Answer:
a. Chromosomes contain several genes, which are made up of sequences of DNA.
Explanation:
Genes are located in chromosomes. A chromosome can hold hundreds to thousands of genes. Each gene is made up of a specific sequence of DNA which determines its trait. Genes are inherited from our parents. They also determine how we look and how we function internally.
NEED AN ANSWER!!!!!
what is a PROPHAGE and what does it do???
Answer: A prophage is the genetic material of a bacteriophage, incorporated into the genome of a bacterium and it is able to produce phages if it is specifically activated. I hope this helps!
Explanation:
Answer:A prophage is a bacteriophage (often shortened to "phage") genome inserted and integrated into the circular bacterial DNA chromosome or existing as an extrachromosomal plasmid.
Explanation:
why is science an important part of policy making?
a. the goal of science is to create good policies
b. Scientists have long been important politicians
c. Science provides the facts that inform good policy
d. The government sponsors a lot of scientific research
Answer:
c. Science provides the facts that inform good policy
Explanation:
Scientific evidence is always based on researched out facts, this are the facts that form explanations.
Reliable explanation of phenomenon in science, helps the government to choose good policies based on the scientific facts.
For instance, the current globalisation problem has been studied by scientists, facts about the causes and ways to reduce this effects have shaped up government environmental policies.
Science is crucial in informing good policymaking because it provides factual evidence to guide decisions. Science policy can lead to diverse employment opportunities and ensures balanced legislation. A solid understanding of science helps individuals critically assess scientific information behind policies. The correct option is c.
Science is an important part of the policymaking process because c. Science provides the facts that inform good policy. Policymakers rely on scientific data and evidence to make informed decisions on a vast range of issues, from environmental protection and public health to technological innovation and resource management. In this way, science policy plays a crucial role in shaping legislation that benefits society and addresses complex challenges.
Engaging with science policy can take various forms and create numerous employment opportunities. Individuals can work at science policy centers, think tanks, and governmental agencies like the NSF, DOE, or NIH. The involvement of scientists in policymaking ensures that multiple points of view inform governance, thus contributing to balanced legislation that avoids the extremes of over- or under-regulation.
Science is not just about understanding the natural world; it is also about applying that knowledge in practical ways that can transform human existence. From the Nuremberg Code to modern environmental regulations, governance of science has shaped research in ways that align with societal interests. Ultimately, a deep understanding of science can help individuals become better consumers of scientific information and more critically assess the science behind public policies.
Cells are limited in size by their surface areas and
Cells are limited in size by their surface area-to-volume ratio, and that explains the relationship between the surface area of a cell and its volume, as the volume increases much faster than the surface area when the cell grows.
What is the significance of the surface-to-volume ratio?The surface area-to-volume ratio becomes a limiting factor as cells grow in size, and it decreases because the surface area can no longer keep up with the demands of the cell as well as a decrease in the efficiency of processes such as diffusion and cellular respiration.
Hence, cells are limited in size by their surface area-to-volume ratio, and that explains the relationship between the surface area of a cell and its volume, as the volume increases much faster than the surface area when the cell grows.
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Match the gases with the explanation that best describes how it’s proportion changed during the evolution of the atmosphere
Answer:Match the gases with the explanation that best describes how it’s proportion changed during the evolution of the atmosphere
Explanation:Match the gases with the explanation that best describes how it’s proportion changed during the evolution of the atmosphere
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you inbred
Which of these statements presents the most accurate prediction of what will happen to this fish population?
A group of small fish lives in a lake with a uniformly light-brown sandy bottom. Most of the fish are light brown, but about 10% are mottled. This fish species is often prey for large birds that live on the shore. A construction company dumps a load of gravel in the bottom of the lake, giving it a mottled appearance.
A. As the mottled fish are eaten, more will be produced to fill the gap.
B. In two generations, all the fish will be mottled.
C. There is no way to predict the result.
D. The proportion of mottled fish will increase over time.
Answer:
D. The proportion of mottled fish will increase over time.
Explanation:
In a lake with mottled appearance mottled fish will have advantage over the light brown fishes because light fishes would be easy to be seen by predators.
The proportion of mottled fish will increase over time because of the natural selection. Natural selection is evolutionary mechanism which changes the frequency of a certain allele (consequently, gene and phenotype) by favouring traits (structures, behavior) of an organism that help him survive and reproduce. In the example, above, mottled fish have mottled phenotype that help them survive and reproduce so it will be favorable trait by natural selection.
Glucose enters the epithelial cells of the small intestine against its concentration gradient. Select the BEST explanation from the following. Glucose is co-transported in the Na /K pump. Glucose is co-transported with Na , which moves down its concentration gradient into the cell. Glucose follows the water that is pumped into the cell. Glucose is transported through a glucose pump in the apical membrane that hydrolyzes ATP to ADP and Pi. Glucose enters by diffusion.
Answer:
Glucose is co-transported with Na , which moves down its concentration gradient into the cell.
Explanation:
Na/K pump is a pump located on the plasma membrane which uses ATP to move 3 Na ions out the cell and brings in 2 K ions into the cell. It is an example of primary active transport. As a consequence,concentration of Na is higher outside the cell, while K concentration is higher inside the cell.
Glucose is transported in the cell against its gradient, together with Na ions (symport) which move down their concentration gradient.
This is an example of secondary active transport because it uses the energy from the primary active transport to move other substances such as glucose against their own gradients.
Final answer:
Glucose is actively transported into intestinal epithelial cells via secondary active transport using a Na+/glucose symport mechanism. Sodium ions moving down their gradient provide the energy for glucose to be transported against its gradient with the help of SGLT1 and Na+/K+ ATPase.
Explanation:
Glucose enters the epithelial cells of the small intestine against its concentration gradient by a process known as secondary active transport. This involves a symport mechanism, where glucose is co-transported with sodium ions (Na+). The sodium ions move down their concentration gradient into the cell, providing the energy needed to transport glucose against its gradient.
The primary transporter involved is the sodium-glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1), which couples the transport of glucose with two sodium ions. This process utilizes the sodium electrochemical potential gradient created by the Na+/K+-ATPase, which actively pumps sodium out of the enterocyte into the blood, maintaining a low intracellular sodium concentration, and allowing the continued inward movement of sodium (and glucose).
Finally, glucose is transported from within the enterocytes into the bloodstream through the basolateral membrane by facilitated diffusion, using the glucose transporter GLUT2.
At 10 am on june 12 two joggers discover a body along a running path in a park the body is 20 feet from a tree beside the path. the body is partially buried. the weather is hot and humid. the body has a gray cheesy like appearance which information should be noted for the coroner
all of the above should be noted for the coroner. because the authorities are trying to solve a homicide.
NEED HELP QUICK ON BIO FINAL
The graph below shows the frequency of moths in a population. The original population had more black and white speckled moths, but the new population has more dark-colored moths.
a. What type of selective pressure was taking place in this population?
b. Come up with a hypothesis related to genetic drift or sexual selection about why this shift may have occurred in the population.
Answer:
This actually happened in real life. A hypothesis for b. is that if pollution made the trees in the moths environment darker, then the dark moth population would increase because they blend in with the darker trees better than the speckled moths and are not as visible to predators (this is related to genetic drift). Therefore a. would be natural selection since the dark moths are more fit to the environment.
Final answer:
The type of selective pressure taking place in this population is directional selection. A hypothesis related to genetic drift or sexual selection for why this shift may have occurred in the population is that there could have been a genetic mutation that caused the moths to have a darker coloration.
Explanation:
The type of selective pressure taking place in this population is directional selection. Directional selection occurs when the environment changes, and a population undergoes selection for phenotypes at one end of the spectrum of existing variation.
A hypothesis related to genetic drift or sexual selection for why this shift may have occurred in the population is that there could have been a genetic mutation that caused the moths to have a darker coloration. This mutation would have been advantageous in the new environment, leading to an increase in the frequency of dark-colored moths over time.
Please help due soon!
Answer:
Explanation:
Take the genotypes of the parents first.
A and B are equally dominant, so in the father who has the blood type AB his genotype would be:
[tex]I^{A}I^{B}[/tex]
A mother who is recessive O would be:
[tex]ii[/tex]
See the attached image to see the Punnett. Based on the image you now know that the possible gentypes and phenotyes are:
[tex]I^{A}i = TypeA\\\\I^{B}i = TypeB[/tex]
Which of the following would be used to determine the probability of three independent events in order?
-Sum rule-Product rule-Chi-square test-Binomial expansion-Random sampling error
Final answer:
The product rule would be used to determine the probability of three independent events occurring in a specific order, by multiplying their individual probabilities.
Explanation:
To determine the probability of three independent events occurring in order, one would use the product rule. This rule states that the probability of two or more independent events occurring together can be calculated by multiplying the individual probabilities of each event occurring alone. For example, if events A, B, and C are independent, the probability of all three occurring in sequence (A and B and C) is calculated as P(A) × P(B) × P(C). This is opposed to the sum rule, which is used for calculating the probability of at least one of two mutually exclusive events occurring, and involves adding their individual probabilities together. The sum rule would not be applicable for independent events that need to occur in sequence.
Which is NOT an element of the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system?A. Parasympathetic Neurons B. Sympathetic Neurons C. Somatic Motor Neurons D. Sensory Neurons
Answer:
D. Sensory Neurons
Explanation:
Peripheral nervous systemconsists of all the neurons and ganglia within the body, outside the central nervous system. It is divided into:
Somatic nervous system- it controls the movements of skeletal muscles which means that this nervous system is under the voluntary control Autonomic nervous system- its role is to control involuntary movements of smooth muscles and glandsSomatic system consists of two types of nerves:
sensory or afferent nerves-carry the information from the stimulus detector (receptor) to the central nervous system (CNS)motor nerves (efferent nerves)-carry the information from CNS to the effectors (skeletal muscles).Autonomic nervous system consists of:
sympathetic nervous systemparasympathetic nervous systementeric nervous systemAmong the options given - parasympathetic, sympathetic, somatic motor, and sensory neurons - the sensory neurons are not part of the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system. They are instead part of the afferent division, responsible for transporting sensory information to the CNS.
Explanation:The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system includes parasympathetic neurons, sympathetic neurons, and somatic motor neurons. These are all motor neurons carrying instructions away from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles and other organs. The efferent division refers to the part of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals from the CNS to the body parts for action. However, Sensory Neurons do not belong to the efferent division; instead, they belong to the afferent division, which transports sensory information from the body towards the CNS. So, the correct answer is D. Sensory Neurons.
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How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different from each other?A. sexual reproduction requires two parents and asexual reproduction requires only one parentB. asexual reproduction requires two parents and sexual reproduction requires only one parentC. mutation rates are lower in sexual reproduction than in asexual reproductionD. asexual reproduction occurs only in multicellular organisms
Answer:
it's most likely A.
Explanation:
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Just took the test.
The plasma membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer. True or False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Answer:
true
Explanation:
the plasma membrane of a cell is composed of phospholipids
Which of the following is a characteristic of lipids?(Choice A)AThey are composed of nitrogenous chains.(Choice B)BThey are not soluble in water.(Choice C)CThey are either fats or oils.(Choice D)DThey are polar molecules.
Answer:
They are not soluble in water
Explanation:
Lipids are group of molecules that are insoluble in water and made up of long chain hydrocarbons. Also, lipids are non-polar compounds that cannot be dissolved in polar solvent such as water and they include steroids, waxes, fats and phospholipids. Furthermore, lipids act as structural components of cell membrane.
The characteristic of lipids from the given options is that they are not soluble in water. This is due to their hydrophobic or water-repelling property, which also allows them to store energy, insulate, and protect
Explanation:Among the given choices, the characteristic that best describes lipids is (Choice B) - They are not soluble in water. These compounds, which include fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids, are largely nonpolar and hydrophobic due to their carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Because of these properties, they repel water and thus do not dissolve in it, making them insoluble in water. This is also the reason why lipids are able to store energy for long-term use in the form of fats and provide insulation for plants and animals. They can also create a protective layer over fur or feathers, making them water-repelling and crucial for survival of certain species.
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What is the question asking?
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Why does a victim suffering from hypothermia need to be rewarmed slowly, and not to quickly?
A new organism is discovered in the forests of costa rica. scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog. these data suggest that the new organism is more closely related to
Answer: Frog
Explanation: It is the frog because the less differences there are, the more closely related it is to the organism.
Answer:
frog
Explanation:
It is given in the question that the new organism that has been discovered at Costa Rica has 5 differences from a frog. So the new organism is suggested to have been closely related to the frog species because among the other species ( that is humans, gibbons, rat ), the new organisms shows very less differences with the frog species. So it is concluded that the frog species and the new organisms are closely related.
ATP synthase is a key enzyme of mitochondrial energy conversion. Mitochondrial ATP synthase deficiency is due to a mutation in a gene important for the formation of a subunit in the ATP synthase complex. Scientists could use cells with this gene mutation to investigate which of the following questions? The figure shows the scheme of the inner mitochondrial membrane. ATP synthase is a key enzyme of mitochondrial energy conversion. Mitochondrial ATP synthase deficiency is due to a mutation in a gene important for the formation of a subunit in the ATP synthase complex. Scientists could use cells with this gene mutation to investigate which of the following questions? What effect does the mutation have on the movement of electrons between the electron carriers of the electron transport chain? What effect does the mutation have on the amount of ATP synthesized during cellular respiration? What effect does the mutation have on the number of water molecules formed at the end of the electron transport chain? What effect does the mutation have on the number of protons pumped into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria?
Answer:
What effect does the mutation have on the amount of ATP synthesized during cellular respiration?
Explanation:
ATP synthase is the key enzyme for the ATP synthesis during the cellular respiration. It uses proton gradient (electrochemical gradient of the H+) which is generated as the electrons pass through the electron transport chain. This enzyme is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of all cells, but also in chloroplasts of plants. ATP is produced from ADP and Pi. ATP synthase is composed of two main subunits F0 and F1.
Because of all these properties, mutation in a gene important for the formation of one of the subunits of the ATP synthase complex, can be used for the observation of ATP production.
Which of the following explains why children must be vaccinated for communicable diseases, like measles?
They are typically exposed to less pathogens than adults.
The immunity they receive in the womb from their mother is temporary.
They lack an immune system at such a young age.
The antibiotics used to treat infections cause too many side effects in children.
Answer: Second option is correct.
Explanation:
Children must be vaccinated for communicable diseases, like measles because The immunity they receive in the womb from their mother is temporary.
Measles is caused by bacteria and it is a contagious disease.
It must be cured at a very young age . Its vaccination is firstly given at 9 months.
Hence , second option is correct.
Answer:
Second option is correct!
Explanation:
One of the major categories of receptors in the plasma membrane reacts by forming dimers,adding phosphate groups, and then activating relay proteins. Which type does this?
A) G protein-coupled receptors B) ligand-gated ion channels C) steroid receptors D) receptor tyrosine kinases
Answer:
D) receptor tyrosine kinases
Explanation:
Protein kinase receptors are simply saying receptors with associated kinases (usually tyrosine kinases).
Protein kinases are enzymes that have the ability to modulate other enzymes (or some other proteins) by adding the phosphate group. This is known as phosphorilation process. As a result of structural change, protein can change its activity (phosphorilation usually increase the activity).
Such receptors are involved in a many processes within an organism that are important for the cellular growth, differentiation, metabolism
"The correct answer is D) One of the major categories of receptors in the plasma membrane reacts by forming dimers, adding phosphate groups, and then activating relay proteins receptor tyrosine kinases.
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a class of cell surface receptors that are involved in the regulation of various cellular processes, including metabolism, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
When a ligand binds to an RTK, the receptor undergoes a conformational change that promotes dimerization, which is the formation of a dimer, or a complex of two receptor molecules.
This dimerization brings the intracellular kinase domains of the receptors into close proximity, allowing them to transphosphorylate each other on specific tyrosine residues. This phosphorylation event triggers the activation of downstream signaling pathways by recruiting and activating various relay proteins, which then propagate the signal through the cell.
To summarize the sequence of events for receptor tyrosine kinases:
1. Ligand binding to the extracellular domain of the RTK.
2. Dimerization of the RTKs.
3. Transphosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the intracellular kinase domains of the receptors.
4. Recruitment and activation of relay proteins, which then continue the signaling cascade within the cell.
In contrast, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate heterotrimeric G proteins upon ligand binding, without forming dimers or adding phosphate groups to the G proteins themselves.
Ligand-gated ion channels open to allow ions to pass through the membrane when their specific ligands bind, and steroid receptors are located inside the cell and bind to steroid hormones, then translocate to the nucleus to regulate gene expression. Neither of these receptor types functions by forming dimers and adding phosphate groups in the same way as RTKs."
Differentiate between global warming and the green house effect. What gases are responsible for both?
Answer:
Global Warming is simply the long-term rise in temperature of the Earth's core, which inevitably would effect the climate systems of the Earth.
The Green House Effect is the natural process that warms the Earths surface.
Explanation:
The Green House Effect--> When the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is reflected back into space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by the greenhouse gases.
Answer:
Differentiate between global warming and the green house effect are discussed below.
Explanation:
The greenhouse has to deal with the plants while on the other hand Global warming has to do with the Atmosphere it has nothing to do with the Plants.The greenhouse effect occurs due to the natural activity of the Earth while Global warming occurs due to Human activity.We can control the Greenhouse effect but we are unable to control Global warming but we can reduce its pace.Carbon dioxide gas is responsible for both.TIMED SEMESTER EXAM!! 15 POINTS i will mark brainliest
(please use your own answer!)
Briefly compare and contrast the processes of RNA transcription and RNA translation.
Answer:
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein
Explanation:
How does the oil from the liver provide limited buoyancy in the absence of a swim bladder
The oil which is found in liver of the shark is called squalene, which is lighter than the water.
Since shark's body is heavier than the water he can sink into the water but the buoyancy provided by the oil help him to swim actively and prevent sinking.
Role of swim bladder :
fish have a gas- filled swim bladder that keeps them afloat in the water and prevent them by sinking into water.
Unlike fish, shark doesn't have a swim bladder, hence relies on oily liver to provide some buoyancy.
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In response to a stimulus a brain cell called a neuron will send a signal to the brain using _______
A). electrical signals and chemical neurotransmitters
B). myosin and actin
C). contraction and relaxation
D). respiration and absorption
Answer:
I think its A not %100 tho
Explanation:
The answer I believe is A
Which type of fat has no known health benefits, and was invented by humans to prolong the shelf-life of pre-packaged foods? A. Saturated fat B. Curing fat C. Unsaturated fat D. Trans fat
Answer:
D. Trans Fat
Explanation:
Trans fat is made through the hydrogenation of unsaturated fats. The use of trans fat extends shelf-life of foods and is said to boost flavor. However, the body is not able to process these fats and can have a detrimental effect on the body. Trans fat is known to increase cholesterol in the body so you will be more at risk for other diseases like diseases of the heart, diabetes, and even stroke.
Answer:
D. Trans fat
Explanation:
1. Which type of wave vibrates both side to side and up and down?
A) P waves
B) S waves
C) surface waves
2. Which type of wave is the first to arrive during an earthquake?
A) P waves
B) S waves
C) surface waves
3. Which type of wave may make the ground roll?
A) P waves
B) S waves
C) surface waves
Answer:
Explanation: A B c
Answer:
(B) S waves
(A) P waves
(C) Surface waves
Explanation:
just took it
Giardia is an important waterborne disease. this organism is a select one:
a. virus
b. protozoan
c. bacterium
d. fungus
Answer: Giardia is a microscopic parasite that causes the diarrheal illness known as giardiasis. Giardia is found on surfaces or in soil, food, or water that has been contaminated with feces from infected humans or animals.
Explanation:
A woman with Liddle syndrome has a child with a normal male. what is the probability that their child will have the syndrome?
Answer:
An autosomal dominant gene is one that occurs on an autosomal (non-sex determining) chromosome. As it is dominant, the phenotype it gives will be expressed even if the gene is heterozygous.
The chances of an autosomal dominant disorder being inherited are 50% if one parent is heterozygous (NL) for the mutant gene and the other is homozygous for the normal (NN), or 'wild-type', gene. This is because the offspring will always inherit a normal gene from the parent carrying the wild-type genes, and will have a 50% chance of inheriting the mutant gene from the other parent. If the mutant gene is inherited, the offspring will be heterozygous for the mutant gene, and will suffer from the disorder. If the parent with the disorder is homozygous for the gene, the offspring produced from mating with an unaffected parent will always have the disorder.
Explanation:
One of the effects of the hormone secretin is to stimulate the release of bicarbonate ions into the duodenum, which neutralizes the acid that enters the duodenum with food from the stomach. One consequence of neutralizing the pH in the intestine is that: the enzymatically catalyzed hydrolysis of carbohydrate that began in the stomach is halted in the duodenum. enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of carbohydrates are denatured. enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of carbohydrates are active. carbohydrates are not as easily broken down in this neutral environment.
Answer:
enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of carbohydrates are active.
Explanation:
The pH within the small intestine should be neutral so that enzymes that break down macromolecules can work properly (unlike in stomach where the enzymes require acid pH). Small intestine is part of the digestive system, in which proteins, lipids and carbohydrates are hydrolyzed. Carbohydrate digestion in small intestine is performed by pancreatic enzyme amylase, maltase, sucrase, and lactase (secreted by the small intestine). Neutral environment is suitable environment for those enzymes.
Final answer:
The hormone secretin leads to the activation of digestive enzymes in the duodenum by neutralizing the stomach acid with bicarbonate ions, creating an optimal pH for these enzymes to function and catalyze carbohydrate hydrolysis.
Explanation:
One of the consequences of neutralizing the pH in the intestine with the hormone secretin is that enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of carbohydrates are active. The acidic content that enters the duodenum from the stomach is neutralized by the secretion of bicarbonate ions (HCO₃₋) from the pancreas, which raises the pH of the chyme, creating a suitable environment for intestinal enzymes to work effectively. Digestive secretions from the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder, including bile and other enzymes, are crucial for the digestion process in the duodenum during the intestinal phase.
This process begins in the stomach with a strong acid that allows pepsin to function properly. However, as the stomach's contents move into the small intestine, the pH must be neutralized to accommodate the enzymes that work best in a basic or neutral environment, such as pancreatic enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion. This is achieved through the action of secretin, which stimulates the production of bicarbonate ions by the pancreas, thereby creating the optimal environment for these enzymes to catalyze the breakdown of carbohydrates effectively.
The term "cancer" is used to describe a group of diseases in which cells start dividing and invade healthy tissues and organs. these cancerous cells can through the blood or the lymphatic system. when the body is already weakened by disease, stress, or old age, the cancer invasion has more of a chance of succeeding. the rapid and abnormal growth of tissue is called
a. most tumors are not , but are . in the past, the only way to distinguish between the tumors was to perform
a. damaged dna can result in that lead to cancer. dna can be damaged by in the environment like radiation and toxic chemicals. other factors influence cancer risk as well. they include biological and genetic factors, exposure to infectious agents like viruses, and . submit
Answer: i thnik its b
Explanation:
Damaged DNA can result in that lead to cancer. DNA can be damaged by in the environment like radiation and toxic chemicals. other factors influence cancer risk as well. they include biological and genetic factors, exposure to infectious agents like viruses.
What is DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that contains the biological instructions that make each species unique. DNA, along with the instructions it contains, is passed from adult organisms to their offspring during reproduction.Damaged DNA can result in that lead to cancer. DNA can be damaged by in the environment like radiation and toxic chemicals. other factors influence cancer risk as well. they include biological and genetic factors, exposure to infectious agents like viruses.
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