A nuclear chain reaction is a sequence of reactions that sustain themselves, as seen with nuclear fission, where released neutrons from one atom causes the fission of other atoms in a domino effect, requiring critical mass to be sustained and controlled by control rods.
Explanation:A chain reaction associated with a nuclear reaction best describes a process where one event causes additional events, which in turn cause further events in a continual sequence. This is commonly seen in nuclear fission, where the nucleus of an atom, such as uranium-235, splits into smaller parts (two middle-sized nuclei) and releases several neutrons. These neutrons can then trigger the fission of more uranium-235 atoms, creating a domino effect. The reaction can sustain itself provided there is a sufficient amount of fissionable material, known as critical mass. If enough neutrons escape without causing further fissions, the chain reaction will not be sustained. In nuclear reactors, this process is carefully controlled using control rods that absorb excess neutrons. Nuclear fusion is another type of nuclear reaction, where lighter nuclei merge to create a heavier nucleus, releasing energy; this is the process powering the sun, and it can also create chain reactions.
A chain reaction in a nuclear reaction is a self-sustaining process where the fission of one atom causes subsequent fissions, leading to an exponential increase in reactions and energy released. It requires reaching a critical mass, and control rods are used to regulate the reaction.
Explanation:The concept of a chain reaction best describes a multi-stage nuclear process in which the fission of one atom leads to a self-sustaining series of reactions. In a nuclear chain reaction, when a heavy nucleus such as uranium-235 undergoes fission, it splits into smaller fragments and releases two or three neutrons. These neutrons may initiate the fission of other uranium-235 atoms, leading to the release of more neutrons that can cause more fission events. This process can continue, creating an exponential increase in the number of fission events and energy released.
For a chain reaction to be self-sustained, it must reach a critical mass, the smallest amount of fissile material needed to maintain the reaction at a constant level. If a sufficient number of neutrons are lost and do not interact with other fissile atoms, the chain reaction will not occur. Control rods are often used in nuclear reactors to absorb neutrons and control the rate of the chain reaction, preventing it from becoming uncontrolled or reaching a runaway state.
The particle moves first along the y axis from the origin to the point (0,6m) and then parallel to the x axis until it reaches (3m,6m). it is subject to a force f⃗ =cxyi^+dj^, where c = 8.0 n/m2 and d = 13 n . calculate the work done by the force. express your answer using two significant figures.
First we calculate the force.
F = 8 *3 * 6 i + 13 j = 144 i + 13 j
F = sqrt (144^2 + 13^2) = 144.59 N
Then calculate the displacement d.
d = sqrt (3^2 + 6^2) = 6.71 m
Work is the produce of force and displacement, therefore:
W = F d = 144.59 N * 6.71 m
W = 970 J
The work done by the force on the particle which moves first along the y-axis from the origin and then parallel to the x-axis is 970 J.
How to find work done?Work done is the force applied on a body to move it over a distance. Work done can be calculated with the following formula.
[tex]W=F\times d[/tex]
Here (F) is the magnitude of force and (d) is the distance traveled.
The particle moves first along the y axis from the origin to the point (0,6m) and then parallel to the x axis until it reaches (3m,6m).
The particle is subject to a force,
[tex]\vec F=cxy\hat i+d\hat j[/tex]
Here, c = 8.0 N/m2 and d = 13 N. The final point of the displacement of the particle is (3 m, 6 m).
Put the values of (x,y), c and d to find the value of force.
[tex]\vec F=(8)(3)(6)\hat i+(13)\hat j\\\vec F=144\hat i+13\hat j[/tex]
Solving this equation as,
[tex]F=\sqrt{(144)^2+(13)^2}\\F=144.59\rm\; N[/tex]
The initial position of the particle is at the origin (0, 0) and the final position of the particle is (3 m, 6 m). Thus, the displacement is,
[tex]d=\sqrt{(3-0)^2+(6-0)^2}\\d=6.71\rm\; m[/tex]
The work done will be,
[tex]W=144.59\times(6.71)\\W=970\rm\; J[/tex]
Hence, the work done by the force on the particle which moves first along the y-axis from the origin and then parallel to the x-axis is 970 J.
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If the resistance of an electric circuit is 12 ohms and the voltage in the circuit is 60 V the current flowing through the circuit is
If the resistance of an electric circuit is 12 ohms and the voltage in the circuit is 60 V the current flowing through the circuit is 5A
What is ohm's law?
Ohm's law states that the voltage across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided all physical conditions and temperatures remain constant
resistance = 12 ohm
voltage = 60 V
using ohm's law
V = IR
I = V/R
= 60 / 12
= 5 A
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Which subatomic particle is electrically neutral and found in the nucleus of an atom? proton neutron electron orbital nucleus?
Answer:
Neutron
Explanation:
Neutron is an electrically neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
Protron is an electrically positive subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
Electron is an electrically negative subatomic particle found in the orbital of an atom.
If a ball is thrown vertically upward from the roof of 64 foot building with a velocity of 96 ft/sec, then what is the maximum height the ball reaches? what is the velocity of the ball when it hits the ground?\
What is your average speed if you walk 2 kilometers in 20 minutes?
An 80 kg hockey player is skating at 5 m/s. He collides with the wall and comes to a stop in .2 s. What was the force of his impact on the wall
What affects the direction of the current moving through a wire? Check all that apply.
-the direction the wire moves in
-the thickness of the wire
-the direction of the magnetic field
-the type of magnet
-the direction of the needle on an ammeter
The direction of the current in a wire is influenced by the direction of the magnetic field and the movement of the wire in relation to this field. The thickness of the wire affects current amount but not direction. The type of magnet and the ammeter's needle do not determine the current's direction.
The direction of the current moving through a wire is affected by various factors, but let's discuss the pertinent ones here:
The direction of the magnetic field: This has a direct effect on the direction of the current, as per the right-hand rule, which relates the direction of the current to the direction of the magnetic force.The movement of the wire in relation to the magnetic field: If the wire is moved within a magnetic field, this motion induces a current whose direction is determined by the orientation of the movement relative to the magnetic field lines.The thickness of the wire doesn't directly affect the direction of the current, but it can influence the resistance and thereby the amount of current that flows through the wire.Factors such as the type of magnet and the direction of the needle on an ammeter do not affect the direction of the current. An ammeter is a tool used to measure current, not influence it. As for the type of magnet, it's the strength and orientation of the magnetic field it produces that matter, not its inherent type. The relationship between current and magnetic fields is a fundamental concept in electromagnetism, and understanding this relationship is crucial as it forms the basis of electrical motors and generators.
What properties determine the amount of inertia an object has?
After 4 seconds, the car in Problem # 2 applies the brakes and comes to a full stop after 2 seconds. What is the acceleration of the car and what is the braking distance?
#2 A car accelerates from rest at 4 m/s^2. What is the velocity of the car after 4 second?
In a swimming pool, where is the greatest fluid pressure?
Answer:
At the bottom of swimming pool the pressure will be maximum.
Explanation:
Here as we know that pressure inside the water is given as
[tex]P = P_0 + \rho g h[/tex]
here we know that
[tex]P_0[/tex] = atmospheric pressure
[tex]\rho[/tex] = density of water
h = depth inside the water where pressure it to be required
So here from the above equation we know that pressure is increased as the depth inside the water is increased.
So in order to have maximum pressure inside the swimming pool we need to go at maximum depth position.
So it is at the bottom of the swimming pool pressure will be maximum.
The cooling effect inside a refrigerator is produced by
A bag of sugar weighs 1.50 lb on earth. what would it weigh in newtons on the moon, where the free-fall acceleration is one-sixth that on earth?
A bag of sugar that weighs 1.50 lb (or 6.68 N) on Earth would weigh 1.11 N on the moon because the moon's gravity is only one-sixth as strong as Earth's gravity.
Explanation:To find the weight of the bag of sugar on the moon, we first need to convert its weight on earth from pounds to newtons. As 1.0 lb is equivalent to 4.45 N, a 1.50-lb bag of sugar would weigh 6.68 N on Earth. On the moon, where the free-fall acceleration is one-sixth of what it is on Earth, this weight would be reduced by a factor of 6, giving a weight of approximately 1.11 N.
So, a 1.50-lb bag of sugar which weighs 6.68 N on Earth would weigh 1.11 N on the moon.
To understand why this is the case, it's necessary to understand that weight varies depending on location because it depends on the force of gravity. On the moon, gravity is only one-sixth as strong as it on Earth, which is why objects weigh less there.
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Approximating venus's atmosphere as a layer of gas 50 km thick, with uniform density 21 kg/m3, calculate the total mass of the atmosphere.
A certain car is accelerating at 5.0 km/h/s. Explain what is happening to the motion of the car.
Question 6. B) and c)
Discuss the properties of a scalar quantity. give an example of a scalar.
Answer:
A physical quantity which is described completely by its magnitude only, is called a scalar quantity.
Examples- Velocity ,Temperature, Speed
Properties
Scalar quantity does not have directions.It has magnitude onlyIt does not have directionIt is specified by a number and a unitIt is represented by quantity symbolIn order for psychologists to be able to offer patient care, they must be __________.
A.
good
B.
caring
C.
licensed
D.
smart
Through which does light travel best?
An object of mass 0.5 kg is swung in uniform circular motion. The radius is 2 meters, and the force exerted is 4 N. Calculate the magnitude of the velocity.
The magnitude of the velocity swung in uniform circular motion is equal 4 m/s.
Given the following data:
Mass of object = 0.5 kgRadius = 2 metersForce = 4 NewtonTo calculate the magnitude of the velocity:
Mathematically, centripetal force is given by the formula:
[tex]F_c = \frac{mv^2}{r}[/tex]
Making v the subject of formula, we have:
[tex]V = \sqrt{\frac{F_c r}{m} }[/tex]
Substituting the parameters into the formula, we have;
[tex]V = \sqrt{\frac{4 \times 2}{0.5} }\\\\V = \sqrt{\frac{8}{0.5} }\\\\V =\sqrt{16}[/tex]
V = 4 m/s
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Ball is thrown upward from the ground with an initial speed of 25 m/s; at the same instant, another ball is dropped from a building 15 m high. after how long will the balls be at the same height?
The problem involves the principles of projectile motion. The ball thrown upward reaches its peak in 2.5 seconds. The ball dropped from the building cover 15 meters in about 1.75 seconds. Therefore, after the peak, the first ball will take an additional 0.75 second to descend to the point where both balls are at the same height, about 3.25 seconds from the start.
Explanation:This physics problem involves applying the principles of projectile motion. We start by calculating the time it takes for the ball thrown upward to reach its peak. Since acceleration acting against the motion of the first ball is gravity (9.8 m/s²), using the formula final velocity = initial velocity - (acceleration* time), and since the final upward velocity at the top is 0, we calculate the time it takes the throw up ball to peak as 2.5 seconds (0 = 25m/s - 9.8m/s² * t).
Next, we calculate the time it takes for a ball to fall 15m from rest (assume the drop from the building begins from rest). We use the formula h = 0.5*g*t² which we rearrange to solve for time, yielding t=√(2h/g). Using this formula with h = 15m, we get t ≈ 1.75 seconds.
Therefore, the ball thrown upwards must start to descend after reaching peak so that both balls meet at the same height. Subtracting the two times, we get 2.5 seconds - 1.75 seconds = 0.75 second. Ball 1 will take 0.75 seconds to descend so that both balls reach the same height at the same instance. So, after approximately 3.25 seconds from the start of projectile motion, the two balls will be at the same height.
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Explain the deeply rooted historical factors that moved america toward independence from britain.
When ethane (c2h6) reacts with chlorine (cl2) the main product is c2h5cl; but other products containing cl (chlorine), such as c2h4cl2, are also obtained in small quantities. the formation of these other products reduces the yield of c2h5cl. in a certain experiment 145 g of c2h6 reacts with 215 g of cl2. (a) assuming that c2h6 and cl2 react only to form c2h5cl and hcl, calculate the theoretical yield of c2h5cl?
Final answer:
To calculate the theoretical yield of C2H5Cl in the reaction between ethane and chlorine, you need to determine the limiting reactant and use stoichiometry to calculate the yield.
Explanation:
The reaction between ethane (C2H6) and chlorine (Cl2) produces mainly ethyl chloride (C2H5Cl), but other products such as dichloroethane (C2H4Cl2) may also be formed in smaller quantities. These additional products reduce the overall yield of ethyl chloride. To calculate the theoretical yield of C2H5Cl, we first need to determine the limiting reactant. This is done by comparing the stoichiometric ratios of the reactants: C2H6 and Cl2.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
C2H6 + Cl2 → C2H5Cl + HCl
To calculate the theoretical yield of C2H5Cl, you can use the following steps:
Convert the given masses of C2H6 and Cl2 to moles using their respective molar masses.Determine the mole ratio between C2H6 and C2H5Cl from the balanced equation.Use the mole ratio to calculate the moles of C2H5Cl that can be formed.Convert the moles of C2H5Cl to grams using its molar mass.The resulting value will be the theoretical yield of C2H5Cl.
If the labor force of 155 million people is growing by 1.0 percent per year, how many new jobs have to be created each month to keep unemployment from increasing?
First let us compute for the total growth in population.
Growth = 155 million * 0.01
Growth = 1.55 million
Since there are 12 months in a year, therefore the new jobs every month should be:
new jobs per month = 1.55 million / 12
new jobs per month = 0.129 million = 129,167
To keep unemployment from increasing in a labor force of 155 million growing at 1.0 percent per year, around 129,167 new jobs need to be created each month.
If the labor force of 155 million people is growing by 1.0 percent per year, the total increase in the labor force per year would be 1.55 million people (155 million times 1%). To determine the number of new jobs needed to be created each month to keep unemployment from increasing, we divide this annual increase by 12 months. Thus, 1.55 million divided by 12 gives approximately 129,167 jobs that need to be created each month.
You throw a ball upward from a window at a speed of 1.5 m/s. how fast will it be moving when it hits the sidewalk 2.6 m below?
You throw a ball upward from a window at a speed of 1.5 m/s. Ball will be moving with velocity when it hits the sidewalk 2.6 m below is 7.3 ms⁻¹.
What is velocity?When an item is moving, its velocity is the rate at which its direction is changing as seen from a certain point of view and as measured by a specific unit of time. Uniform motion an object is said to have uniform motion when object cover equal distance in equal interval of time within exact fixed direction. For a body in uniform motion, the magnitude of its velocity remains constant over time.
Given in the question,
Initial Velocity (u)= 1.5 ms⁻¹
Final Velocity (v)=?
Acceleration=9.8 ms⁻¹ (remains constant on free fall problems)
Displacement (s)=-2.6 m
v² = u²+2as
v² = (1.5)²+2(-9.8)(-2.6)
v² = 53.21
v = √53.21
v = 7.2945 ≈ 7.3 ms⁻¹
Ball will be moving with velocity when it hits the sidewalk 2.6 m below is 7.3 ms⁻¹.
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What does buoyancy depend on?
A. the density of the object and the density of the fluid
B. atmospheric pressure and the density of the object
C. The density of the object and the force of gravity
D. the density of the surrounding air and the density of water
Answer:
D. the density of the surrounding air and the density of water.
The buoyancy depends on D. the density of the surrounding air and the density of water.
Is buoyancy depending on density?be aware of how the buoyant pressure most effective depends on the density of the fluid ρ in which the object is submerged, the acceleration due to gravity g, and the quantity of the displaced fluid V f V_f VfV, start subscript, f, quit subscript. fairly the buoyant force doesn't rely upon the general depth of the item submerged.
what is buoyancy provide an explanation for?the tendency of a frame to glide or to upward push whilst submerged in a fluid trying out an item's buoyancy. chemistry: the electricity of a fluid to exert upward pressure on a frame positioned in it the buoyancy of water also : the upward force exerted.
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An insulated lunch bag keeps food warm by
An insulated lunch bag uses materials that slow down heat transfer.
Importance of Features in Insulated Containers
An insulated lunch bag keeps food warm by utilizing materials that slow down heat transfer, complying with the principles of thermodynamics. To understand which features are most important in minimizing the rate of a hot beverage cooling, we need to consider the mechanisms of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. A metal lining might conduct heat, leading to quicker heat loss, unless it's part of a vacuum layer such as in a thermos. Insulating cup material, on the other hand, is crucial as materials like polystyrene or foam are poor conductors of heat and therefore reduce heat loss through conduction. The importance of a lid can't be overstated because it traps hot air and reduces heat loss through convection.
It takes 3.3 j of work to stretch a hooke's-law spring 15 cm from its unstressed length. how much the extra work is required to stretch it an additional 11.3 cm? answer in units of j.
Final answer:
The extra work required to stretch the Hooke's-law spring an additional 11.3 cm is 0.9375 J.
Explanation:
To find the extra work required to stretch the Hooke's-law spring an additional 11.3 cm, we can use the formula for the work done by a spring force: W = ½kx², where W is the work done, k is the spring constant, and x is the displacement. Given that it takes 3.3 J of work to stretch the spring 15 cm, we can first find the spring constant:
k = 2W / x² = 2(3.3 J) / (0.15 m)² = 146.67 N/m
Now we can calculate the extra work required to stretch the spring an additional 11.3 cm:
W' = ½kx'² = ½(146.67 N/m)(0.113 m)² = 0.9375 J
Which of the following is an accurate statement?
A. AC Generators produce current that is pulsating, but always remains positive.
B. Step-down voltage transformers have a different number of turns in the primary than in the secondary winding, so they change the incoming voltage to a higher voltage.
C. DC Generators produce current with a voltage that changes from positive to negative.
D. Step-up voltage transformers have a lower number of turns in the primary than in the secondary winding.
When you sneeze, the air in your lungs accelerates from rest to 155 km/h in approximately 0.70 s . what is the acceleration of the air in m/s2?
Final answer:
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time. The acceleration of the air in m/s² when sneezing at 155 km/h in 0.70 s is approximately 61.51 m/s².
Explanation:
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity over time. In this case, the air in your lungs accelerates from rest to 155 km/h in approximately 0.70 s. To calculate the acceleration in m/s², we convert the final velocity to m/s and use the formula for acceleration.
Given: Initial velocity = 0 m/s, Final velocity = 155 km/h = 43.06 m/s, Time = 0.70 s. Acceleration = (Final velocity - Initial velocity) / Time.
Substitute the values: Acceleration = (43.06 m/s - 0 m/s) / 0.70 s = 61.51 m/s².
An atom with 4 protons, 5 neutrons, and 4 electrons has an atomic mass of _____ amu. (Enter a whole number.)
Answer:
4+5=9 amu
Explanation:
Together, the number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element's mass number: mass number = protons + neutrons.
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