which molecule is a product of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide
Sugar
Water
Nitrogen

Answer:

true

Explanation:

Answer:

Some of the factors include:

i. climate change

ii. urbanization

iii. overgrazing

iv. deforestation

v. natural disasters e.g yearly occurrence of wild fire in Austrailian forests

vi. soil erosion

Explanation:

Desertification is a process by which a fertile land degenerates into a desert due to some activities. These activities can either be natural or due to human activities, causing a land to become a desert. It has major effects on plants and animals (either domestic, wild or human).

In the world today, desertification is majorly caused by overgrazing and climate change. But other factors that can contribute to the process of desertification are; soil erosion, urbanization, deforestation, natural disasters etc.

Answer:

There are several reasons why the number of snow leopards is decreasing. Historically, and occasionally still today, snow leopards were hunted for their thick, soft fur.Other times snow leopards are killed by ranchers when the leopards attack their livestock. Humans now use some of the snow leopard’s habitat for farming and mining. This can make the snow leopards or their prey move to different habitats. Conservation groups are working to protect snow leopards and their habitat. Because of this the leopard species has decreased significantly.

Explanation:

Got 100%

The heats of combustion for methanol, ethanol, and n-propanol, when expressed in kJ/mol, are -0.710 × 10³ kJ/mol, -0.644 × 10³ kJ/mol, and -0.56 × 10³ kJ/mol, respectively. This shows that the amount of heat liberated decreases as the molecular weight of the alcohol increases.

The heat of combustion of a substance is defined as the amount of heat energy released when 1 mole of a substance is completely burned in oxygen. Here, the heats of combustion for methanol (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), and n−propanol (C3H7OH) are given in kJ/g, and we need to convert them into kJ/mol.

To do this conversion, you first need to find the molar mass of each alcohol. You can do this by adding up the atomic masses of each element in the molecule.

Using the atomic masses in g/mol from the periodic table, we have: Methanol (CH3OH): 12.01 + 3(1.01) + 16 + 1.01 = 32.05 g/mol; Ethanol (C2H5OH): 2(12.01) + 5(1.01) +16 + 1.01=46.07 g/mol; n-Propanol (C3H7OH): 3(12.01) + 7(1.01) + 16 + 1.01 = 60.1 g/mol.

Next, divide the heat of combustion given in kJ/g by the molar mass calculated in g/mol to obtain the heat of combustion in kJ/mol:

Methanol: -22.6 kJ/g ÷ 32.05 g/mol = -0.710 × 10³ kJ/mol (scientific notation)

Ethanol: -29.7 kJ/g ÷ 46.07 g/mol = -0.644 × 10³ kJ/mol (scientific notation)

n-Propanol: -33.4 kJ/g ÷ 60.1 g/mol = -0.56 × 10³ kJ/mol (scientific notation)

So, the heats of combustion for the alcohols are: Methanol: -0.710 × 10³ kJ/mol, Ethanol: -0.644 × 10³ kJ/mol, and n-Propanol: -0.56 × 10³ kJ/mol. As you can see, the amount of heat liberated per mole decreases as the molecular mass of the alcohol increases.

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The expected bond angle between bromine and oxygen, based on hybridization and molecular geometry, would likely be slightly less than the ideal tetrahedral angle of 109.5°, due to electron repulsion effects.

The bond angle between bromine and oxygen can be predicted using the concepts of hybridization and molecular geometry. If bromine and oxygen were to form a molecule similar to water (H₂O), one might expect a tetrahedral geometry because the valence orbitals of oxygen consist of one 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals. These combine during hybridization to form four hybrid orbitals that point toward the corners of a tetrahedron. The ideal bond angle for a tetrahedron is 109.5°. However, due to the effects of lone pair repulsion, the actual bond angle would likely be less, similar to how the H-O-H bond angle in water is experimentally found to be 104.5°.

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The actual angle between the bromine-oxygen bonds in BrO3⁻ is expected to be less than 120° due to the presence of the lone pair on the central bromine atom.

The ideal bond angle for a sp³ hybridized central atom is 109.5°. However, the presence of lone pairs on the central atom can distort the bond angles. Lone pairs are more electron-rich than bonding pairs, so they repel the bonding pairs more strongly. This repulsion causes the bond angles to decrease.

In the case of BrO3⁻, the central bromine atom is sp³ hybridized and has one lone pair. The lone pair will repel the two bonding pairs between the bromine and oxygen atoms. This repulsion will cause the bond angles between the bromine and oxygen atoms to decrease from the ideal angle of 120°.

The actual bond angle between the bromine-oxygen bonds in BrO3⁻ has been measured to be 107.1°. This is slightly less than the ideal angle of 120°, as expected.

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The question probable may be:

Compared to the ideal angle  120 ,the central atom Br lone pair 1 How you would expect the actual angle between the bromine-oxygen bonds to be  

Answer: Broad, flat teeth for grinding.

Explanation:

Bison are large herbivorous mammals. These belong to the family of Bovidae. They create habitat on the Great Plains and grassland for many different species. Bison are called a keystone species. As the bison forage they cause aeration of soil. This promotes plant growth. They have broad, and flat teeth which help them to grind food. These mammals appear in herd which helps in maintaining a balanced ecosystem.

Answer:

Cathode: O2 + 4H+ +4e--------> 2H20

Anode: 2H2 -4e- ---------> 4H+

Overall: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

Explanation:

A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is an alternative cell to rechargeable cells and batteries. In this cell, hydrogen and oxygen is used to produce voltage and water is the only byproduct.

At the cathode (positive electrode):

O2 + 4H+ +4e--------> 2H2O

At the anode (negative electrode);

2H2 -4e- ---------> 4H+

Adding the two half reactions we have:

2H2 + O2 + 4H+ + 4e-  ----------->  2H2O + 4H + 4e-

The overall reaction after cancelling out the like terms in the reaction is:

2H2 (g) + O2 (g) --------> 2H2O (l)

The hydrogen fuel cell is an electrochemical cell in which hydrogen is oxidized and oxygen is reduced.

A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell in which oxygen enters into the positive cathode and hydrogen flows into the negative cathode. Hydrogen is oxidized and oxygen is reduced during the electrochemical reaction.

At the negative electrode;

2H2(g)  ----->  4H^+(aq)+ 4e

At the positive electrode;

O2(g) + 4H^+(aq) + 4e -----> 2H2O(l)

The overall reaction is;

2H2(g)  + O2(g)  -----> 4H^+(aq) + 2H2O(l)

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Answer:

9.0 g

Explanation:

There is some info missing. I think this is the original question.

A chemist must prepare 0.9 L of sodium hydroxide solution with a pH of 13.40 at 25°C. He will do this in three steps: Fill a volumetric flask about halfway with distilled water. Weigh out a small amount of solid sodium hydroxide and add it to the flask. Fill the flask to the mark with distilled water. Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide that the chemist must weigh out in the second step. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.

Step 1: Calculate the pOH

We use the following expression.

pH + pOH = 14.00

pOH = 14.00 - pH = 14.00 - 13.40 = 0.60

Step 2: Calculate [OH⁻]

We use the following expression.

pOH = -log [OH⁻]

[OH⁻] = antilog -pOH = antilog -0.60 = 0.25 M

Step 3: Calculate [NaOH]

NaOH is a strong base that releases 1 OH⁻. Then, [NaOH] = 0.25 M

Step 4: Calculate the mass of NaOH

The molar mass of NaOH is 40.00 g/mol. The mass required to prepare 0.9 L of a 0.25 M solution is:

[tex]0.9 L \times \frac{0.25mol}{L} \times \frac{40.00g}{mol} = 9.0 g[/tex]

Answer:

3 x 10^4

Explanation:

○ 2 x 10^1  = 20

○ 5 x 10^3  = 5,000

○ 3 x 10^4  = 30,000

○ 7 x 10^-6 = 7/1,000,000

Answer:

kpkgcv gvpspmspabfdpmt

Answer:

Water outside the cell will flow inwards by osmosis to attain equilibrium

Explanation:

In the hypotonic environment, the concentration of water is greater outside the cell and the concentration of solute is higher inside. A solution outside of a cell has a lower concentration of solutes relative to the cytosol.

If concentrations of dissolved solutes are greater inside the cell, the concentration of water inside the cell is correspondingly lower. As a result, water outside the cell will flow inwards by osmosis to attain equilibrium.

Osmosis is a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one through a semipermeable membrane.

Answer:

The empirical formulae is C6H12S02

Explanation:

1. First we need to obtain the mass of each element in the sample and compound formed

Carbon = (62.637 mg * 12.011 g/mol / 44.009 g/mol) = 17.094 mg of Carbon

Hydrogen = ( 25.641 mg * (2 *1..008 g/mol) / 18.015 g/mol) = 2.869 mg of Hydrogen

Sulphur = (13.54 mg * 32.066 g/mol / 64.066 g/mol) = 6.777 mg of Sulphur

2. Next is to determine the percentage composition. Here we divide the respective mass by the mass of the sample

Carbon = 17.094 / 35.161 * 100 = 48.62 %

Hydrogen = 2.869/ 35.161 *100 = 8.16 %

Sulphur = 6.777/ 31.321 *100 = 21.64 %

Oxygen = (100 - (48.62 + 8.16 + 21.64)) = 21.58 %

3. Next is to divide the mass assuming there are 100 mg by the respective atomic masses to obtain the number of moles

Carbon = 48.62 / 12.011 = 4.048 mol

Hydrogen = 8.16 / 1.008 = 8.095 mol

Sulphur = 21.64 / 32.066 = 0.675 mol

Oxygen = 21.58 / 16.000 = 1.348 mol

Next is to divide by the smallest value

Carbon = 4.048/ 0.675 =5.997 = 6

Hydrogen = 8.095 / 0.675 =11.993 =12

Sulphur = 0.675/ 0.675 = 1

Oxygen = 1.348 / 0.675 = 1.997 = 2

So therefore the empirical formulae of the sample is C6H12SO2

Answer: The value of Keq for the reaction expressed in scientific notation is  [tex]1.6\times 10^{-5}[/tex]

Explanation:

Equilibrium constant is defined as the ratio of concentration of products to the concentration of reactants each raised to the power their stoichiometric ratios.

For the given chemical reaction:

[tex]2NOCl(g)\rightarrow 2NO(g)+Cl_2(g)[/tex]

The expression for [tex]K_{eq}[/tex] is written as:

[tex]K_{eq}=\frac{[NO]^2\times [Cl_2]}{[NOCl]^2}[/tex]

[tex]K_{eq}=\frac{(1.2\times 10^{-3})^2\times (2.2\times 10^{-3})}{(1.4\times 10^{-2})^2}[/tex]

[tex]K_{eq}=1.6\times 10^{-5}[/tex]

The value of Keq for the reaction expressed in scientific notation is  [tex]1.6\times 10^{-5}[/tex]

Answer:

its A

Explanation:

Answer: B) Mass Number

Answer:

C. Mass Number

Explanation:

took the test and got 100% so i know its right

The strongest reducing agent Y2+ and the weakest reducing agent is X+.

The more positive the reduction potential of a specie is, the better it serves as an oxidizing agent and is better able to accept electrons. In a nutshell, the specie that has a higher positive reduction potential is a better oxidizing agent. The reducing agent is the specie that has the most negative reduction potential.

Looking the half reaction equations;

We can see that the strongest oxidizing agent is X+, the weakest oxidizing agent is Y2+, the strongest reducing agent Y2+ and the weakest reducing agent is X+.

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Final answer:

The strongest oxidizing agent is Y2+(aq), the weakest oxidizing agent is X+(aq), the strongest reducing agent is Z3+(aq), the weakest reducing agent is Y(s), and substances with a higher reduction potential than Z3+(aq) can oxidize Z.

Explanation:

The strongest oxidizing agent can be identified by looking at the reduction potentials of the half-reactions. The half-reaction with the highest reduction potential is Y2+ → Y(s), with a reduction potential of -1.17 V. Therefore, Y2+(aq) is the strongest oxidizing agent.

The weakest oxidizing agent can be identified by looking at the reduction potentials of the half-reactions. The half-reaction with the lowest reduction potential is X+(aq) → X(s), with a reduction potential of 1.52 V. Therefore, X+(aq) is the weakest oxidizing agent.

The strongest reducing agent can be identified by looking at the reduction potentials of the half-reactions. The half-reaction with the highest reduction potential is Z3+(aq) → Z(s), with a reduction potential of 0.84 V. Therefore, Z3+(aq) is the strongest reducing agent.

The weakest reducing agent can be identified by looking at the reduction potentials of the half-reactions. The half-reaction with the lowest reduction potential is Y(s) → Y2+(aq), with a reduction potential of -1.17 V. Therefore, Y(s) is the weakest reducing agent.

Substances that have a higher reduction potential than Z3+(aq), which is 0.84 V, can oxidize Z.

Answer:

b. Ag ( s )

d. Ni ( s )

[tex]E^0_{total}[/tex]  = 2.97 V

Explanation:

The reduction potentials for the given four (4) electrodes are:

In the first cell:

[tex]Ag^+ + e^- \to Ag \ \ \ \ E^0 = 0.80 \ V \\ \\ \\ Al^{3+} + 3e^- \to Al \ \ \ \ E^0 = - 1.66 \ V[/tex]

In the second cell:

[tex]Zn^{2+} + 2e^- \to Zn \ \ \ E^0 = -0.76 \ V \\ \\ \\ Ni^{2+} + 2e^- \to Ni \ \ \ E^0 =-0.25 \ V[/tex]

Since the cells are connected in series :

[tex]E_{total } > 0[/tex]

Thus; Metal plated in the first  cell = Ag

Metal plated in the second cell = Ni

The total potential [tex]E^0_{total}[/tex] = [tex]E^0 {cell \ 1} - E^0 _{cell \ 2}[/tex]

= (0.80 + 1.66 ) V - (0.25 +0.76 ) V

= 2.97 V

In the first cell, silver is plated and in the second cell, nickel is plated.

In a voltaic cell, there is the production of electrical energy via a chemical reaction. We have two cells;

In the first cell, silver is plated and the Ecell is 2.46 V while in the second cell, nickel is plated with Ecell of 0.51 V.

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Answer:

Explanation:

a ) energy, in electron volts, of the electron in the n = 6 state

= -13.6 / 6² eV

= - .378 eV .

b )

energy of n=3

= - 13.6 / 3²

= - 1.5111 eV

Difference = - .378 + 1.511

= 1.133 eV

the energy, in electron volts, of the photon emitted by the hydrogen atom

= 1.133 eV

c ) No of possible photons

= 6C₂

= 15

d) energy at n = 3

= - 1.5111 eV

50 eV energy is added to it so its energy

= 50 - 1.5111 eV

= 48.4889 eV .

From De broglie wavelength formula

λ = h / √ mE , m is mass of electron , E is kinetic energy h is plank's constant.  

λ = 6.6 x 10⁻³⁴ / √ ( 9.1 x 10⁻³¹ x 48.4889 x 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ )

= 6.6 x 10⁻³⁴ / 26.57 x 10⁻²⁵

= .248 x 10⁻⁹ m

= .248 nm .

Concentration of C, [C] will not appear in the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction.

Ratio of product of concentration of the products to the product of concentration of reactants.

Here,

H₂O(g) + C(s) ⇆ H₂ + CO

The expression for equilibrium constant for the reaction is given by,

K = [H₂] [CO]/ [H₂O] [C]  

where K is the equilibrium constant of the reaction.

We know, the concentration of solids does not change in a reaction and therefore the concentration is taken as unity.

In the given reaction, since the reactant C is in solid form, its concentration is taken as 1.

So, K = [H₂] [CO]/ [H₂O]

As a result, the concentration of C, [C] will not be included in the expression for equilibrium constant.

Hence,

Concentration of C, [C] will not appear in the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction.

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In the reaction H2O(g) + C(s) → H2(g) + CO(g), the component that does not appear in the equilibrium constant expression is C(s), carbon in its solid form. This is because pure solids do not change concentration and do not affect the state of equilibrium.

To answer which component will not appear in the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction H2O(g) + C(s) → H2(g) + CO(g), we need to understand how equilibrium expressions are formed. The equilibrium constant expression for a reaction is based on the balanced chemical equation and includes the concentrations of the gaseous and aqueous species, raised to the power of their coefficients in the balanced equation. Pure solids and pure liquids are not included in the expression because their concentrations don't change during the reaction.

In the given reaction, C(s), which is carbon in its solid form, does not appear in the equilibrium constant expression because as a pure solid, its concentration is constant and does not affect the state of equilibrium. Therefore, the equilibrium constant expression for this reaction would be K = [CO][H2], excluding both the water (H2O) because it is in gaseous form and included in the expression, and the carbon (C) because it is a solid.

Answer:

Formula of sodium carbonate is [tex]Na_{2}CO_{3}[/tex].

Explanation:

Sodium carbonate is an ionic compound consists of [tex]Na^{+}[/tex] and [tex]CO_{3}^{2-}[/tex] ions.

In a formula unit of sodium carbonate, there should be two [tex]Na^{+}[/tex] ions and one [tex]CO_{3}^{2-}[/tex] ion to maintain charge neutrality.

In general, formula of an ionic compound consists of [tex]A^{x+}[/tex] and [tex]B^{y-}[/tex] ions is written as : [tex]A_{y}B_{x}[/tex] ([tex]x\neq y[/tex]) and AB ([tex]x= y[/tex])

If x or y is equal to 1 then it is not written explicitly in formula.

So, formula of sodium carbonate = [tex]Na_{2}CO_{3}[/tex]

Final answer:

The formula for sodium carbonate is Na₂CO₃; it is used for various purposes in chemical experiments such as stoichiometry, titration, and hydration analysis.

Explanation:

The formula for sodium carbonate is  Na₂CO₃. In the context of these questions, sodium carbonate is often used in stoichiometric calculations, titrations, determining solubility of compounds, and calculating the formula of a hydrated compound by heating the sample to remove water of hydration. A sample of sodium carbonate is specified in different quantities across various experimental setups, which highlights its versatile use in chemical reactions and in the preparation of specific molar concentration solutions.

Answer:1.123 x 10^-31cm

Explanation:

mass of humming bird=  11.0g

speed= 1.20x10^2mph

but I mile = 1.6m

1km=1000

I mile = 1.6x10^3m

1.20x10^2mph= 1.6x10^3m /1mile x at 1.20 x 10^2

=1.932 x10^5m

recall that  

1 hr= 60 min

1 min=60 secs, 1hr=3600s

Speed = distance/ time

=1.932 x10^5 / 3600= 5.366 x 10 ^1 m/s

m= a 11.0g= 11.0 x 10^-3kg

h=6.626*10^-34 (kg*m^2)/s

Wavelength = h/mu

= 6.626*10^-34/(11 x 10^-3 x 5.366x 10^1)

6.63x10^-34/ 590.26x 10 ^-3= 1.123 x10^-33m

but 1m = 100cm

1.123 x 10 ^-33 x 100 = 1.123 x 10^-31cm

de broglie wavelength of humming bird = 1.123 x 10 ^-31cm

Answer:

A nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which atomic nuclei of low atomic number fuse to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy.

Answer:

Nuclear  fusion is the joining of two or more nuclei into one nucleus

Explanation:

ap3x approved

Answer:

Reeeeeeeeeerereeeee

Reeeee reee reee ree ree re

Answer:

the speed of which they are running.

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

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Adding 1.4 moles of He to the reaction mixture will have no effect on the equilibrium of the system.

Adding 1.4 moles of He to the reaction mixture will have no effect on the system. The equilibrium of the reaction will not shift to the left or right, and there will be no change in the equilibrium constant. This is because He is considered an inert gas and does not participate in the reaction.

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The pressure exerted by 66.0 g of CO₂ gas at -14.5°C that occupies a volume of 50.0 L is 0.636 atm.

Pressure of any gas will be calculated by using the ideal gas equation as:

PV = nRT, where

P = pressure of gas = ?

V = volume of gas = 50L

R = universal gas constant = 0.082 L.atm/K.mol

T = temperature of gas = -14.5°C = 258.65 K

n is moles of gas and it will be calculated as:

n = W/M, where

W = given mass of CO₂ = 66g

M = molar mass of CO₂ = 44 g/mol

n = 66/44 = 1.5 moles

On putting values we get

P = (1.5)(0.082)(258.65) / (50)

P = 0.636 atm

Hence required pressure is 0.636 atm.

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To calculate the pressure exerted by a gas, we can use the Ideal Gas Law equation and convert the given values to the appropriate units. Then, plug these values into the equation to calculate the pressure.

To calculate the pressure exerted by a gas, we can use the Ideal Gas Law equation:

PV = nRT

Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin. Rearranging the equation to solve for pressure, we have:

P = (nRT) / V

In this case, we are given the mass of CO2 gas (66.0 g), the volume (50.0 L), and the temperature in Celsius (-14.5°C). First, we need to convert the mass to moles using the molar mass of CO2.

Next, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin by adding 273.15. Once we have the number of moles and the temperature in Kelvin, we can plug these values into the equation to calculate the pressure.

Answer: C2H2

Explanation: Because each of the lines represent one bond, and because there are three lines (bonds) between the carbons, it means that they are bonded by three bonds, also known as a triple bond.

The triple bond that we have is shown by image D.

Two atoms share three pairs of electrons in a triple bond, making a total of six electrons present in the bond. Multiple bonds are formed between the atoms as a result of the sharing of electrons, offering a high degree of stability.

Two pi (π) bonds and a sigma (σ) bond define a triple bond. Atomic orbitals overlap head-on to form the sigma bond, whereas side-to-side overlap produces the two pi bonds.

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Answer:

The absolute pressure inside the ball is 1.25atm.

Explanation:

Given-

Volume, V = 5..27L

Temperature, T = 27°C

Gauge Pressure, Pg = 0.25 atm

Atmospheric pressure, Patm = 1 atm

Absolute pressure, Pabs = ?

We know,

Therefore, absolute pressure inside the ball is 1.25atm.

Answer:

The absolute pressure inside the ball is 1.25 atmospheres.

The ball contains 0.267 moles of air

Explanation:

Answer:

The new volume of the balloon is 539 L

Explanation:

As the volume increases, the gas particles (atoms or molecules) take longer to reach the walls of the container and therefore collide less times per unit time against them. This means that the pressure will be less because it represents the frequency of gas strikes against the walls. In this way, pressure and volume are related, determining Boyle's law that says:

"The volume occupied by a given gas mass at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure"

Boyle's law is expressed mathematically as:

Pressure * Volume = constant

o P * V = k

Having an initial state 1 and an final state 2 will be fulfilled:

P1 * V1 = P2 * V2

So, in this case, you know:

Replacing:

760 mmHg*200 L= 282 mmHg*V2

Solving:

[tex]V2=\frac{760 mmHg*200 L}{282 mmHg}[/tex]

V2=539 L

The new volume of the balloon is 539 L

Using Boyle's Law, we calculated the new volume of the weather balloon as approximately 538.7 L when the pressure decreases from 760 mm Hg to 282 mm Hg at constant temperature.

To find the new volume of the weather balloon when the pressure changes, we can use Boyle's Law, which states that the product of the initial pressure and volume is equal to the product of the final pressure and volume, assuming constant temperature.

The formula is:

P₁V₁= P₂V₂

Given: P₁ = 760 mm Hg, V₁ = 200.0 L, P₂ = 282 mm Hg

We need to find V₂.

Rearranging the formula to solve for V₂:

V₂= (P₁V1₁ / P₂)

Substituting the given values:

V₂ = (760 mm Hg * 200.0 L) / 282 mm Hg

V₂ = 152000 mm Hg L / 282 mm Hg

V₂ ≈ 538.7 L

Therefore, the new volume of the balloon is approximately 538.7 L.

Answer:

Explanation:

1.The solution contains 20 mL of methanol and 100 mL of water.

2.The solution contains 20 mL of methanol and 80 mL of water.

3.The solution contains 20 g of methanol and 100 mL of water.

4.The solution contains 20 g of methanol and 80 mL of water.

Answer:

20 % volume/volume methanol in water contains 20 mL of methanol and 80 mL of water.

Explanation:

Total volume of the solution= 20 + 80 = 100 mL

For example, consider the energy used by an electric fan. The amount of electrical energy used is greater than the kinetic energy of the moving fan blades. Because energy is always conserved, some of the electrical energy flowing into the fan's motor is obviously changed into unusable or unwanted forms.

In a car engine, the chemical energy in the fuel converts into mechanical energy, but also produces unwanted heat and sound energy. In electric lighting, electrical energy becomes light energy, but also generates unnecessary heat energy.

The first example is a car engine. When a car engine operates, the chemical energy in the fuel is converted into mechanical energy that moves the car. However, this process also produces unwanted forms of energy, such as heat and sound energy. The heat is generated due to the combustion of fuel, and the sound is created due to the movement of engine parts. This wasted energy reduces the overall efficiency of the energy conversion process.

The second example is electric lighting. The electrical energy that is input into the lightbulb gets converted into light energy, which is useful. But at the same time, unwanted heat energy is also produced. This heat energy is unhelpful and represents inefficiency in the energy conversion process.

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Answer:

Valency electrons is the number outermost electron present in atom of an element . The valency electron of an atom determines the kind of bonding an element undergoes. The valency electrons determines whether an atom of element will either donate electrons or receive electrons.

Explanation:

Valency electrons is the number outermost electron present in atom of an element . The valency electron of an atom determines the kind of bonding an element undergoes. The valency electrons determines whether an atom of element will either donate electrons or receive electrons.

Elements donates  or receive electron to attain or fulfill the octet rule and this account for the stability. Most metallic elements donates electrons and because they have few valency electrons , this also contributes to their ability to loose electrons easily . Metallic elements like sodium, magnesium, calcium etc loose electrons during bonding with other non metals. When metals loose electrons they form cations

Non metallic element have high number of valency electron and they tend to receive electrons from metallic elements to attain stability . When they gain electron they form anions.  

An example of bonding that involves donating and receiving are bonding between Na and Cl atoms to form NaCl . The metallic sodium loose one electron while the chlorine atom gains one electron to attain the octet rule.