Which is the correct net ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous ammonia with nitric acid? Which is the correct net ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous ammonia with nitric acid?NH3(aq) + NO3−(aq) → NH2−(aq) + HNO3(aq)NH4+(aq) + H+(aq) → NH52+(aq)NH2−(aq) + H+(aq) → NH3(aq)NH4+(aq) + NO3−(aq) → NH4NO3(aq)NH3(aq) + H+(aq) → NH4+(aq)

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The last option:

NH₃ (aq) +  H⁺ (aq)  →  NH₄⁺ (aq)

Explanation:

1) Word equation

Aqueous ammonia + nitric acid → aqueous ammonium nitrate

2) Chemical (molecular) equation

NH₃ (aq) + HNO₃ (aq)  → NH₄ NO₃

3) Ionization reactions

Write the dissociation of the soluble ionic compounds:

HNO₃ → H⁺ + NO₃⁻NH₄ NO₃ → NH₄⁺ + NO₃⁻

4) Total ionic equation:

NH₃ (aq) +  H⁺ (aq) + NO₃⁻ (aq) →  NH₄⁺ (aq) + NO₃⁻ (aq)

5) Net ionic equation

You must cancel the spectator ions, which are those ions that are repeated in both reactant and product sides, i.e. NO₃⁻. They are name spectator because they do not participate (change) during the reaction.

NH₃ (aq) +  H⁺ (aq)  →  NH₄⁺ (aq)

And that is the last choice of the list.

Answer 2

A chemical equation that depicts the aqueous electrolytes as dissociated ions is an ionic equation.  The ionic equation is shown by [tex]\rm NH_{3} (aq) + H^{+} (aq) \rightarrow NH_{4}^{+} (aq).[/tex]

What is the ionic equation?

The ionic equation is the depiction of the ions of the compounds or the substances involved in the reaction.

The word equation for the aqueous ammonia with nitric acid can be shown as,

[tex]\text{Ammonia (aq) + nitric acid} \rightarrow \text{Ammonium nitrate (aq)}[/tex]

Its molecular reaction can be shown as,

[tex]\rm NH_{3} (aq) + HNO_{3} (aq) \rightarrow NH_{4} NO_{3}[/tex]

The dissociation of the ions can be shown as,

[tex]\rm HNO_{3} \rightarrow H^{+} + NO_{3}^{-}[/tex]

[tex]\rm NH_{4} NO_{3} \rightarrow NH_{4}^{+} + NO_{3}^{-}[/tex]

The total ionic reaction will be,

[tex]\rm NH_{3} (aq) + H^{+} (aq) + NO_{3}^{+}(aq) \rightarrow NH_{4}^{+}(aq) + NO_{3}^{-} (aq)[/tex]

The total net ionic reaction can be shown as,

[tex]\rm NH_{3} (aq) + H^{+} (aq) \rightarrow NH_{4}^{+} (aq)[/tex]

Therefore, option D. [tex]\rm NH_{3} (aq) + H^{+} (aq) \rightarrow NH_{4}^{+} (aq)[/tex] is the net ionic reaction.

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Related Questions

Calculate the number of moles of chlorine gas needed to form 14 moles of iron (iii) chloride

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{ \text{21 mol}}[/tex]

Explanation:

(a) Balanced equation

You haven't given the complete reaction, but we can use a partial equation so long as Cl is balanced.

3Cl₂ + … ⟶ 2FeCl₃ + …

(b). Calculation

You want to convert moles of FeCl₃  to moles of Cl₂

The molar ratio is 3 mol Cl₂:2 mol FeCl₃

[tex]\text{Moles of Cl$_{2}$} =\text{14 mol FeCl$_{3}$} \times \dfrac{\text{3 mol Cl$_{2}$}}{\text{2 mol FeCl$_{3}$}} = \text{21 mol Cl$_{2}$}\\\\\text{You need }\boxed{ \textbf{21 mol of Cl$_{2}$}}\text{ to form 14 mol of FeCl$_{3}$}.[/tex]

Carl's chemistry teacher asked him to make a 1 M sodium chloride solution. Carl measured 58.44 grams NaCl, added it to a volumetric flask, and then added enough water to make a 1 liter solution. Carl's lab partner told him that he had made the 1 M solution incorrectly. How would you respond to her comment regarding Carl's lab technique?

Answers

Answer:

After measuring the solute, Carl should first dissolve the solid in a small amount of DI water before diluting to the total volume.

Explanation:

To ensure that all the solute dissolves in the solution, first dissolve the solid in less than the total volume of solution needed.

Molarity is the moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of the solution.

1 M NaCl solution is 1 moles of NaCl in 1 L of the solution.

Here the solute is NaCl and its molar mass is 58.44 g/mol. So measuring out 58.44 g of NaCl gives 1 moles of NaCl. Carl then added water to bring the volume up to 1 Liter. Carl's lab technique is correct.

How much of a 5.2M NaOH solution is required in order to make 750 mL of a 1.7M NaOH solution

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{245 mL}}[/tex]

Explanation:

You are diluting the LiNO₃ solution, so you can use the dilution formula.

c₁V₁ = c₂V₂

Data:

c₁ = 5.2 mol·L⁻¹; V₁ = ?

c₂ = 1.7 mol·L⁻¹; V₂ = 750 mL

Calculations:

(a) Convert millilitres to litres

[tex]\text{750 mL} \times \dfrac{ \text{1 L}}{\text{1000 mL}} = \text{0.750 L}[/tex]

(b) Calculate the volume

5.2V₁ = 1.7 × 0.750 = 1.275

[tex]V_{1} = \dfrac{1.275}{5.2} = \text{0.245 L} = \text{245 mL}\\\\\text{You must use } \boxed{\textbf{245 mL}} \text{ of the 5.2 mol/L NaOH.}[/tex]

In what frame of reference would you be at rest while riding in a car?

A. the people on the street

B. a child pulling a wagon

C. a bridge over the highway

D. the others in the car

Answers

Answer: D. with the others in the car

In the frame of reference when you look at others riding with you in the car, they look motionless but yet are moving. If we look at a moving car from outside of the car, it appears in motion. Now if you happen to be running at the same speed as the car and you look over it would appear motionless again.

Any questions please feel free to ask. Thanks!

Answer:

The best answer to the question: In what frame of reference would you be at rest while riding in a car, would be, indeed, D: the others in the car.

Explanation:

The reason for this being the correct answer comes mostly from the way that our brains perceive movement, or rest, depending on the motion, or state of movement, of others and of things. In this case, we are being to ask when we would perceive ourselves to be in a state of rest while being inside a moving vehicle, relative to other subjects and objects around. Since the car is moving, if the person looks out the window towards people on the streets, or a child pulling a wagon, or a bridge over a highway, the perception will be that I am moving, relative to the others, and therefore, I am not at rest. But in the moving vehicle, with others in the same state as I am, those people are static and so am I, and therefore I can assume that in this frame of reference, I am at rest while riding a car.

What type of fermentation occurs in human muscle cells

Answers

Lactic acid fermentation occurs in human muscle cells.

Final answer:

In human muscle cells, lactic acid fermentation This typically happens when there is an insufficient oxygen supply, particularly during high-intensity activities causing muscle fatigue. The process involves a chemical reaction where pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid, with the help of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase.

Explanation:

The type of fermentation that occurs in human muscle cells is lactic acid fermentation. This process typically happens when there's an insufficient oxygen supply, particularly during strenuous physical activities leading to muscle fatigue. The chemical reaction of lactic acid fermentation is Pyruvic acid + NADH ↔ lactic acid + NAD+, catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase.

When oxygen is present, pyruvic acid is used in aerobic respiration. In the absence of oxygen, it is converted into lactic acid via lactic acid fermentation. This conversion recycles the enzyme NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue and facilitate high-intensity energy output in short bursts. Lactic acid produced must be removed from the muscles through blood circulation and transported to the liver for further metabolism.

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Write a nuclear equation for the fusion of two h−2 atoms to form he−3 and one neutron.

Answers

Answer:

The nuclear equation that represents the fusion of two H-2 atoms to form He-3 and one neutron is:

[tex]^2_1H+^2_1H{->}^3_2He+^1_0n[/tex]

Explanation:

In a nuclear reaction the nuclides are represented with the chemical symbol preceded by a superscript that represents the mass number (number of protons plus neutrons) and a subscript that represents the atomic number (number of protons).

H-2 is the isotope of hydrogen with 1 proton and 1 neutron, so it is represented as:

[tex]^2_1H[/tex]

He-3 is the isotope of helium with 2 protons and 1 neuron, so it is represented as:

[tex]^3_2He[/tex]

The neutron is represented as:

[tex]^1_0n[/tex]

With that, you represent the nuclear equation for the fusion of two H-2 atoms to form He-3 and one neutron as follows:

[tex]^2_1H+^2_1H{->}^3_2He+^1_0n[/tex]

The clue is to check the balance of both mass numbers and atomic numbers:

Mass numbers: 2 + 2 = 3 + 1Atomic numbers: 1 + 1 = 2 + 0

What is the net charge of the ionic compound calcium fluoride

Answers

Answer:

The net charge of the ionic compound calcium fluoride is zero (0).

Explanation:

Ionic compounds, such as covalent ones, have zero net charge; this is, they are neutral.

Substances with net positive charge are cations and substances with net negative charge are anions.

The charges in the ionic compound calcium flouride are distributed in this way:

Compound formula: CaF₂

Calcium charge: Ca²⁺: this is, each calcium ion has a 2 positive charge

Fluoride charge: F⁻: each fluoride ion has a 1 negative charge.

Then, the net charge is: 1 × (2+) + 2 × (1-) = +2 - 2 = 0.

So, a two positve charge, from one calcium ion, is equal to two negative charges, from two fluoride tions, yielding a zero net charge.

Chemical element with lowest boiling point

Answers

Answer:

Helium

Explanation:

Final answer:

Helium (He) has the lowest boiling point of all elements, boiling at -269°C because it is light and nonpolar, with weak dispersion forces.

Explanation:

The chemical element with the lowest boiling point is helium (He), which boils at -269°C (-452.2°F). To predict boiling points, consider the intermolecular forces such as electrostatic interactions, polarity, ability to form hydrogen bonds, and molar mass related to London dispersion forces. For nonpolar substances like helium, the lighter the molecule, the lower the boiling point. Therefore, helium, being the lightest and nonpolar, has the lowest boiling point among common elements. The boiling points of nonpolar substances typically increase with molecular mass. The higher the molar mass, the higher the boiling point, like in the case of C60, which is much heavier than helium.

A 22.4-l sample of nitrogen at 3.65 atm and 22°c is simultaneously expanded to 57.4 l and heated to 38°c. what is the new pressure of the gas?

Answers

Answer:

1.5 atm.

Explanation:

We can use the general law of ideal gas: PV = nRT.

where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm.

V is the volume of the gas in L.

n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol.

R  is the general gas constant,

T is the temperature of the gas in K.

If n is constant, and have different values of P, V and T:

(P₁V₁T₂) = (P₂V₂T₁)

Knowing that:

P₁ = 3.65 atm, V₁ = 22.4 L, T₁ = 22°C + 273 = 295 K,

P₂ = ??? atm, V₂ = 57.4 L, T₂ = 38°C + 273 = 311 K,

Applying in the above equation

(P₁V₁T₂) = (P₂V₂T₁)

∴ P₂ = (P₁V₁T₂)/(V₂T₁) = (3.65 atm)(22.4 L)(311 K)/(57.4 atm)(295 L) = 1.5 atm.

Final answer:

Using the combined gas law, the new pressure of the nitrogen gas after it is expanded to 57.4 L and heated to 38
°C is approximately 1.267 atm.

Explanation:

To calculate the new pressure of the nitrogen gas after expansion and heating, we can use the combined gas law, which is an amalgamation of Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's laws:

P1V1/ T1 = P2 V2/ T2,

where P1 and P2 are the initial and final pressures, V1 and V2 are the initial and final volumes, and T1 and T2 are the initial and final temperatures in Kelvin. Applying the given values:

P1 = 3.65 atm

V1 = 22.4 L

T1 = 22 °C + 273 = 295 K

V2 = 57.4 L

T2 = 38 °C + 273 = 311 K

By plugging these values into the combined gas law, we can solve for P2:

3.65 atm 22.4 L / 295 K = P2  57.4 L / 311 K

Now solve for P2:

P2 = (3.65 atm 22.4 L / 295 K) (311 K / 57.4 L)

After calculating, the final pressure P2 is found to be approximately 1.267 atm (when rounded to three significant figures).

25.0 ml of 0.212 m naoh is neutralized by 13.6 ml of an hcl solution. The molarity of the naoh solution is

Answers

hi i have no friends

\Answer:

Explanation:

Answer:

Molarity of NaOH = 0.212M, Molarity of HCl = 0.436M

Explanation:

Before answering the question, it is crucial to write out the chemical equation between HCl and NaOH. This is given below as;

HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O

HCl is the Acid and NaOH is the base.

From the reaction we can tell that 1 mole of HCl reacts with 1 mole of NaOH.

We use the acid base relationship in calculating unknown concentration;

[tex]\frac{CaVa}{CbVb} = \frac{Na}{Nb}[/tex]

The question stated the following;

Volume of NaOH (Vb) = 25.0ml

Concentration of NaOH (Cb) = 0.212M

Volume of HCl (Va) = 13.6ml

Concentration of HCl (Ca) = ?

From the equation above;

Na = 1

Nb = 1

[tex]Ca = \frac{NaCbVb}{VaNb}[/tex]

Cb = (1 * 0.212 * 25) / (13.6 * 1)

Cb = 0.436 M

The inertness of the noble gases is due to

Answers

Answer:

The inertness of the noble gases is due to the fact that their outermost main energy level of electrons (valence shell) is full.

Explanation:

Inertiness of the noble gases refers to their lack of reactivity, i.e. the stability provided by a full valence electron shell.

The noble gases are He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rd, and, the most recently discovered, Og.

They are located in the last column (18) of the periodic table.

Then, when you do the electron configuration of the noble gases, you find they have the outermost prinicpal energy level full. These are their electron configurations using the abbreviated form:

He: 1s²Ne: [He] 2s² 2p⁶Ar: [Ne] 3s² 3p⁶Kr: [Ar] 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶Rn: [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶

Being their valence orbitals full, these elements will not be very likely to exchange or share electrons, which is the reason of their inertness.

This does not mean that they do not react at all. Xe and F (the most reactive nonmetal) form some compounds.

Final answer:

The inertness of noble gases is due to their full outer electron shells, resulting in high ionization energies and low electron affinities which make them resistant to forming chemical bonds.

Explanation:

The inertness of the noble gases is fundamentally due to their electronic configuration. Noble gases like helium, neon, argon, etc., all have their outer shell completely filled, usually achieving what is known as a full octet for elements beyond helium. This stable configuration of ns²p⁶ (where 'n' is the principal quantum number) in the valence shell means that they have high ionization energies, making it very difficult for these atoms to lose an electron. Similarly, their electron affinity is very low, as any gained electron would have to enter a higher energy level, making the binding of an extra electron quite weak. Consequently, noble gases are resistant to forming chemical bonds and are unreactive under normal conditions, aside from heavier noble gases like xenon that can form compounds under specific, high-energy conditions.

The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. how old is a sample that is 75% daughter isotope and 25% parent isotope?

Answers

Half-life it tells you about the amount of time needed that half of the quantity of an isotope to disintegrate.

For carbon-14, assuming that the daughter isotope is a stable one and does not disintegrate further, you have:

parent isotope           daughter isotope             years

100%                            0%                                     0

50%                             50%                                  5,730

25%                             75%                                  11,460

How many moles of O2 are consumed if 20 moles of SO2 are produced

Answers

Answer:

25

I hope this helps

20 moles of O2 are consumed if 20 moles of SO2 are produced.

How 20 moles of O2 are consumed?

The mole, is the SI base unit of amount of substance. The quantity amount of substance is a measure of how many elementary entities of a given substance are in an object or sample.

1) Balanced chemical equation:

S + O₂ → SO₂

2) Mole ratios:

1 mol S : 1 mol O₂ : 1 mol SO₂

3) Proportion:

1 mol SO₂ / 1 mol O₂ = 20 mol SO₂ / x

4) Solve for x:

x = 20 mol SO₂ × 1 mol O₂ / 1 mol SO₂ = 20 mol O₂.

The answer is 20 moles.

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What is the difference between the alpha and beta carbon in amino acids?

Answers

Final answer:

The alpha carbon is the central carbon in an amino acid and is bonded to the amino and carboxyl groups, as well as the R group. The beta carbon is bonded to the alpha carbon. These differences in bonding arrangements contribute to the differences in properties and functions of amino acids.

Explanation:

The alpha (a) carbon and the beta (b) carbon are both important structural components of amino acids. The alpha carbon is the central carbon atom in an amino acid, and it is bonded to the amino group, the carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and the R group. The R group is what differentiates one amino acid from another. On the other hand, the beta carbon is not directly connected to the amino or carboxyl group, but it is bonded to the alpha carbon. The difference in the bonding arrangements of these two carbons gives rise to differences in the properties and functions of amino acids.

Rank the following elements by electron affinity 1) fluorine 2) selenium 3) arsenic 4) potassum 5) argon

Answers

Answer:

Fluorine > Selenium > Arsenic > Potassium > Argon

Explanation:

Electron affinity describes the ability or readiness or tendency of an atom to gain an electron.

The higher the value, the higher the tendency. Electron affinity depends on the on the nuclear charge and atomic radius. When nuclear charge is more, electron affinity is high, when atomic radius increases electron affinity reduces.

Noble gases such as Helium, Neon, and Argon would have 0 affinity for electrons because of their stable electronic configuration. From the list, Ar is the least in terms of electron affinity.

Potassium is a metal with large electropositivity which describes the tendency of an atom to lose electrons. Potassium would readily lose electrons instead of gaining.

Between Arsenic and Selenium: Arsenic belongs to group V and Selenium group VI. The two elements both belong to period IV on the periodic table. Across a period, electron affinity increases due to increase in nuclear charge. Therefore, Selenium would have a greater electron affinity compared to Arsenic.

Fluorine has the highest electron affinity of all. It needs just an electron to complete its octet.

Final answer:

The ordering from highest to lowest electron affinity among Fluorine, Selenium, Arsenic, Potassium, and Argon is likely Fluorine > Selenium > Arsenic > Argon > Potassium. This ranking considers each element's tendency and willingness to accept an additional electron to form a negative ion.

Explanation:

The question asks to rank Fluorine, Selenium, Arsenic, Potassium, and Argon by electron affinity. Electron affinity refers to how readily an atom accepts an additional electron to form a negatively charged ion, with a more negative EA value indicating greater attraction for the incoming electron.

Starting with Fluorine, with an electron affinity (EA) of -322 kJ/mol, which has a high electron affinity due to its atomic number (nine) and seven electrons in its valence shell, making it highly likely to bond with other atoms. However, its small valence shell size (n = 2) causes significant repulsion with other electrons already present.

Next is Argon, a noble gas that generally exhibits low electron affinities due to fully-filled valence orbitals, meaning they don't tend to attract additional electrons. Potassium and other alkali metals traditionally have very low (positive or close to zero) electron affinities since they prefer to lose an electron to achieve a stable electron configuration.

Lastly, nonmetals like Selenium and Arsenic, usually have higher electron affinities since they're more likely to gain an electron to complete their valence shells. Based on the trends in the periodic table, the rank from highest electron affinity to lowest would most likely be: Fluorine > Selenium > Arsenic > Argon > Potassium.

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What is the equilibrium expression for this reaction?





Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The equilibrium expression is

[products]/[reactants] and each is raised to its molar coefficient.

So:

[H2}^2[O2]/[H2O]^2

What can acid rain do to buildings and statues

Answers

Answer:

Corrosion and dissolution

Explanation:

Acid rain typically can corrode metallic parts of buildings thereby weakening them. Acids can generally affect most compounds in which metals are no exceptions. We find corrugated roofing sheets becoming weaker and less durable as the rain persists. This is due to the acidity of the rain in such an environment.

Acids reacts vigorously with limestone. Limestone can be used in construction works and it is one of the key component of cements. In contact with acid rain, cemented plasters on buildings can be dissolved and rendered weak.

Marble is a metamorphic limestone. It is rich in calcium carbonate. Due to its beautiful nature, it is used in building statues and for a host of stone works. Acid rain can dissolve statues and also make them weak. This reaction defaces them.

Ions that are present before and after a neutralization reaction are

Answers

Answer:

spectator ions

Explanation:

Ions that are present before and after a neutralization reaction are known as spectator ions.

Spectator ions, such as Ca²+ (aq) and NO3⁻ (aq), do not take part in chemical reactions and remain unchanged before and after the reaction. They are essential for maintaining charge neutrality but can be omitted in net ionic equations.

Ions that are present before and after a neutralization reaction are known as spectator ions. These ions, such as Ca²+ (aq) and NO3⁻ (aq) in a given equation, do not take part in the chemical reaction and remain in solution unchanged. Spectator ions are essential for maintaining charge neutrality but are not involved in the formation of the products of the reaction. In writing net ionic equations, spectator ions can be omitted to simplify the representation of the reaction.

Thallium-201 is a radioactive isotope that undergoes first-order decay. When the concentration of 201Tl is 0.0042 M, its half-life is 73.0 hours. What is the half-life of 201Tl when its concentration is 0.0136 M?

(A) 51.0 hours

(B) 73.0 hours

(C) 123 hours

(D) 236 hours

Answers

Answer:

(B) 73.0 hours.

Explanation:

It is known that the decay of a radioactive isotope isotope obeys first order kinetics.Half-life time is the time needed for the reactants to be in its half concentration.If reactant has initial concentration [A₀], after half-life time its concentration will be ([A₀]/2).Also, it is clear that in first order decay the half-life time is independent of the initial concentration.

So, the half-life of 201Tl when its concentration is 0.0136 M is (B) 73.0 hours.

Equal volumes of 1 m solutions of citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium hydrogencitrate, and sodium dihydrogencitrate are combined and the ph is adjusted to 9.5 using 1 m naoh. what is/are the major species (other than h2o) in the solution?

Answers

Answer:

Na⁺, A³⁻

Explanation:

For easy calculation, let's say you have mixed 1 L of each of these solutions to make 4 L total.

Citric acid (H₃A) has three acidic hydrogens.

The equilibria are

1. H₃A + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + H₂A⁻;   pKₐ =    3.08

2. H₂A⁻ + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + HA²⁻; pKₐ =    4.44

3. HA²⁻ + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + A³⁻;    pKₐ =   5.40

4. A³⁻ + H₂O ⇌ OH⁻ + HA²⁻ ;    pKb  =  8.60

5. 2H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + OH⁻;           pKw  = 14.00

Now, we adjust to pH 9.

Let's look at the weakest acid (Equation3),

pH = pKa + log([A³⁻]/[HA²⁻])

9 = 5.40 + log([A³⁻]/[HA²⁻])

log([A³⁻]/[HA²⁻])= 3.6

[A³⁻]/[HA²⁻] = 10^3.6  = 4000

[A³⁻]= 4000[HA²⁻]

In other words, at pH 9, the weakest acid is completely neutralized. Then, the stronger acids are also completely neutralized.

It takes 3 mol of NaOH to neutralize the H₃A, 2 mol of NaOH for the NaH₂A, and 1 mol NaOH for the Na₂HA.

So, 6 mol of NaOH will neutralize the three acids, bring the pH to 9, and make a total volume of 10 L.

The final solution contains the species: H₃A, H₂A⁻, HA²⁻, A³⁻, Na⁺, H₃O⁺, and OH⁻.

Now we must assess their relative amounts.

Na⁺: 6 mol for neutralization + 6 mol in the original solution = 12 mol.  

[Na⁺] = 1.2 mol·L⁻¹

A³⁻: 1 mol from each of the four solutions = 4 mol A³⁻.

[A³⁻] = 0.4 mol·L⁻¹

The other species all have concentrations less than 10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹.

The major species are Na⁺ and A³⁻.

Final answer:

The major species in the solution are citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium hydrogencitrate, and sodium dihydrogencitrate.

Explanation:

The major species in the solution after combining equal volumes of 1 M solutions of citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium hydrogencitrate, and sodium dihydrogencitrate, and adjusting the pH to 9.5 using 1 M NaOH, are:

The citric acid will be mainly present as the H3C6H5O7 species (citric acid molecule).Sodium citrate will dissociate into Na+ and C6H5O7-Sodium hydrogencitrate will dissociate into Na+ and H2C6H5O7-Sodium dihydrogencitrate will dissociate into Na+ and HC6H5O7-

These species are formed based on the acidic and basic properties of the compounds involved.

How do the electron configurations within a group compare

Answers

Answer:

The electron configurations of the elements within a group share the same structure for the electrons of the highest principal energy level.

Explanation:

This table shows how the electron configurations of the representative groups can be compared.

Group        last shell of the electron configuration

1                 n s¹

2                n s²

13               n s² p¹

14               n s² p²

15               n s² p³

16               n s² p⁴

17               n s² p⁵

18               n s² p⁶

That means that, for example, that the electron configurations of all the elements of the group 17, halogens (F, Cl, Br, I, At, Ts) terminate is n s² p⁵, where n is the principal quantum number (main energy level), which may take the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.

And this structure shows the reason behind the similarity of the chemical properties of the elements within a group, given that the outermost electrons, i.e the valence electrons, are which mostly participate in the chemical reactions.

For the gropus 3 trhough 12, the metal transitions, the comparison must include the filling of the orbitals d and f.

Polonium is a rare element with 33 radioisotopes. The most common one, 210Po, has 82 protons and 128 neutrons. When 210Po decays, it emits an alpha particle, which is a helium nucleus (2 protons and 2 neutrons). 210Po decay is tricky to detect because alpha particles do not carry very much energy compared to other forms of radiation. For example, they can be stopped by a single sheet of paper or a few inches of air. That is one reason why authorities failed to discover toxic amounts of 210Po in the body of former KGB agent Alexander Litvinenko until after he died suddenly and mysteriously in 2006. What element does an atom of 210Po change into after it emits an alpha particle?

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, _{82}^{206}\text{Pb} + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}}[/tex]

Explanation:

The unbalanced nuclear equation is

[tex]_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, ? + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}[/tex]

It is convenient to replace the question mark by an atomic symbol, [tex]_{x}^{y}\text{Z}[/tex], where x = the atomic number, y = the mass number, and Z = the symbol of the element .

Then your equation becomes

[tex]_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, _{x}^{y}\text{Z} + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}[/tex]

The main point to remember in balancing nuclear equations is that **the sums of the superscripts and the subscripts must be the same on each side of the equation**.  

Then

84 = x + 2, so x = 84 - 2 = 82

210 = y + 4, so y = 206

Element 82 is lead, so the nuclear equation becomes

[tex]\boxed{_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, _{82}^{206}\text{Pb} + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}}[/tex]

Final answer:

When 210Po undergoes alpha decay it emits an alpha particle (2 protons and 2 neutrons). As a result its atomic number decreases by 2 and mass number decreases by 4 transforming it into the element Lead (Pb).

Explanation:

When an atom of 210Po undergoes alpha decay, it emits an alpha particle, which consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. This results in a reduction of the atomic number by 2 and the mass number by 4. The atomic number specifies the identity of an element, so when 210Po (Polonium with atomic number 84) loses 2 protons the resulting atomic number is 82, which corresponds to the element Lead (Pb). Hence after the emission of an alpha particle from a 210Po atom, the resulting element is lead (Pb).

Learn more about Alpha Decay here:

https://brainly.com/question/27870937

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A fossil was analyzed and determined to have a carbon-14 level that is 70 % that of living organisms. The half-life of c-14 is 5730 years. How old is the fossil?

Answers

Answer:

The fossil is 2,950 years old.

Explanation:

Since the living organisms stop the metabolic processes when dye, the age of the fossil is equal to the time the carbon-14 isotope (C-14) has been decaying.

Since the hal-life of the radioisotopes, such as carbon-14, is constant, you know that the amount of carbon-14 remaining reduces to half each time a half-life passes, i.e:

One half-life ⇒ 1/2 remainingTwo half-life ⇒ (1/2)² remainingThree half-life ⇒ (1/2)³ remainingn half-life ⇒ (1/2)ⁿ remaining

Now, knowing that 70% or 0.7 parts are remaining you can set the equation:

0.7 = (1/2)ⁿ, and solve for n,  using logarithm properties:

n log (1/2) = log (0.7)

n = log (0.7) / log (1/2) = log (0.7) / log (0.5) = 0.5146

Which means that 0.5156 half-life has elapses, since the fossil started forming.

Since one half-life is 5730 years, the age of the fossil is 0.5156 × 5730 years = 2,948 years, which should be rounded to three signficant figures: 2,950 years.

A container is filled with Neon gas. It has a volume of 1.5L and a pressure of 101.3 kPa. If the volume of the container is increased to 4.00L without removing any of the gas or changing the temperature, what will the new pressure be?Ed Question

Answers

Answer:

37.98 kPa.

Explanation:

We can use the general law of ideal gas: PV = nRT.

where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm.

V is the volume of the gas in L.

n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol.

R  is the general gas constant,

T is the temperature of the gas in K.

If n and T are constant, and have different values of P and V:

(P₁V₁) = (P₂V₂)

Knowing that:

P₁ = 101.3 kPa, V₁ = 1.5 L,

P₂ = ??? kPa, V₂ = 4.0 L.

Applying in the above equation

(P₁V₁) = (P₂V₂)

∴ P₂ = (P₁V₁)/V₂ = (101.3 kPa)(1.5 L)/(4.0 L) = 37.98 kPa.

Energy to break bonds is less than energy release to form bonds.
Is what type of reaction?

Answers

exothermic reaction because the energy absorbed during breaking the bonds of the reactants is less than the energy realised

Answer:

The reaction is a exergonic reaction.

Explanation:

An exergonic response is a synthetic response where the adjustment in the free vitality is negative demonstrating an unconstrained response. For procedures that occur under steady weight and temperature conditions, the Gibbs free vitality is utilized though the Helmholtz vitality is utilized for procedures that happen under consistent volume and temperature conditions.  

In exergonic reaction, during bond breakage energy is required whereas the formation of the bond releases energy. Although exergonic responses are said to happen immediately, this doesn't infer that the response will occur at a perceptible rate.

Thallium-201 is a radioactive isotope that undergoes first-order decay. When the concentration of 201Tl is 0.0042 M, its half-life is 73.0 hours. What is the half-life of 201Tl when its concentration is 0.0136 M?(A) 51.0 hours(B) 73.0 hours(C) 123 hours(D) 236 hours

Answers

Answer:

(B) 73.0 hours.

Explanation:

It is known that the decay of a radioactive isotope isotope obeys first order kinetics.Half-life time is the time needed for the reactants to be in its half concentration.If reactant has initial concentration [A₀], after half-life time its concentration will be ([A₀]/2).Also, it is clear that in first order decay the half-life time is independent of the initial concentration.

So, the half-life of 201Tl when its concentration is 0.0136 M is (B) 73.0 hours.

Scoring scheme: 3-3-2-1 for many reactions near room temperature, the rate and the rate constant approximately double for a 10 °c rise in temperature. what is the value of activation energy in kj/mol for such a reaction

Answers

Answer:

\boxed{\text{52.9 kJ/mol}}

Explanation:

To solve this problem, we must use the Arrhenius equation:

[tex]\ln \dfrac{k_{2}}{k_{1}} = \dfrac{E_{a}}{R}\left(\dfrac{1}{T_{2}} - \dfrac{1}{T_{1}}\right)[/tex]

The activation energy depends on the starting temperature, so, let's assume that

T₁ = 25 °C = 298.15 K

T₂ = 35 °C = 308.15 K

k₂/k₁ = 2

This gives

[tex]\ln \dfrac{k_{2}}{k_{1}} = \dfrac{E_{a}}{R}\left(\dfrac{1}{T_{2}} - \dfrac{1}{T_{1}}\right)\\\\\ln \dfrac{2}{1} = \dfrac{E_{a}}{8.314}\left(\dfrac{1}{308.15} - \dfrac{1}{298.15}\right)\\\\\ln 2 = \dfrac{E_{a}}{8.314}\left(3.3540 \times 10^{-3} - 3.2452\times 10^{-3}\right)\\\\8.314 \ln 2 = E_{a}\left(1.088 \times 10^{-4}\right)\\\\E_{a} = \dfrac{8.314 \ln 2}{1.088 \times 10^{-4}}\\\\E_{a} = 5.29 \times 10^{4}\text{ J/mol}\\\\E_{a} = \boxed{\textbf{52.9 kJ/mol}}[/tex]

The sequence ACGUUGACCCA represents a segment of _____.


DNA
RNA
an enzyme
an amino acid

Answers

Answer:

RNA

Explanation:

DNA would not contain Uracil

Enzyme is different

Amino acids would be made up of codons

What is the changing of substances to other substances by the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of bonds in products?

Answers

Answer:

Chemical change

Explanation:

Chemical changes occur through chemical reactions. In a chemical reactions, reactants combines together and gives new products.  Chemical change is a kind of change in which new products are formed as a result of different bond combinations. They are often associated with the evolution and use of energy.

Chemical changes are not easily reversible and they require a considerable amount of energy. Examples of chemical changes are combustion, rusting of iron, precipitation e.t.c.

A teaspoon of powdered caffeine can be as deadly as a teaspoon of ricin.

True or False

Answers

A teaspoon of caffeine is NOT deadly as teaspoon of ricin                                                                                                            

Answer:

False.

Explanation:

Powdered caffeine is not as deadly as ricin. Ricin is one of the most highly potent toxins in the world. A teaspoon of purified ricin powder can kill an adult human.

Powdered caffeine, on the other hand, is not as dangerous but it still being more dangerous than drinking a cup of coffee. Because a teaspoon of powdered caffeine is like drinking 28 cups of coffee. It is said than 2 teaspoons are able to kill a human.

I hope this answer helps you.

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