Describe the photoelectric effect and explain why it made modifications to the Rutherford model necessary.
Answer:
The emission of free carriers or electrons taking place when light falls into a substance is termed as the photoelectric effect. On the basis of the Rutherford model, the light of any energy should possess the tendency to cause the electrons to leave the atom and get emitted.
The energy obtained from the emitted electrons should be associated with the intensity of the light. However, the energy of the electron is in the real sense only associated with the energy of the light.
In a particular redox reaction, clo2– is oxidized to clo4– and ag is reduced to ag. complete and balance the equation for this reaction in acidic solution. phases are optional.
We balance the given redox reaction using the half-reaction method. First, we write the half-reactions, balance atoms other than H and O, balance O by adding H2O, balance H by adding H+ ions, and ensure electrical neutrality by adding electrons. The result is the balanced reaction: 2Ag + clo2- + 2H2O → 2Ag + clo4- + 4H+.
Explanation:The task is to balance a redox reaction wherein clo2– is oxidized to clo4– and Ag is reduced to Ag in an acidic solution. We do this by employing a method known as the half-reaction method which involves the following steps:
First, write separate half-reactions for oxidation and reduction. In our case, clo2– gets oxidized to clo4–, so we write: clo2-→clo4-. As for reduction, there is no actual change in Ag. It remains Ag. Next, balance the atoms other than H and O. In our case, Cl is already balanced. Balance oxygen atoms by adding H2O. For every O atom required, add 1 H2O on the side lacking oxygen. So, we add 2 H2O molecules in our case to the left side: clo2- + 2H2O → clo4-. Balance the quantities of H by adding H+ ions. We have 4 H on the left side. So, we add 4H+ on the right side of the equation as such: clo2- + 2H2O → clo4- + 4H+. Ensure electrical neutrality by adding electrons. We add 4 electrons to the right side in our case to neutralize the 4H+ ions: clo2- + 2H2O → clo4- + 4H+ + 4e-. The complete balanced reaction is then: 2Ag + clo2- + 2H2O → 2Ag + clo4- + 4H+ . This properly represents the redox reaction taking place. Learn more about Balancing Redox Reactions here:https://brainly.com/question/32431557
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The balanced chemical equation, 2NO (g) + 5H2 (g) (Arrow pointing this way >>) 2NH3 (g) + 2H2O (g), can be expressed in words as:
Nitrogen dioxide gas plus hydrogen gas yields ammonia gas plus water
Nitrogen monoxide gas plus hydrogen gas yields ammonia gas plus water vapor
Nickel monoxide gas plus hydrogen gas yields nitrogen trihydride plus water
Nitrogen oxide gas plus hydrogen gas yields ammonia gas plus water vapor
I think it's either B, or D. I can't figure out which one it is though. Please help.
Answer:
B) Nitrogen monoxide gas plus hydrogen gas yields ammonia gas plus water vapor
Explanation:
The given reaction is:
[tex]2NO(g) + 5H_{2}(g)\rightarrow 2NH_{3}(g)+ 2H_{2}O(g)[/tex]
Here the chemical names of the reactants are:
NO = nitric oxide or nitrogen monoxide in gas phase
H2 = hydrogen gas
NH3 = ammonia in gas phase
H2O = water in gas phase i.e. vapor
Therefore the reaction can be expressed in words as:
Nitrogen monoxide gas plus hydrogen gas yields ammonia gas plus water vapor
A solution is prepared by dissolving 15.0 g of nh3 in 250.0 g of water. the density of the resulting solution is 0.974 g/ml. the molarity of nh3 in the solution is ________ m.
To solve this problem, first we assume the volume is purely additive. The density of the mixture can then be calculated by the summation of mass fraction of each component divided by its individual density:
1 / ρ mixture = (x NH3 / ρ NH3) + (x H2O / ρ H2O) ---> 1
Calculating for mass fraction of NH3:
x NH3 = 15 g / (15 g + 250 g)
x NH3 = 0.0566
Therefore the mass fraction of water is:
x H2O = 1 – x NH3 = 1 – 0.0566
x H2O = 0.9434
Assuming that the density of water is 1 g / mL and substituting the known values back to equation 1:
1 / 0.974 g / mL = [0.0566 / (ρ NH3)] + [0.9434 / (1 g / mL)]
ρ NH3 = 0.680 g / mL
Given the density of NH3, now we can calculate for the volume of NH3:
V NH3 = 15 g / 0.680 g / mL
V NH3 = 22.07 mL
The number of moles NH3 is: (molar mass NH3 is 17.03 g / mol)
n NH3 = 15 g / 17.03 g / mol
n NH3 = 0.881 mol
Therefore the molarity of NH3 in the solution is:
Molarity = 0.881 mol / [(22.07 mL + 250 mL) * (1L / 1000 mL)
M = 3.238 mol/L = 3.24 M
To find the molarity of the NH3 solution, divide the moles of NH3 by the volume of the solution in liters.
Explanation:To find the molarity of the NH3 solution, we need to first calculate the moles of NH3. We can do this by dividing the mass of NH3 (15.0 g) by its molar mass (17.03 g/mol) to get 0.881 mol. Next, we need to calculate the volume of the solution. Because density is mass divided by volume, we can rearrange the equation to solve for volume, which is mass divided by density. Substituting in the given values, we get 250.0 g / 0.974 g/ml = 256.62 ml. Since 1 ml is equal to 0.001 L, the volume of the solution is 0.25662 L. Finally, we can calculate the molarity by dividing the number of moles of solute (NH3) by the volume of the solution in liters. Substituting the values, we get 0.881 mol / 0.25662 L = 3.43 M.
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How much of a radioactive parent isotope will remain after three half-lives have passed?
After three half-lives, 12.5% of the original radioactive parent isotope will remain.
To determine the remaining amount of a radioactive parent isotope after a given number of half-lives, you need to understand the concept of radioactive decay.
A radioactive isotope undergoes decay, reducing its quantity over a set period known as a half-life.
Each half-life represents the time it takes for half of the parent isotope to decay into a daughter isotope.
Explanation and Calculation:
1. Concept of Half-Life:
- A half-life is the time required for half of the radioactive parent isotope to decay.
2. Formula for Remaining Fraction:
- The fraction of the parent isotope remaining after n half-lives can be calculated using the formula:
[tex]\[ \left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^n \][/tex]
- Here, n is the number of half-lives.
3. Calculation for Three Half-Lives:
[tex]\text{After 1 half-life:} \\\\\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^1 = \frac{1}{2} = 0.5 \text{ (50\% remains)}\\\text{After 2 half-lives:} \\\\\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2 = \frac{1}{4} = 0.25 \text{ (25\% remains)}\\\text{After 3 half-lives:} \\\\\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3 = \frac{1}{8} = 0.125 \text{ (12.5\% remains)}[/tex]
Conclusion:
Thus, after three half-lives, only 12.5% of the original parent isotope remains. This is calculated using the formula [tex]\(\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^n\)[/tex], where n is the number of half-lives.
3- AR 385-63/MCO 3570.1C is used in conjunction with
Identify the phase in which the water molecules are closest together. identify the phase in which the water molecules are closest together. liquid gas solid dry ice
What is the electron-dot structure of the covalent compound that contains one nitrogen atom, one hydrogen atom, and one carbon atom?
An acid's hydronium ion will donate its proton to a base's hydroxide ion, _________ both. a. acidifying b. alkalizing c. neutralizing
a solution with a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (oh-) than hydrogen ions (h+)
The solution with a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (oh-) than hydrogen ions (h+) are base solutions or solutions which are the basic option B is correct.
What is the base solution?A solution which is basic in nature in aqueous solution they contain more OH - ions concentration than that of H + ions concentration. that is they are, in aqueous solution with a pH greater than 7.
Basic solutions contain ions, with some conducted electricity, and it turn red litmus paper blue, and slippery while touching.
They are mostly used in the manufacturing of soaps, toothpaste, paper and rayon as they do not react with skin due to basic in nature.
Basic substances react to aqueous solutions by accepting or gaining of protons, giving away or releasing the electrons, or releasing and make free hydroxide ions.
Therefore, they are basic solutions. option B is correct
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The given question is incomplete therefore, the complete question is
a solution with a higher concentration of hydroxide ions (oh-) than hydrogen ions (h+)
A.acid
B. base
C.neutral
To how many significant figures can you report your measurement of the mass the nacl sample?
When reporting the mass of the NaCl sample, consider the number of significant figures. The precision of the measurement equipment determines the appropriate number of significant figures to report.
Explanation:When reporting the measurement of the mass of the NaCl sample, you should consider the significant figures. Significant figures are the digits in a number that carry meaning and contribute to its precision. In general, you should report your measurement to the same number of significant figures as the least precise measurement involved in the calculation.
In the given question, there is no specific information provided about the NaCl sample and the precision of the measurement. Therefore, it is not possible to determine the accurate number of significant figures to report. However, it is important to determine the precision of the equipment used to measure the mass and report the measurement accordingly.
If the density of an ideal gas at stp if found to be 0.0902 g/l, what is its molar mass?
Answer: The molar mass of the gas is 2.02 grams.
Explanation:
We are given:
Density of gas = 0.0902 g/L
At STP conditions:
1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 L of volume
And 1 mole of a substance is known as the molecular mass or molar mass of that substance.
To calculate the mass of gas, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Density of gas}=\frac{\text{Mass of gas}}{\text{Volume of gas}}[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]0.0902g/L=\frac{\text{Mass of gas}}{22.4L}\\\\\text{Mass of gas}=2.02g[/tex]
Hence, the molar mass of the gas is 2.02 grams.
The molar mass of an ideal gas can be calculated by multiplying its density (given as 0.0902 g/L) by the molar volume of gas at STP (which is 22.4 L/mol). This gives us a molar mass of approximately 2.02 g/mol.
Explanation:
For an ideal gas at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP), which is 0°C (273.15K) and 1 atm, one mole of the gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L. This is a well-known fact. Now, molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. You're given the density of the gas (0.0902 g/L).
We can use this known volume of a mole of gas at STP and the given density to find the molar mass. The formula to do that would be: Molar mass = Density x Molar volume.
Substitute the values into this equation:
Molar mass = 0.0902 g/L x 22.4 L/mol
Molar mass = 2.02 g/mol
Therefore, the molar mass of the gas is approximately 2.02 g/mol.
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What mass of iodine would react with 48 grams of magnesium to make magnesium iodide? Mg + I2 -> MgI2
Answer:508
Explanation:
I saw from another post or actually 507.8
a family from minnesota turns off the heat and flies to florida for a winter holiday. when they come home, all of their water pipes have burst. what do you think happened?
The volume of solid ice is greater than the volume of water. In winter in the absence of heat water in the pipe freezes, as ice takes greater space to fit in than water, the pipe burst in winter in the absence of heating.
Freezing of water is an exothermic process (heat is released by the system into the surrounding) where as melting of ice is an endothermic process (heat is absorbed by the system from the surrounding). If the heat was on it would prevent ice formation in the pipes.
The water pipes burst due to the expansion of water in them.
Water behaves in an anomalous manner. While most substances expand when heated and contract when cooled, water begins to expand at 4°C.
As a result of this, solid water is less dense than liquid water because it has more volume than liquid water.
Since solid water has more volume compared to liquid water, the pipes may no longer be able to contain the expanding water which has turned to ice leading to the bursting of the water pipes.
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Jon is completing a lab for his chemistry class, and Katarina is finishing a lab for her geology class. They investigated different topics, but they followed similar steps to complete their lab investigations. Even though they are studying different subjects, Jon and Katarina use the same method for completing a lab report because they are both
use the same materials in their lab experiments.
studying the same general content in both science courses
investigating the same scientific law in both courses
using scientific inquiry to conduct their experiments
Jon and Katarina use the same method for completing a lab report because they are both using scientific inquiry to conduct their experiments.
Explanation:Jon and Katarina use the same method for completing a lab report because they are both using scientific inquiry to conduct their experiments. The scientific method is a process that scientists follow to gather information, form hypotheses, test their hypotheses through experiments, and draw conclusions based on their results. It is a systematic and organized approach that can be applied to various scientific disciplines, including chemistry and geology.
Lee and Celia are lab partners. While Celia pours a chemical into a graduated cylinder, some of the chemical splashes onto her arm. What should happen next?
Lee should continue working with Celia after helping wipe off her arm.
Lee should tell the teacher what happened to Celia when he leaves the lab.
Lee should tell the teacher while Celia washes her arm with soap and water.
Lee should have Celia stand in the safety shower while another student tells the teacher.
Answer: Option (c) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
It is necessary to take precautions while performing an experiment in a laboratory. This is because safety measures in the laboratory can prevent any serious injury.
For example, when accidentally an acid spills on Celia's hand then it is important to inform the teacher about it while Celia washes her arm with soap and water.
Also, when doing an experiment or dealing with acids the we should be wearing lab coat, safety goggles, closed shoes and safety gloves.
Thus, we can conclude that out of the given options, Lee should tell the teacher while Celia washes her arm with soap and water, this should be done next.
How many molecules of co2, h2o, c2h5oh, and o2 will be present if the reaction goes to completion?
The number of molecules resulting from a chemical reaction depends on the balanced chemical equation, which is not provided for the ethanol combustion. We would need this to determine the exact quantities of CO2, H2O, and O2 produced from the reaction involving ethanol.
Explanation:To determine the number of molecules present after a chemical reaction has gone to completion, we use the balanced chemical equations. However, the initial question does not provide a complete balanced equation for the reactions involving CO2, H2O, C2H5OH (ethanol), and O2 (oxygen). We are provided information about the combustion of methane and the reaction of propane but not the specific reaction for ethanol, which is necessary to determine the exact number of molecules produced in its combustion.
Given the example of the propane combustion, which yields 3 moles of CO2 and 4 moles of H2O from 0.75 mol of propane, we can extend this stoichiometric ratio to determine the number of molecules. The number of molecules produced from the combustion of a known quantity of another substance, like ethanol, would depend on its stoichiometry. Without the balanced equation for ethanol combustion, we cannot calculate the exact quantities of CO2, H2O, and O2 produced. Therefore, the student should provide the complete balanced chemical equation or clarify if the question is about a different reaction than the ones provided.
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What is the [OH–] in a solution with a pOH of 4.22? 1.7 x 10–10 M 6.0 x 10–5 M 6.3 x 10–1 M 1.7 x 104 M
Answer : The correct option is, [tex]6.0\times 10^{-5}M[/tex]
Explanation : Given,
pOH = 4.22
pOH : It is defined as the negative logarithm of hydroxide ion concentration.
Now we have to calculate the [tex]OH^-[/tex] concentration.
Formula used :
[tex]pOH=-\log [OH^-][/tex]
Now put all the given values in this formula, we get the concentration of hydroxide ion.
[tex]4.22=-\log [OH^-][/tex]
[tex][OH^-]=6.0\times 10^{-5}M[/tex]
Therefore, the [tex]OH^-[/tex] concentration is, [tex]6.0\times 10^{-5}M[/tex]
If 1 calorie = 4.18 kj, how many kj of energy can be released by an apple containing 125 Cal?
Answer:
522.2kJ
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, based on the given conversion data, we apply the following proportional factor to obtain the corresponding energy in kJ:
[tex]125cal*\frac{4.18kJ}{1cal}=522.2kJ[/tex]
Best regards.
What is the best definition of polar covalent bond?
Final answer:
A polar covalent bond is a type of covalent bond with unequal sharing of electrons due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms, leading to a partial negative and positive charge on the atoms.
Explanation:
The best definition of a polar covalent bond is a type of covalent bond in which the electrons are shared unequally between the bonded atoms. This disparity in sharing occurs because the atoms involved have different electronegativities - a measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons in a bond.
When the difference in electronegativities between the two atoms falls between 0.4 and 1.7, the electrons are not shared equally, leading to a polar bond. One atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly, giving it a partial negative charge, while the other atom acquires a partial positive charge, creating a dipole.
In contrast, a nonpolar covalent bond occurs when the electronegativity difference is less than 0.4, resulting in equal sharing of electrons and no dipole. On the opposite end of the spectrum, if the difference in electronegativity is greater than 1.7, it may lead to an ionic bond, where electrons are transferred rather than shared.
A polar covalent bond is a type of covalent bond where the electrons are shared unequally between the bonded atoms.
This happens because the atoms involved have different electronegativities, meaning one atom attracts the shared electrons more strongly than the other. Typically, if the difference in electronegativity between the atoms is between 0.4 and 1.7, the bond is considered polar covalent.
Due to this unequal sharing, the molecule has regions with partial positive and partial negative charges, leading to an imbalance in electron distribution. These partial charges create a dipole moment within the molecule, making it polar.
2CO + 2NO yields 2CO2 + N2 which element was oxidized
A 30.5 gram sample of glucose (c6h12o6) contains ________ atoms of oxygen.
There are [tex]6.12 \times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms of oxygen in 30.5 grams of glucose. There is a little over one mole of oxygen in the given mass of glucose, therefore the number of O atoms should be a little over Avogadro's number.
FURTHER EXPLANATION
To get the number of atoms present in 30.5 g of glucose the following steps must be done:
Convert the mass of glucose into moles of glucose.Find how many moles of oxygen are found in the given moles of glucose.Use Avogadro's number to get the number of atoms present in the given moles of oxygen.STEP 1: Convert 30.5 g glucose to moles by dividing the given mass by the formula mass (molar mass).
The molar mass of glucose is 180.156 g/mol obtained as follows:
[tex]formula \ mass \ C_6H_{12}O_6 \ = (6)(12.011) \ + \ (12)(1.008) \ + \ (6)(15.999)\\\boxed {formula \ mass \ C_6H_{12}O_6 \ = 180.156}[/tex]
The mass of 1 mol of glucose is equal t its formula mass in g.
Next, set up the equation below to convert the mass of glucose to moles of glucose.
[tex]moles \ C_6H_{12}O_6 \ = 30.5 \ g (\frac{1 \ mol}{180.156 \ g})\\\\\boxed { moles \ C_6H_{12}O_6 \ = 0.1693 \ mol}[/tex]
STEP 2: Determine how many moles of oxygen are in the given moles of glucose. The subscripts of the elements in the chemical formula will give the mole ratio: 1 mole of glucose has 6 moles of oxygen atoms.
[tex]moles \ of \ O \ = 0.1693 \ mol \ C_6H_{12}O_6 \ (\frac{6 \ mol \ O}{1 \ mol \ C_6H_{12}O_6})\\\boxed {moles \ of \ O \ = 1.0158 \ mol}[/tex]
STEP 3: Use Avogadro's number to calculate the number of atoms of O
1 mol of O has [tex]6.022 \times 10^{23}[/tex] O atoms
[tex]no. \ of \ O \ atoms \ = 1.0158 \ mol \ O \ \times \frac{6.022 \times 10^{23} \ atoms \ O}{1 \ mol \ O} \\\boxed {no. \ of \ O \ \ atoms \ = 6.117 \times 10^{23} \ atoms}[/tex]
Since the given, 30.5 g has 3 significant figures, the final answer must also have 3 significant figures. Therefore,
[tex]\boxed {atoms \ of \ O \ = 6.12 \times 10^{23} \ atoms}}[/tex]
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Mole Conversion https://brainly.com/question/12979299Stoichiometry https://brainly.com/question/12979491Keywords: moles, Avogadro's number
If gas particles start colliding with the walls of their metallic container with increased force, what is their direct effect
higher gas pressure
hope this helps!
The first step in scientific inquiry would be
Which physical property of water best allows solutes dissolved in it to be separated using simple distillation?
Density
Evaporation
Melting point
Surface tension
A single reaction where oxidation and reduction take place is called
what must differ between the atom of two different element easy 10 POINTS
Answer:
protons in the atom
Explanation:
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What is the net ionic equation of the reaction of mgs o 4 with sr(n o 3 ) 2?
One electron in an atom has the quantum number set (3, 1, 0, ½), and another electron in the same atom has the quantum number set (3, 1, 1, ½). they share the
Which bond pair does not have a polar covalent bond? P – Cl O – H S – Cl H – Cl Cl – Cl