Answer:
The study involves no other minimal risk and then meets one of the legible categories of expedited review authorized by the federal government.
A protocol can have an expedited review by the IRB when it involves minimal risk to the participants. This means the harm or discomfort predicted in the research isn't greater than that in routine everyday activities or standard physical or mental tests. This usually applies to studies using surveys, educational tests, or interviews.
Explanation:A protocol is eligible for expedited review by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) when it involves minimal risk to human subjects. Minimal risk means that the probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort anticipated in the research are not greater in and of themselves than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations or tests. In other words, the research needs to not put the participants in any greater risk or discomfort than they would ordinarily experience. Examples include studies that utilize surveys, educational tests, or interviews. It is important that the full review is done when there are more than minimal risks involved.
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Which part of the emergency operations plan includes the Purpose, Scope, Situation Overview, Assumptions, Concept of Operations, and Organization and Assignment of Responsibilities?
Answer:
The Basic Plan of the Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) includes the purpose, scope, situation overview, assumptions, concept of operations & organization and assignment of responsibilities.
Explanation:
EOPs built using the functional approach which are like a basic plan, functional annexes and hazard-specific annexes. These are complemented by the requisite standard operating procedures (SOP) and checklists to execute the EOP. The Basic Plan is an outline of the structure and procedures of the emergency response of the jurisdiction. This displays the legal authority for emergency operations, outlines the circumstances covered by the EOP, describes the general organizational framework and determines roles for emergency planning and operations.
Final answer:
The Basic Plan or Introduction of an emergency operations plan encompasses the Purpose, Scope, Situation Overview, Assumptions, Concept of Operations, and Organization and Assignment of Responsibilities, outlining the main framework and approach for managing emergencies.
Explanation:
The part of the emergency operations plan that includes the Purpose, Scope, Situation Overview, Assumptions, Concept of Operations, and Organization and Assignment of Responsibilities is typically referred to as the Basic Plan or Introduction. This component serves as a foundation for the overall plan, outlining its rationale and the intended framework for action during an emergency. It addresses the following:
Purpose: Explains what task is being accomplished and why it is necessary, establishing the objectives and priorities of the plan.Scope: Defines the limits of the plan's applicability, both geographically and operationally; it stipulates when and where it is to be activated and under what circumstances.Situation Overview: Provides a general description of potential hazards, vulnerabilities, and impacts faced, serving as a basis for planning and preparedness.Assumptions: Lists assumptions made in the planning process that may affect the execution of the emergency plan, such as availability of resources or extent of disaster impact.Concept of Operations: Outlines a framework for how the emergency response will be managed and coordinated among various agencies and partners.Organization and Assignment of Responsibilities: Details the structure of the response effort, including the roles and responsibilities of each entity involved in the emergency operations.Some critics question the type of research that Erikson did in formulating his socioemotional theory of development. His research was primarily:A. longitudinalB. based on case studyC. sequentialD. cross-sectional
Erikson research was primarily based on case study.
Option B
Explanation:German-American psychologist Erik Erikson and his collaborator and wife, Joan Erikson, based on case study imagined eight stages of psycho-social development that they theorized good individuals pass through as they develop from infancy to adulthood.At each stage, the person must decide a challenge or an existential dilemma.
Case study helps in deriving some theory of development. These studies gives many conclusions to be drawn from the problems. The impact of social activity was described in Erikson's theory in whole lifespan. The actions and behaviors are motivated by competence sense.
Which of the following is correct?
A. early maturation places both boys and girls at a distinct social advantage
B. early maturing girls are more popular and self-assured than girls who mature late
C. early maturation places both boys and girls at a distinct social disadvantage
D. early maturing boys are more popular and self-assured than girls who mature late
Answer:
A Is preferable as answer
Both boys and girls have a considerable social advantage when they mature early. As a result, option (A) is the best one.
What is maturation?Maturation is the process by which individuals and behaviors mature as they grow. Where creatures evolve within the structure, it is less quantifiable and more emotional and cerebral.
Maturation is the process of attaining full or mature development. In other words, maturation is the process of maturing (or achieving maturity). The term is frequently used to describe the process by which a person physically develops or begins to act more maturely (more mature).
Maturation aids in the formation of personality by bringing out all hereditary characteristics, such as physical structure, personality, talent, and the ability to intelligently modify behavior.
Hence, option (A) is accurate.
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A person who is in charge of social media analytics is responsible for: a. implementing a company’s entire social media program. b. measuring the results of the social media marketing effort. c. managing external engagement with customers in social media channels. d. developing the program necessary to build and assemble the features for social tools such as blogs and communities.
Answer:
Social media analytics is responsible for measuring the results of the social media marketing effort.
Explanation:
Social media analytics is the practice of gathering data from social media websites and analyzing that data using social media analytics tools to make business decisions. The most common use of social media analytics is to mine customer sentiment to support marketing and customer service activities.
A rat in a Skinner box receives a food pellet every ten times the bar is pressed. The rat is on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.
Answer:
Fixed ratio
Explanation:
The Fixed ratio schedule is used in ope-rant conditioning. Ope-rant conditioning is work on the relationship of response and stimulus due to that the behavior of a subject has been changed.
As the name indicated the reinforcement is being given after a fixed ratio for example after every ten times the reinforcement is provided to the rat in the box. So the rat can learn the behavior.
In this type of reinforcement, the schedule will remain constant. If the reinforcement is not provided after a fifth, tenth or any fixed number then it won't be a fixed ratio.
Even if your vehicle has minimal damage from a collision, have the vehicle's safety features__________.
Answer:
have the vehicles safety features checked by a qualified technician
Explanation:
Even if your vehicle has minimal damage from a collision, have the vehicle's safety features checked by a qualified technician.
Having the safety features checked is to prevent malfunctioning in case of any subsequent accident.
After experiencing a collision, even with minimal damage, it's important to check and assure the vehicle's safety features like airbags and seat belts are properly functioning. Damage isn't always visibly obvious, and safety features could have been compromised during the accident.
Explanation:Even if your vehicle has minimal damage from a collision, it is essential to have the vehicle's safety features such as airbags and seat belts inspected. This ensures they are still functioning correctly and can provide protection in future accidents.
For example, airbags are designed to deploy upon impact to minimize serious injuries to passengers (Figure 4.12). Even in a minor collision, these could become damaged or malfunction, compromising their effectiveness in a future accident. Equally, seat belts, another important safety feature, might endure stress during an accident and might need a checkup too.
This emphasizes the importance of not merely assessing visible damage but also ensuring that the integral safety features are still in good working condition. It also underlines the fact that even minimal damage should not be overlooked as it might impact crucial safety features.
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Aumad, a six-year-old first grader, is a recent arrival from Somalia. He and his family have refugee status as they fled the war in his country. Aumad sits in the classroom during instruction and does not utter a word. He makes his needs known by using gestures. Which stage of second-language acquisition does this reflect?
Answer:The Pre-production Stage or receptive stage
Explanation:
The Pre-production Stage: This is a stage when someone hasn't started to actively use the words that they have learnt however at this stage the have receptive vocabulary.They understand the meaning of these words but haven't gained enough confidence to actual try using these words in their sentences or when making conversation. They may imitate every word that is being said without real taking into consideration what it means. They are active listeners at this stage and copies every English word but haven't really been able to use these words. They are not producing the langauge yet but just receiving it.
Final answer:
Aumad, who communicates through gestures and not words, is likely in the pre-production or silent period of second-language acquisition, focusing more on comprehension than speaking.
Explanation:
Aumad, a six-year-old first grader, who recently arrived from Somalia and does not speak in class but uses gestures to communicate is likely in the pre-production or silent period of second-language acquisition. During this stage, learners may spend time listening to the new language but not speaking it, focusing on comprehension rather than verbal communication. Language acquisition involves multiple stages, beginning with this silent period, where students can often understand more than they can verbally express.
According to the case study by UCLA professor John Schumann, factors such as contact with native speakers can affect the speed and success of learning a new language. Students like Aumad may also use gestures and non-verbal forms of communication during this stage, as these are available tools before they develop their spoken language skills in the new language.
Zachariah was not sure that he was ready for his midterm exams, but once he started, he found that he was able to accurately recall the information he had learned. The main memory process that accounts for the fact that Zachariah could access and utilize the information in his memory is_________.
a. encoding
b. storage
c. retrieval
d. rehearsal
Answer:
c. Retrieval
Explanation:
According to psychology, there are three processes involved in human memory:
Encoding: this is the first step in the memory process. Encoding helps us to transform items into constructs that will be stored later in our memory.Storage: is the process of storing the information that was encoded earlier. It can be stored either in our short-term memory or in our long-term memory.Retrieval: This is the process that helps us remember and bring to conscience the information that was stored earlier. The process of retrieval helps us 're-access' to the information that was previously saved in our memory.In this example, Zachariah found that once he started studying he was able to recall the information he had learned. We can see that the information was encoded and stored in his memory (otherwise he couldn't have recalled it), therefore, this information that was stored earlier was bring to conscience and he could "re-access" this information, thus the main memory process that accounts for the fact that Zachariah could access and utilize the information in his memory is retrieval.
Refers to the frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and nondeviant individuals.
Answer:
The correct answer for: Refers to the frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and nondeviant individuals. Is:Differential association
Explanation:
To understand this question we have to remember what Differential association is. So, first of all, differential association is a theory proposed by Edwin Sutherland that says that criminal behavior is learned by individuals by sharing space and thoughts with people that already have this tendency. In other words that criminal ideas or behaviors can be learned from people who have them and only by interacting with them.
Answer:
The correct answer for: Refers to the frequency and closeness of associations a person has with deviant and nondeviant individuals. Is:Differential association
Explanation:
To understand this question we have to remember what Differential association is. So, first of all, differential association is a theory proposed by Edwin Sutherland that says that criminal behavior is learned by individuals by sharing space and thoughts with people that already have this tendency. In other words that criminal ideas or behaviors can be learned from people who have them and only by interacting with them.
Explanation:
Kris has an endless supply of 4-cent stamps and 7-cent stamps for mailing a package. What is the greatest amount of postage that cannot be affixed to a package using these stamps?
Answer:
65
Explanation:
Using the addition table shown in the file attached:
Alternatively 4x + 7y can be an expression to solve this, with x = 4 and y=7
then we have 4(4) = 7(7)
= 16 + 49 = 65
Any policy designed to provide coverage for not less than 12 consecutive months for diagnostic, preventive, therapeutic, rehabilitative, maintenance, or personal care services provided in a setting other than an acute care unit of a hospital is the definition of:
Answer:Long-term care
Explanation:Long-term care provides various services that cater to an individual's health and personal needs
for a short or long period. This care is designed to assist individuals who can no longer take care of their daily activities without the help even if it is a temporary situation.
Long term care is provided by paid caregivers or by family members or in a nursing home.
It can range from personal activities such as bathing and dressing the person to community services such as meal provision. It also helps people recover from certain addictions or assist individuals who suffered from a traumatic event with therapy.
It is usually helpful to people with serious health conditions and elderly People.
The biological theory of aging known as the _____ theory states that cells can divide a maximum of about 100 times and that as we age, our cells become less capable of dividing.
Answer:
Cellular clock theory
Explanation:
Cellular clock theory is related to aging. In this theory, the cells of the body are limited for some time and can repair for a limited period. As the person gets older, the collagen that is responsible for rejuvenating gets deteriorates. It creates the skin look saggy and wrinkled. This theory tells about the aging process in human beings. There are several types of aging theory and this is one of them.
Thus according to the biological theory, it is also called a cellular theory of aging theory. At this time our cells are limited for divide.
In recent times, "currency" was a little over 50 percent of the M1 and "___________" were a little less than 50% of the M1.a. money market accountsb. checkable deposits c. savings depositsd. small time deposits
Answer:
check able deposits
Explanation:
In recent times, "currency" was a little over 50 percent of the M1 and check able deposits were a little less than 50% of the M1
The teacher decides to let your class get in groups of four to complete the homework. Your effort on this group task will tend to be less than the effort you would have expended if the task had been completed as individual homework. This illustrates the principle of?
Answer:
Social loafing
Explanation:
Social loafing: In psychology, the term social loafing refers to the phenomenon in which different people are liable to exert fewer efforts if they are doing a piece of work as compared to the work they will do when they are alone. In social loafing, the aim of people working in a group is a way of improving the accomplishment of various tasks by the talents and skills of the people being involved in the group.
In the question above, the given statement illustrates the principle of social loafing.
Integrate Information Describe at least two ways by which a case could reach the Supreme Court.
Answer:
Writ of Certiorari, On Appeal, The Solicitor General and Selecting Cases
Explanation:
Writ of Certiorari: This is like an order from the Court to the lower court to tender the records for a specific case so that it can be reviewed.
On Appeal: This is when the decisions made by a lower level court has been requested to be reviewed by any party.
The Solicitor General: This office determines whether some lower level court's decisions to the supreme court should be appealed by the federal government.
Selecting Cases: This is a process of selection whereby the Justice or his/her clerk can see, identify and propose cases that should be seriously considered.
Which perspective would focus on the extent to which different parenting styles are encouraged among various ethnic groups?
Answer:The sociocultural perspective
Explanation:
The sociocultural perspective focuses on understanding how human beings behave a certain way different from others.
The sociocultural perspective looks at how human behaviour and their personality develop by evaluating the rules of their social setting and their cultural group. These are unwritten rules that each society follow based on their cultural group, which guides each person in terms of how they behave.
Groups Can Affect Behavior
There are certain group to which we all belong such as Race and ethnic , religion,gender,social class,family traditions they all contribute in shaping one's own behavior.
Due to this fact we see different parenting style form diffrent ethnic group , some Ethnic groups have a culture which believes children should listen to their parents and follow their leading no matter what and others believe children should be given a freedom a choice.
The Social-cultural perspective is the one that focuses on how various ethnic communities encourage different parenting styles.
The perspective that would focus on the extent to which different styles of parenting are encouraged among various ethnic communities is Social-cultural. The social-cultural perspective examines how cultural and environmental contexts influence individual behavior and thinking, recognizing that parenting practices are deeply embedded in the cultural milieu. It investigates how the norms, values, customs, and beliefs of different ethnic communities impact parenting styles, something evolutionary, cognitive, psychodynamic, biological, or other perspectives might not fully capture. This approach acknowledges the vast diversity and variability in parenting strategies across different societal groups.
After a lengthy debate about where to go on spring break, Katie decides that she and her roommates are not going to be able to come to an agreement. Instead, she opts to take a road trip with one of her high school friends. Katie and her roommates have achieved which conflict outcome?
Answer: Separation
Explanation:
Separation as the result of conflict is the disconnecting or detaching oneself from the situation as an outcome of the whole dispute. Conflicts can raise due to misunderstanding, different opinions, resentments etc which does not lead to agreement by everyone usually and thus people involved in conflict tend to withdraw themselves from that event .
According to the situation in question, Katie has separated herself from the conflict result as they are not able to reach to a particular decision.She ,instead plans to have a road trip with her classmate rather than roommates.
In response to cutting up an onion, airborne irritants released by the onion body will cause your eyes to tear. Using Pavlov's terminology, the tears would be termed a(n):_________
A. Unconditioned stimulus (UCS).
B. Unconditioned response (UCR).
C. Conditioned stimulus (CS).
D. Conditioned response (CR
Answer:B. Unconditioned response (UCR).
Explanation:
According to classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is the one which occurs automatically , unconditionally and naturally and it triggers a natural response without any prior learning to how one can respond. Onion in this case is an unconditioned stimulus which naturally triggers tears , in this case tears are unconditioned response; they are triggered naturally by onion.
The first thing you should do if you observe signs of panic in a diver underwater is ________
The correct answer would be, locate your alternate air source in case it is needed.
The first thing you should do if you observe signs of panic in a diver underwater is locate your alternate air source in case it is needed.
Explanation:
When you are underwater and there are other divers as well, and you observe the signs of panic in a diver, you naturally want to help him.
The diver might be in a need of help. He might has run out of the oxygen in his cylinder, or might be having some trouble with his overall health condition.
So the first step you should take in helping him, is to locate your alternate air source. This is because the diver might need oxygen and if you provide him your source of air, you will get in trouble then. So you must arrange or locate your alternate source of air first and then move to the diver to help him.
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what are the common parental reactions to siblings having a verbal or physical confrontation
Answer:
The common parental rection to sibling having a verbal or physical confrontation are:
They have a threatning reaction.They ignore the conduct or do nothing about it.They intervene to solve the conflict.Explanation:
Depending on the cases, adults would intervene or not when siblings are having verbal or physical confrontation.
Some parents have a threatning reaction when siblings are fighting, because they consider the best way to solve a conflict is by stopping the conflict in the moment.
Some other don´t pay attention and think is best to ingnore the problems, o that is best if the kids solve the issues by themselves.
Parents react also by helping their kids solve the conflict.
Fred's dog was classically conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell. Fred then repeatedly paired the bell with another stimulus, a whistle. Now whenever he blows the whistle, his dog salivates, even though the whistle has never been paired with food. This example illustrates:
This is an illustration of second order conditioning. Fred's dog associates the bell with food, and therefore salivates. Fred's dog is then trained to associate the whistle with the bell, which is associated with food, and so he salivates. With the removal of the bell and food, the associations are still there. Fred's dog thinks whistle means bell and bell means food, therefore he thinks that whistle means food and he salivates.
"Under Uniform State law, civil liability exists in all of the following circumstances EXCEPT when"
Answer: Option A -- customer margin securities are commingled with those of other margin customers
Explanation:
Uniform State Law Civil Liability provisions protects people from losses emanated from insecurities of interstate commerce, which was due to connection while carrying out the sale of purchase. This law gives right for economic and exchange commission to set some rules and regulations that will prevent people from deceptive and manipulative devices used during sale of purchase.
What term is used by political scientists to refer to a lasting shift in party allegiances or electoral support?
Answer:
Realignment
Explanation:
Realignment is a term used when there is a shift or change in belief/ideology/affiliation or political status of an individual causing a swap/change in such individual's political party.
Realignment could also mean changes in the structure, ideology or leadership of a political party. Amendment of certain rules which will last for a very long time.
Final answer:
Political scientists use the term “realignment” to describe a lasting shift in party allegiances or electoral support, often triggered by a critical election. Historical examples include the 1932 and 1980 elections in the United States. Dealignment, on the other hand, refers to a decline in party strength and loyalty.
Explanation:
The term used by political scientists to refer to a lasting shift in party allegiances or electoral support is realignment. A critical election is an example of an event that can trigger such a realignment, where a sudden, clear, and long-term shift in voter allegiances occurs, leading to a change in the balance of political power. Notable realignments in American history include the election of 1932, which brought Franklin Roosevelt and the Democrats to power, forming the New Deal coalition, and the 1980 election of Ronald Reagan, which marked a realignment in favor of the Republicans. Another term, dealignment, refers to the decline in party strength when loyalty to political parties decreases, and voters make decisions based on short-term, election-specific factors.
In an experiment, one group of children is given a drink each day with a special vitamin supplement. A second group of children is given the same drink but without the vitamin. Later, all children are given an IQ test to see if the vitamin had an effect on intelligence. In this experiment, the children’s scores on the IQ test would be the____________.
Answer:
Control variable
Explanation:
During the conduction of experiments for research, a control variable is introduced as a variable the researcher conducting the experiment holds as a constant. It is neither the dependent variable nor the independent variable, but it is something that affects the outcome thereby making it important. Control variable and controlled variable are two different things as the latter is another name for independent variable.
Final answer:
The children's scores on the IQ test in this experiment would be the dependent variable.
Explanation:
In the context of the experiment described, the dependent variable is the outcome that researchers are measuring, which is the effect of the vitamin supplement on the children's intelligence, as assessed by an IQ test. It is dependent because it depends on the manipulation or variation of the independent variable—which, in this case, is the presence or absence of the special vitamin supplement in the drinks provided to the children. Scientific hypotheses such as "students' IQ scores have positive effects on their academic achievement" highlight the importance of identifying and measuring variables accurately in research. Variables in an experiment correspond to the causes and effects being assessed. The IQ test scores are the effect or result of the cause being the vitamin supplement intake. As these scores are being used to evaluate the effectiveness of the vitamin supplement, they are the data points that researchers are primarily interested in observing and analyzing.
The origin of feathers predated the origin of flight; thus, feathers as an adaptation for flight is an example of _____.
Answer:
Exaptation
Explanation:
Exaptation:
it is referred to the process through which features acquire some unique function for which they are not meant for.
The fine example of Exaptation is Feather:
it has been mentioned and recorded from fossil record there are the ancestors of today's modern bird that are flightless but later in future, they adapt flight as an instrumental part of their life>
Your friend is a production manager at Teddybear Town, Inc. She uses records on the number of absences, the number of bears produced, and the number of defective bears per employee. She then bases her employees' pay raises on these mea What type of measure did she use?
a) subjective
b) theoretical
c) objective
d) critical incident
Answer:
d) critical incident
Explanation:
The Critical Incident Technique is a set of procedures used for collecting direct observations of human behavior that have critical significance. As she base the employees payments on the behavior to the output, it is critical incident.
Answer: c) objective
Explanation:
My friend was using how well his workers performed in the task to determine their pay without considering what they went through.
Objective measure is used to access or determine the level of performance on a task or job.
Explain briefly how guns aided in Europeans’ attempts to conquer the native population of Africa and the Americas. (2 pts) How did steel give the Europeans an advantage in Africa and the Americas? (3 pts)Why did germs work in favor of European conquest against the Incas? (3 pts)Why did germs work against the Europeans in their imperialist efforts in Africa?
Answer:
Although the guns used by the Conquistadors were inaccurate and unreliable, they were still very loud and intimidating. The Incas, who had never seen guns before, likely were scared of the booming sounds and thus more likely to break ranks. On the other hand, the guns used by the Voortrekkers were very accurate, and they could be reloaded and fired quickly from horseback. The guns were so good at killing that the Voortrekkers were able to fend off an attack of several thousand Zulus while maintaining only 3 injuries.
Steel was used by the Conquistadors in their guns and, more importanly, their rapiers, which allowed them to kill many Inca. Steel was used by the Boers for their destructive guns, as well as for their railways, which allowed them to mobilize units and supplies quickly.
Germs worked in favor of the Conquistadors because they had worked and domesticated animals for thousands of years. This created an inherited immunity to their diseases. On the other hand, the Incas had never experienced any of these animals' germs. Thus they were incredibly susceptible to the smallpox germs brought by the Europeans. This is why so many Native Americans were killed by smallpox.
Germs worked against Europeans in Africa because they had not yet been exposed to malaria. They and their livestock had no resistance to the disease, while the Africans had developed antibodies against it for thousands of years. Furthermore, the Africans settled in small communities away from the water, while the Europeans settled close together and near rivers and lakes. This made them incredibly susceptible to mosquitoes and thus to malaria. Finally, the tropical Africans had been raising cows just like the Europeans, and thus were mostly immune to their smallpox.
Explanation:
Your license can be suspended if you __________
A. commit three major offenses or 15 offenses for which you receive points within a 5-year period.
B. misuse a restricted license.
C. have vision worse than the standard minimum requirements.
D. all of the above
Answer: B. misuse a restricted license.
Explanation: This is one of the conditions listed by the Florida driver handbook that can lead to SUSPENSION of a person's driver license.
Other options will lead to REVOCATION of a person's driver license as listed in the Florida driver handbook.
There is a clear differences between SUSPENSION of lincence (which means a temporary holding) and REVOCATION( official cancelation) of a person's lincence.
These points are clearly stated in the Florida driver handbook.
According to _____, whether we can detect a change in the strength of a stimulus depends upon the intensity of the original stimulus.
a) the principle of sensory adaptation.
b) the principle of absolute threshold.
c) Weber’s law.
d) the principal of just noticeable difference.
The correct answer is letter C
Explanation: According to Weber’s law, whether we can detect a change in the strength of a stimulus depends upon the intensity of the original stimulus.
Weber’s law is the psychological principle that determines our ability to recognise a change in the intensity of a stimulus based on the intensity of the original stimulus. The change that will be just noticeable is a constant ratio of the original stimulus.
Explanation:According to Weber’s law, whether we can detect a change in the strength of a stimulus depends upon the intensity of the original stimulus. This psychological principle asserts that the change in a stimulus that will be just noticeable is a constant ratio of the original stimulus. For instance, if you are holding a 50-gram weight and a 55-gram weight is added, you would likely be able to feel the difference. However, if you are holding a 500-gram weight, adding another 55 grams would not be as noticeable, hence obeying Weber’s law.
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If a third party is led to reasonably believe that an agent is acting within the scope of his/her authority, even though the agent is exceeding his/her authority, the principal may still be bound by the agent's actions. In this case, the agent has bound the principal by
A) implied authority.
B) apparent authority.
C) incidental authority.
D) express authority.
Answer: B) apparent authority
Explanation:
Apparent authority is defined as the event in which agent is designated with the authority of acting on behalf organizational or party is recognized and understood by the third party.In this case official permission of power is not required by apparent authority.
Other option are incorrect because implied authority is carried out by agent as necessary implication .Incidental authority is used for pursuing apparent authority or actual authority.Express authority provided to agent in written or oral form. Thus, the correct option is option(B) .
When a third party reasonably believes an agent is acting within their authority due to the agent's actions and the principal's failure to correct these actions, the principal is bound by apparent authority. This is not related to the agent's actual, implied, or incidental authority, but to the reasonable perceptions of third parties.
If a third party is led to reasonably believe that an agent is acting within the scope of his/her authority, even though the agent is exceeding his/her authority, the agent has bound the principal by apparent authority. This concept is crucial in agency law, where an agent's power to act on behalf of a principal can sometimes exceed the explicitly granted authority. Apparent authority arises when the actions of the agent and the principal's failure to adequately contradict those actions lead a third party to reasonably believe the agent has the necessary authority to act. It's not about what the agent is actually permitted to do (express authority), nor what authority is implicit in carrying out expressly granted tasks (implied authority), nor the sideline powers that emerge as a result of executing official tasks (incidental authority). Rather, it is focused on the reasonable perceptions of third parties based on the agent's representations and the principal's manifestations or lack of correction.
Examples of apparent authority include situations where a principal has previously allowed an agent to act in certain ways that exceed their express authority, creating an expectation that such actions are authorized. This aspect of agency is particularly relevant in situations where preventing undue harm to third parties, who might have acted on the belief in the agent's authority, becomes a priority over strictly adhering to the literal boundaries of the agent's authority as set forth by the principal.