A covalent bond between two atoms occurs when the atoms
Covalent bonds between atoms form when these atoms share one or more pairs of their valence electrons. This is a pathway to stability for the atoms involved. This type of bonding happens in many compounds, such as in a molecule of hydrogen.
Explanation:A covalent bond between two atoms occurs when these atoms share one or more pairs of their valence electrons. In this type of bonding, both atoms contribute at least one electron to the shared pair. This is a way for both atoms to achieve a stable electron configuration, often completing an outer shell of electrons.
For example, consider the hydrogen molecule, H2. Hydrogen has one valence electron and needs two for stability, so two hydrogen atoms can share their electrons to form a covalent bond, resulting in a stable molecule.
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A car travels at 15 kilometers west in 10 minutes after reaching the destination the car travels back to the starting point again taking 5 minutes what is the average velocity of the car
Answer: D 2.0 meters/second
Explanation:
Radioactive decay occurs when two nuclei are smashed into each other and combine to form a much larger nucleus and release a vast amount of energy.
True
False
The drawing shows sodium and chloride ions positioned at the corners of a cube that is part of the crystal structure of sodium chloride (common table salt). the edges of the cube are each 0.281 nm (1 nm = 1 nanometer = 10−9 m) in length. what is the value of the angle θ the in the drawing?
To solve for this problem, first we have to calculate for the diagonal or the hypotenuse on the bottom face of the cube. We can do this by using the hypotenuse formula. Since all sides are of equal lengths therefore:
c^2 = a^2 + b^2
a = b
c^2 = 2 a^2
where a = 0.281 nm therefore:
c^2 = 2 (0.281 nm)^2
c = 0.3974 nm
Now using the diagonal and the one vertical side of the cube which is still equivalent to a, we use the tan function to find for the angle θ.
tan θ = opposite side / adjacent side
tan θ = a / c
θ = tan^-1 (0.281 / 0.3974)
θ = 35.26°
Final answer:
The crystal structure of sodium chloride and the calculation of the force on a lithium ion in a NaCl crystal lattice involves applying Coulomb's law to consider contributions of electrostatic forces from neighboring ions.
Explanation:
The question concerns the crystal structure of sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as table salt, and involves calculating the force on a lithium ion in the crystal lattice with defects. The edges of the cube in the NaCl crystal are provided as 0.281 nm, which is the distance between neighboring ions, and it is given that the ions form a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. To find the angle θ in the drawing, one would need a diagram to assess the geometry between the ions.
As for the force on the lithium ion, you would apply Coulomb's law to calculate the electrostatic force exerted on it by its neighboring charged ions. Each neighboring ion contributes a vector force, and the total force on the lithium ion is the vector sum of these individual forces.
A 0.465 g sample of an unknown compound occupies 245 mL at 298 K and 1.22 atm. What is the molar mass of the unknown compound?
In a combustion reaction, 46.0g of ethanol reacts with 96.0 g of oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. If 54.0 g of water is produced, what mass of carbon dioxide is produced?
Final answer:
The mass of carbon dioxide produced in the combustion reaction of ethanol with oxygen, given that 54.0 g of water is produced, is 88.0 g.
Explanation:
In a combustion reaction of ethanol (C₂H₅OH), which reacts with oxygen (O₂) to produce water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), the mass of carbon dioxide produced can be calculated using the law of conservation of mass. The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of ethanol is:
C₂H₅OH (l) + 3O₂ (g) → 2CO₂ (g) + 3H₂O (g)
Given 46.0 g of ethanol reacts with 96.0 g of oxygen, and 54.0 g of water is produced, we can deduce the mass of carbon dioxide. By the conservation of mass, the total mass of reactants must be equal to the total mass of products:
Mass of reactants = Mass of products
46.0 g (ethanol) + 96.0 g (oxygen) = Mass of water + Mass of carbon dioxide
142.0 g (total reactants) = 54.0 g (water) + Mass of carbon dioxide
Mass of carbon dioxide = 142.0 g - 54.0 g = 88.0 g of CO₂
Therefore, the mass of carbon dioxide produced in this reaction is 88.0 g.
What 3 characteristics of matter does chemistry deal with?
When the volume of a gas is changed from 3.6 L to 15.5 L, the temperature will change from oC to 87°C
Answer:
-189.5
Explanation:
Correct with Acellus Chemistry
Ammonia nh3 chemically reacts with oxygen gas o2 to produce nitric oxide no and water h2o . what mass of water is produced by the reaction of 8.45g of oxygen gas? round your answer to 3 significant digits.
In the reaction, each mole of O2 produces 1.2 moles of H2O. By converting the mass of O2 in the problem to moles (using O2's molar mass), multiply by 1.2 to find moles of H2O, and then converting moles of H2O to grams (using H2O's molar mass), the problem can be solved.
Explanation:This question concerns the reaction of ammonia (NH3) with oxygen gas (O2) to produce nitric oxide (NO) and water (H2O). This is an oxidation-reduction reaction. The balanced equation for the reaction is actually 4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) -> 4NO (g) + 6H2O (g). Oxygen's molar mass is 32.00 g/mol, the molar mass of water is 18.02 g/mol. Therefore, for every 5 mol of O2, 6 mol of H2O are produced, or every 1 mol of O2 produces 1.2 mol of H2O (6/5). So, you can calculate the number of moles of gas in 8.45 g then multiply by 1.2 to get the number of moles of H2O, and finally multiply this by the molar mass of H2O to find the mass in grams. The final answer can be rounded to 3 significant digits.
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Radiocarbon measurements made in 1988 on the shroud of turin showed a decay rate of 14.2 disintegrations/min per gram of carbon. this is in comparison to the decay rate in the then current living organisms of 15.3 disintegrations/min per gram of carbon. given a half-life of 5730 years for carbon-14, what year is the artifact from?
Mary performs this calculation (3.0)(2.0) how many significant figures should her answer have?
Mary performs this calculation (3.0)(2.0). Her answer have two significant figure.
Hence, option B is correct answer.
What is Significant Figure ?Significant Figure is used to identify a number that is presented in the form of digits.
What are some rules for significant figures ?All the non-zero digits are significant. Example 186452 has six significant digit. Every zeros which occur between the any two non-zero digits are significant. Example 102.0065 has seven significant digits. Every zeros which are on right of a decimal point and left of a non-zero is never significant. Example 0.00654 has three significant digits. Every zero which are right of a number is significant. Example 5.0 has two significant digits.Mary perform this calculation (3.0) (2.0) and get the result 6.0 which has 2 significant digits.
Thus, from above conclusion we can say that Mary performs this calculation (3.0)(2.0). Her answer have two significant figure.
Hence, option B is correct answer.
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Calculate the mass of o2 produced by the decomposition of kclo3 by heating in the presence of manganese dioxide
Which of the following metals is the most stable?
A. Potassium
B. Zinc
C. Silver
D. Gold
Answer:
gold
Explanation:
Among the options listed, gold is the most stable metal. It's resistant to oxidation and corrosion, unlike the other metals. This is why it's often found in its native form and used for various purposes.
Explanation:The stability of a metal is determined by its resistance to oxidation or corrosion, and by this standard, gold (option D) is the most stable metal among those listed. Gold does not easily react with other substances in the environment, making it highly resistant to corrosion and oxidation. This property is why gold is often found in its native form in nature, not combined with other elements, and why it's used for jewelry and in various industrial applications.
On the other hand, metals like potassium (option A) are highly reactive, readily oxidizing in air or reacting violently with water. Zinc (option B) and silver (option C) are less reactive than potassium, but still more reactive compared to gold.
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Which sentence correctly sequences the underlined verbs? We will not receive the final pieces that we needed to complete the collection. We will not receive the final pieces that we had needed to complete the collection. We have not received the final pieces that we will need to complete the collection.
The sentence that correctly sequences the underlined verbs is: "We have not received the final pieces that we will need to complete the collection."
A verb is a word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being.
This sentence correctly uses the present perfect tense ("have not received") to indicate that the action of receiving the final pieces is still ongoing, and it uses the future tense ("will need") to indicate that the pieces are necessary for a future action (completing the collection).
Therefore, "We have not received the final pieces that we will need to complete the collection." is the sentence that correctly sequence the underlined verb.
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Problem page write a balanced half-reaction for the reduction of solid manganese dioxide mno2 to manganese ion mn 2 in acidic aqueous solution. be sure to add physical state symbols where appropriate.
In a reduction reaction, some electrons are gained by the substance being reduced. The balanced half-reaction to this would be:
MnO2(s) + 4 H+ (aq) + 2e ---> Mn^2+ (aq) + 2 H2O (aq)
It is called balanced reaction since the number of each element in the left side is equal to the number of each element on the right side.
The balanced half-reaction for the reduction of solid manganese dioxide (MnO2) to manganese ion (Mn^2+) in acidic aqueous solution is: 2MnO2 (s) + 4H+ (aq) + 2e- -> Mn^2+ (aq) + 2H2O (l).
Explanation:The balanced half-reaction for the reduction of solid manganese dioxide (MnO2) to manganese ion (Mn^2+) in acidic aqueous solution is:
2MnO2 (s) + 4H+ (aq) + 2e- → Mn^2+ (aq) + 2H2O (l)
In this reaction, the solid manganese dioxide is reduced to manganese ion by gaining two electrons, and four hydrogen ions are involved in the reaction to balance the charges.
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10g of an unknown compound are added to water to form a 7.89 molar solution. if 2 liters of solution are present, what is the molar mass of the unknown compound?
To calculate the molar mass of the unknown compound, multiply the solution's molarity (7.89 M) by the volume in liters (2 L) to get the moles of solute, then divide the mass of the compound (10 g) by the calculated moles. The molar mass is found to be approximately 0.63 g/mol.
Explanation:To determine the molar mass of the unknown compound, we first need to calculate the number of moles of the solute that was dissolved in water to form the 7.89 M solution.
Molarity (M) of a solution is given by the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Since we have a 7.89 M solution and the volume of the solution is 2 liters, we can calculate the number of moles:
Number of moles = Molarity × Volume = 7.89 moles/L × 2 L = 15.78 moles
Next, we use the mass of the unknown compound (10 g) to find its molar mass:
Molar mass = Mass of the compound / Number of moles = 10 g / 15.78 moles
Finally, when we perform this division, we find that the molar mass of the unknown compound is approximately:
Molar mass = 0.63 g/mol
Therefore, the molar mass of the unknown compound is 0.63 g/mol.
Calculate the vapor pressure of water above a solution prepared by dissolving 28.5 g of glycerin (c3h8o3) in 135 g of water at 343 k. (the vapor pressure of water at 343 k is 233.7 torr.)
The vapor pressure of water above a solution prepared by dissolving glycerin in water at 343K is equal to the vapor pressure of pure water at the same temperature, which is 233.7 Torr, as glycerin is nonvolatile.
Explanation:In this problem, we're asked to calculate the vapor pressure of water above a solution of glycerin in water. The key concept here is Raoult's Law, which states that the vapor pressure of a solvent above a solution (in this case water) is directly proportional to the mole fraction of that solvent in the solution.
Glycerin (C3H8O3) is essentially nonvolatile, meaning it does not contribute to the vapor pressure. Therefore, the vapor pressure of the solvent (water) is not altered by the addition of the glycerin. Essentially, the vapor pressure of the water in the solution is the same as the vapor pressure of pure water at the same temperature.
The given vapor pressure of pure water at 343 K is 233.7 Torr. Hence, the vapor pressure of water above the solution prepared by dissolving 28.5 g of glycerin in 135 g of water at the same temperature is also 233.7 Torr.
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The vapor pressure of water above a solution containing 28.5 g of glycerin and 135 g of water at 343 K is calculated using Raoult's Law. The resulting vapor pressure is 224.352 torr.
Calculation of Vapor Pressure
To calculate the vapor pressure of water above a solution containing 28.5 g of glycerin ([tex]C_3H_8O_3[/tex]) and 135 g of water at 343 K, we use Raoult's Law.
Molar mass of glycerin ([tex]C_3H_8O_3[/tex]) = 3(12.01) + 8(1.008) + 3(16.00) = 92.094 g/mol
Moles of glycerin =
28.5 g / 92.094 g/mol = 0.309 moles
Molar mass of water (H2O) = 2(1.008) + 16.00 = 18.016 g/mol
Moles of water =
135 g / 18.016 g/mol = 7.495 moles
Mole fraction of water ([tex]X_{water[/tex]) = moles of water / (moles of water + moles of glycerin)
[tex]X_{water[/tex] = 7.495 moles / (7.495 + 0.309) = 0.960
Use Raoult's Law to find the vapor pressure of the solution.Raoult's Law:
[tex]P_{solution[/tex]= [tex]X_{water[/tex]* [tex]P_{water[/tex]
[tex]P_{solution[/tex]= 0.960 * 233.7 torr = 224.352 torr
Therefore, the vapor pressure of water above the solution at 343 K is 224.352 torr.
How many grams of naoh would react with 507 g fecl2 in the reaction fecl2 + 2naoh fe(oh)2(s) + 2nacl?
Answer:ANSWER
Explanation:
Matt made a list of materials that conduct heat and electricity he noted that most materials that conduct heat also conduct electricity Matt concluded that only metals conduct both heat and electricity how would you respond to matt's conclusion
Matt's conclusion that only metals conduct both heat and electricity is partially correct. While most metals do conduct both, there are also non-metal substances, like graphite and ionic solutions, that exhibit these properties.
Explanation:While Matt's observation that many materials that conduct heat also conduct electricity is correct, his conclusion that only metals conduct both heat and electricity is not completely accurate. In fact, there are also some non-metal materials which can conduct heat and electricity. For example, graphite, a form of carbon and a non-metal, has layers of carbon atoms that are free to move and conduct electricity. Similarly, many ionic solutions can also conduct electricity when they are in the liquid state as their ions are free to move.
Conduction of heat and electricity often happens in materials that have free electrons. Metals are a great example of this, but they're not the only example. So, while it's true that most metals do conduct both heat and electricity, it's important to note that they are not the only materials that can do so.
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Which factor is generally responsible for high melting points?
Answer:
High intermolecular forces of attraction.
Explanation:
When the molecules are attracted to each other, it takes more energy (heat) to break that attraction apart. In order to take a substance from a solid to a liquid, you must break these attractions.
A voltaic cell consists of a nickel electrode in a solution containing Ni2+ ions, and a copper electrode in a solution containing Cu2+ ions. Which is the cell potential? a. E subscript c e l l space end subscript superscript 0 space end superscript equals minus 0.59 V b. E subscript c e l l space end subscript superscript 0 space end superscript equals plus 0.59 V c. E subscript c e l l space end subscript superscript 0 space end superscript equals minus 0.09 V d. E subscript c e l l space end subscript superscript 0 space end superscript equals plus 0.09 V
The cell potential of a voltaic cell depends on the difference in reduction potential between the two half-cells. In this case, the copper electrode has a higher reduction potential than the nickel electrode, resulting in a positive cell potential of +0.59 V.
Explanation:The cell potential of a voltaic cell can be determined by the difference in reduction potential between the two half-cells. In this case, the reduction potential of copper is higher than that of nickel. The copper electrode will be reduced while the nickel electrode will be oxidized. The standard cell potential for this voltaic cell is +0.59 V. Therefore, the correct answer is option b) Ecell0 = +0.59 V.
Silver tarnishes as silver metal reacts with hydrogen sulfide, H2S, in the air. In this reaction, dark silver sulfide, Au2S, covers the surface of silver. When silver is polished, this coating of silver sulfide can be removed from the surface. This makes the silver shiny again. Enter the coefficients that balance the tarnishing reaction equation. (Type 1 for no coefficient.)Ag(s) + H2S(g) → Ag2S(s) + H2(g)
Balanced the tarnishing equation:
2Ag(s) + 1H₂S(g) → 1Ag₂S(s) + 1H₂(g).
According to principle of mass conservation, number of atoms must be equal on both side of balanced chemical reaction.
There are two silver atoms, two hydrogen atoms and one sulfur atom on both side of balanced chemical reaction.
The coefficients that will balance the tarnishing reaction equation are: 2, 1, 1,1
What is a chemical equationChemical equations are representations of chemical reactions using symbols and formula of the reactants and products.
The reactants are located on the left side while the products are located on the right side.
Reactants —> Products
The balancing of chemical equations follows the law of conservation of matter which states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but can be transferred from one form to another.
Thus, we can obtain the coefficients that will balance the tarnishing reaction equation by simply balancing the equation:
How to balance the equationAg(s) + H₂S(g) → Ag₂S(s) + H₂(g)
There are 2 atoms of Ag on the right side and 1 atom on the left side. It can be balanced by writing 2 before Ag as shown below:
2Ag(s) + H₂S(g) → Ag₂S(s) + H₂(g)
Thus, the equation is balanced.
The coefficients are: 2, 1, 1, 1
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What reaction shows one element taking the place of another in a compound?
If poison is suspected in deaths how would you proceed with the investigation
How can a sample of uranium-235 that has critical mass be induced to react? it must be spilt with a laser. it must be fused to a helium nucleus. it must be bombarded with neutrons. it must be shot with light speed electrons?
What is produced when benzene reacts with chlorine in the presence of an iron catalyst?
Which of the following would have the highest viscosity? water honey salad oil alcohol
How much heat is removed from the skin by the evaporation of 190 g (about 1/2 cup) of isopropyl alcohol?
The evaporation of 190g of isopropyl alcohol would remove approximately 463.6 kJ of heat.
Explanation:The student asked: 'How much heat is removed from the skin by the evaporation of 190 g (about 1/2 cup) of isopropyl alcohol?' The process of evaporation removes heat from the surface it's occurring on because energy is needed to change a substance from a liquid state to a gaseous one. This is known as the enthalpy of vaporization. Unfortunately, the value provided for the vaporization of water can't be directly used for isopropyl alcohol. However, using related scientific data, the approximate heat of vaporization for isopropyl alcohol is about 2.44 kJ/g. Therefore, to calculate the heat removed by evaporation of 190g of isopropyl alcohol, we would multiply the mass (190g) by the heat of vaporization (2.44 kJ/g) which totals approximately 463.6 kJ.
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To calculate the heat removed by the evaporation of isopropyl alcohol, one would typically multiply the number of moles of the alcohol by its heat of vaporization, which is approximately 45.3 kJ/mol at boiling point; however, the specific heat of vaporization at skin temperature is necessary to determine the exact amount of heat removed.
Explanation:To determine how much heat is removed from the skin by the evaporation of isopropyl alcohol, we need the heat of vaporization for isopropyl alcohol (also known as isopropanol). The heat of vaporization is the amount of heat required to turn a liquid into a vapor without a temperature change. Unfortunately, we do not have the exact heat of vaporization value for isopropyl alcohol at human skin temperature provided in the reference, which would directly allow the calculation. However, we can consider that the heat of vaporization for isopropyl alcohol is typically around 45.3 kJ/mol at its boiling point.
For the sake of explanation, let's assume that this value is close enough to use for a skin temperature of 37 °C. The molar mass of isopropyl alcohol (C3H8O) is approximately 60.1 g/mol. First, we would convert 190 g of isopropyl alcohol to moles:
Moles of isopropyl alcohol = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol) = 190 g / 60.1 g/mol
Then, we would multiply the moles by the heat of vaporization to get the total amount of heat removed:
Heat removed (kJ) = moles * heat of vaporization (kJ/mol)
Without the exact value for the heat of vaporization of isopropyl alcohol at skin temperature, we cannot provide the exact amount of heat removed. However, this process illustrates how the calculation would be performed given the correct data.
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If r⃗ =bt2i^+ct3j^, where b and c are positive constants, when does the velocity vector make an angle of 45.0∘ with the x- and y-axes?
The velocity vector for r⟶ = bt^2î + ct^3ï makes an angle of 45 degrees with the x- and y-axes when the time t equals 2b/(3c), found by setting the magnitudes of the x and y components of the velocity vector equal to each other.
Explanation:To determine when the velocity vector makes an angle of 45 degrees with the x- and y-axes for the given position vector r⟶ = bt^2î + ct^3ï, where b and c are positive constants, we first need to find the velocity vector by differentiating the position vector with respect to time.
The velocity vector v⟶ is given by: v⟶ = dr⟶/dt = 2btî + 3ct^2ï. An angle of 45 degrees between the velocity vector and the axes means the components along the x- and y-axes must be equal. This occurs when 2bt = 3ct^2, which simplifies to t = 2b/(3c). Therefore, the velocity vector makes a 45-degree angle with the axes at this specific time t.
The total bonding energy for the products of a reaction is 2535 kJ/mol and the bonding energy of the reactants is 1375 kJ/mol. Calculate the change in enthalpy, and classify the reaction as endothermic or exothermic.
Answer is: 1160 kJ/mol, endothermic.
the change in enthalpy = the total bonding energy for the products of a reaction - the bonding energy of the reactants.
the change in enthalpy = 2535 kJ/mol - 1375 kJ/mol.
the change in enthalpy = 1160 kJ/mol.
There are two types of reaction:
1) endothermic reaction (chemical reaction that absorbs more energy than it releases).
2) exothermic reaction (chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs).