into the atom because they are too small to see (about 0.5 fm) thus, with that better understanding, we can research and develop novel applications for new materials based on the micromolecular behavior of the atom.

Best regards.

It's reasonable to assume the specific heats of NaOH and HCL solutions are the same as water because these solutions are largely water, and the solutes blend into the solution without significantly altering its inherent properties. This assumption is commonly made in calorimetry experiments. However, this is an approximation, and exact values may deviate for solutions with high concentrations.

It's reasonable to assume the specific heats of NaOH and HCL solutions are similar to that of water because they are largely composed of water. When HCL and NaOH (both of which are solutes) are added to water, they dissociate and blend into the solution without significantly altering the water's inherent properties, like specific heat.

We rely on this assumption when conducting calorimetry experiments. Here, we trap heat in a calorimeter to eliminate any heat transfer between the reaction solution (rxn soln) and the external environment. We then use the specific heat of water to help calculate the heat either absorbed or released during the reaction.

Examples for this assumption include calculations where the enthalpy change of reactions involving HCL and NaOH are measured, or where their mass or heat capacity are considered and observed to result similarly as with water. However, it's also important to note that this is an approximation, and exact values may deviate for solutions with higher concentrations.

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The correct option is A.

Metals have certain characteristics properties, they include the following: they are ductile, malleable, shiny, hard, lustrous, flexible and they are good conductor of heat and electricity. The malleability of metals refers to their ability to withstand bending and hammering without breaking. Metals are not dull, neither are they brittle, those are the properties of non metals.

Answer : The correct statement is, (A) they are shiny and bend without breaking

Explanation :

Metals : Metals are the elements that easily loose electrons and forms cations.

The properties of the metals :

Non-metals : Non-metals are the elements that easily gain electrons to form an anion.

The properties of the non-metals :

Hence, the best statement is, (A) they are shiny and bend without breaking

To find the grams of phosphorus that contain the same number of molecules as 7.88 g of sulfur, use the concept of molar mass and Avogadro's number.

To determine the grams of phosphorus that contain the same number of molecules as 7.88 g of sulfur, we need to use the concept of molar mass and Avogadro's number. First, we calculate the number of moles of sulfur by dividing its mass by its molar mass. Then, we use the molar ratio between sulfur and phosphorus from their molecular formulas to calculate the number of moles of phosphorus. Finally, we multiply the number of moles of phosphorus by its molar mass to obtain the grams of phosphorus.

Step 1: Calculate the moles of sulfur:

moles of sulfur = mass of sulfur / molar mass of sulfur

Step 2: Calculate the moles of phosphorus:

moles of phosphorus = moles of sulfur × (molar ratio of phosphorus/sulfur)

Step 3: Calculate the grams of phosphorus:

grams of phosphorus = moles of phosphorus × molar mass of phosphorus

After performing these calculations using the given values, the grams of phosphorus that contain the same number of molecules as 7.88 g of sulfur is obtained.

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Final answer:

To calculate the pH at different points in the titration of HCl with NaOH, you need to consider the moles of reactants and products and use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

Explanation:

In a titration of 25.00 mL of 0.150 M HCl with 0.250 M NaOH, the pH can be calculated at different points:

(a) When neutralization is 50% complete, we can assume that half of the HCl has reacted with NaOH. This means that the moles of HCl neutralized is half of the initial moles present. Use this information to calculate the moles of NaOH consumed and the remaining HCl. From there, you can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate the pH.

(b) When 1.00 mL of NaOH is added beyond the equivalence point, you can assume that all of the HCl has been neutralized and there is excess NaOH. Calculate the moles of NaOH consumed based on the volume added and use it to determine the concentration of NaOH remaining. Then, use the concentration of NaOH and the hydroxide ion concentration to calculate the pH.

The hydroxide ion concentration for a solution with a pH of 3.45 can be calculated as 10^-10.55 M.

The hydroxide ion concentration for an aqueous solution with a pH of 3.45 can be calculated using the formula [OH-] = 10-pOH. Since pH + pOH = 14, we can find that the pOH is 14 - 3.45 = 10.55. Therefore, the hydroxide ion concentration is 10-10.55 M.

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The hydroxide ion concentration for a solution with a pH of 3.45 is approximately 2.82 × [tex]10^{-11[/tex] M.

To calculate the hydroxide ion concentration for an aqueous solution with a pH of 3.45, we need to follow these steps:

The hydroxide ion concentration for the solution with a pH of 3.45 is approximately 2.82 × [tex]10^{-11[/tex] M.