Which of the following best explains why electroplating is a useful process in many industries?

Using the ionic product of water, you can determine the hydroxide ion concentration [OH−] if you have the hydrogen ion concentration [H+]. In this case, [OH−] = 1.0 x 10^-14 / 3.64 x 10–8 M, results in [OH−] = 2.75 x 10^-7 M.

To calculate the [OH−] if the hydrogen ion concentration is 3.64 x 10–8 M, first you need to understand the Ionic Product of water. It is the mathematical product of the concentrations of Hydrogen ions [H+] and Hydroxide ions [OH−], and its value is 1.0 x 10^-14 at 25 degrees Celsius. So, if you know the concentration of the hydrogen ions, you can calculate the concentration of the hydroxide ions using the equation [H+] x [OH−] = 1.0 x 10^-14.

Substituting the given value into the equation, we get:

3.64 x 10–8 M x [OH−] = 1.0 x 10^-14.

To solve for [OH-], divide both sides by 3.64 x 10-8M resulting to [OH−] = 1.0 x 10^-14 / 3.64 x 10–8 M = 2.75 x 10^-7 M

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The double-slit experiment is a famous tool to illustrate concepts within quantum mechanics. In particular it demonstrates the concept of wave-particle duality. Use of a light wave demonstrates diffraction and interference, which is a typical wave behaviour. Surprisingly, use of a beam of electrons also yields an interference pattern, showing electrons can behave like waves. 

Explanation:

There would be a optical phenomenon pattern almost like, however totally different from, that exploitation light-weight.Interference and optical phenomenon are the phenomena that distinguish waves from particles: waves interfere and split, particles don't.

Light bends around obstacles like waves do, and it's this bending that causes the one slit optical phenomenon pattern.

              Multiply 2.3 by Avogadro's Number

                     As we know that 1 mole of any substance contains exactly 6.022 × 10²³ particles which is also called as Avogadro's Number. So in order to calculate the number of particles (Atoms) contained by 2.3 moles of Arsenic (As), we will use following relation,

           Moles  =  Number of Atoms ÷ 6.022 × 10²³ Atoms.mol⁻¹

Solving for Number of Molecules,

           Number of Atoms  =  Moles × 6.022 × 10²³ Atoms.mol⁻¹ **

(**This is your answer)

Putting values,

           Number of Atoms  =  2.3 mol × 6.022 × 10²³ Atoms.mol⁻¹

           Number of Atoms  =  1.38 × 10²⁴ Atoms

Hence,

           There are 1.38 × 10²⁴ Atoms present in 2.3 moles of Arsenic.

The pH of a 0.20 M solution of KCN is [tex]\boxed{11.31}[/tex].

Further Explanation:

pH is used to describe acidity or basicity of substances. Its range varies from 0 to 14. It is defined as negative logarithmof hydrogen ion concentration.

The expression for pH is mentioned below.

[tex]{\text{pH}} = - \log \left[ {{{\text{H}}^ + }} \right][/tex]                                                                     …… (1)

Where [tex]\left[ {{{\text{H}}^ + }}\right][/tex] is the concentration of hydrogen ion.

Dissociation reaction of KCN is as follows:

[tex]{\text{KCN}} \to {{\text{K}}^ + } + {\text{C}}{{\text{N}}^ - }[/tex]  

Cyanide ions thus formed can react with water to form HCN and [tex]{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }[/tex] as follows:

[tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{N}}^ - } + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{HCN}} + {\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }[/tex]  

The relation between [tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{w}}}[/tex], [tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{b}}}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{a}}}[/tex] is expressed by following relation:

[tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{w}}} = {{\text{K}}_{\text{b}}} \cdot {{\text{K}}_{\text{a}}}[/tex]                                                                                 …… (2)

Where,

[tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{w}}}[/tex] is the ionic product constant of water.

[tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{b}}}[/tex] is the dissociation constant of base.

[tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{a}}}[/tex] is the dissociation constant of acid.

The value of [tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{w}}}[/tex] is [tex]{10^{ - 14}}[/tex].

The value of [tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{a}}}[/tex] is [tex]4.9 \times {10^{ - 10}}[/tex].

Substitute these values in equation (2).

[tex]{10^{ - 14}} = {{\text{K}}_{\text{b}}}\left( {4.9 \times {{10}^{ - 10}}} \right)[/tex]  

Solve for [tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{b}}}[/tex],

[tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{b}}} = 2 \times {10^{ - 5}}[/tex]  

The expression for [tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{b}}}[/tex] of HCN is as follows:

[tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{b}}} = \dfrac{{\left[ {{\text{HCN}}} \right]\left[ {{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }} \right]}}{{\left[ {{\text{C}}{{\text{N}}^ - }} \right]}}[/tex]                                                                            …… (3)

Consider x to be change in equilibrium concentration. Therefore, equilibrium concentrationof [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{N}}^ - }[/tex], HCN and   becomes (0.2 – x), x and x respectively.

[tex]{\text{2}} \times {\text{1}}{{\text{0}}^{ - 5}} = \dfrac{{{x^2}}}{{\left( {0.2 - x} \right)}}[/tex]  

Solving for x,

[tex]x = 0.002[/tex]  

Therefore concentration of hydroxide ion is 0.002 M.

The expression to calculate pOH is as follows:

[tex]{\text{pOH}} = - \log \left[ {{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }} \right][/tex]                                                                             …… (4)

Substitute 0.002 M for [tex]\left[ {{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }} \right][/tex] in equation (4).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{pOH}} &= - \log \left( {0.002{\text{ M}}} \right) \\&= 2.69 \\\end{aligned}[/tex]  

The relation between pH and pOH is as follows:

pH + pOH = 14                                                                          …… (5)

Substitute 2.69 for pOH in equation (4).

[tex]{\text{pH}} + 2.69 = 14[/tex]  

Solving for pH,

pH = 11.31

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Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Acids, base and salts

Keywords: pH, pOH, 11.31, 2.69, 14, 0.002 M, Kb, Kw, Ka, 10^-14, 2*10^-5.

All of the given options are true about marijuana (option D)

Why is this correct?

The primary psychoactive component in marijuana, THC, disrupts intercellular communication within the brain, notably affecting regions associated with memory and learning. Studies indicate that marijuana consumption can result in challenges with concentration, memory retention, and acquiring new knowledge.

THC has the capacity to engage with the brain's fear and anxiety hub, potentially inducing sensations of paranoia, anxiety, and, in severe cases, panic attacks. This tendency is amplified among individuals with pre-existing anxiety conditions or those consuming high doses of THC.

While not as inherently addictive as certain other substances, marijuana still holds the potential for habit formation. Regular usage can lead to dependence, marked by withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, and sleep disturbances upon cessation of use.

Complete question:

Which of the following are true about marijuana: A. It can impair learning and memory B. It can bring upon panic attacks or anxiety C. It can become addictive D. All of the above

The reason why two molecules of benzaldehyde cannot react via the aldol condensation is that in benzaldehyde, alpha hydrogen is not present to form enolate ion.

What is aldol condensation reaction?

Aldol condensation is a reaction in which beta-hydroxyaldehyde or ketone is formed by the reaction between an enolate ion and carbonyl compound.

Enolate ion which is formed in the aldol condensation is formed by the replacement of alpha hydrogen and then this ion will attack on the carbonyl group of another compound.

So, in the benzaldehyde alpha hydrogen is not present which in turn will not form enolate ion to attack that's why two molecules of benzaldehyde cannot react.

Hence due to lack of alpha hydrogen benzaldehyde will not reacts.

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Answer:

Induced and dipole forces.

Explanation:

Hello,

Due to its structure, [tex]SeH_2[/tex], one identifies the following two intermolecular forces:

- Induced: Ion-Induced Dipole Forces

At first, an ion-induced dipole attraction is present as a weak force which results when the approach of an ion induces a dipole in this nonpolar molecule by disturbing the arrangement of electrons.

- Dipole forces.

Now, dipole-dipole forces are present in such molecule as attractive forces between the positive end of one of the polar molecule and the negative end of another polar space in the molecule.

Best regards.

The types of intermolecular forces between SEH2 molecules are London dispersion forces and dipole-dipole forces.

The types of intermolecular forces that are expected between SEH2 molecules are London dispersion forces and dipole-dipole forces.

London dispersion forces occur between all molecules, and they result from the temporary fluctuations of electron distribution that create a temporary dipole.

Dipole-dipole forces occur when the positive end of one molecule attracts the negative end of another molecule due to the difference in electronegativity or polarity between the atoms of the molecule.

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Answer:

The correct answer is D. Phosphorus is not a catalyst.

Explanation:

A catalyst is a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction at a certain temperature, but does not itself wear off the reaction. It is involved in the chemical reaction but is not the starting or end product of the reaction.

Catalysts create an alternative reaction pathway for the reaction with a lower activation energy. Activation energy is the energy required for the reaction to take place. However, the catalyst cannot cause a reaction which does not take place without the catalyst.

Depending on the phases in which the catalyst and reactants are present, one speaks of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. Biochemical processes are catalyzed by enzymes, while heterogeneous catalysts are metals, such as platinum and nickel.

Methione phrases describes an essential amino acid, whereas a glycolytic intermediate phrases describes an non-essential amino acid

Amino acids are the basic building blocks of proteins. Nonessential amino acids can be made by the body, while essential amino acids cannot be made by the body so wemust get them from our diet.

Determine whether each of the examples or phrases describes an essential amino acid, a nonessential amino acid, or both essential and nonessential amino acids. a table of amino acids can be found here.

Note: if you answer any part of this question incorrectly, a single red x will appear indicating that one or more of the phrases are sorted incorrectly.

Categories: Essential Amino Acids, Nonessential amino acids, or Both

Essential Amino Acids

Nonessential amino acids

Both

methionine : Methionine is an essential amino acid in humans. So methione phrases describes an essential amino acid

derived from 3-phosphoglycerate, a glycolytic intermediate: Serine amino acids is derived from the glycolysis intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate. Serine is non-essential amino acid supplied from food or synthesized by the body from a number of metabolites, including glycine. So a glycolytic intermediate phrases describes an non-essential amino acid

The correct answers are:

Essential amino acids:

Nonessential amino acids:

Both

Grade:  9

Subject:  chemistry

Chapter:  amino acid

Keywords: an essential amino acid, nonessential amino acid, amino acid, both essential and nonessential amino acids, phrases

To solve this we assume that the hydrogen gas is an ideal gas. Then, we can use the ideal gas equation which is expressed as PV = nRT. At a constant pressure and number of moles of the gas the ratio T/V is equal to some constant. At another set of condition of temperature, the constant is still the same. Calculations are as follows:

T1 / V1 = T2 / V2

V2 = T2 x V1 / T1

V2 = (100 + 273.15) K x 2.50 L / (-196 + 273.15) K

V2 = 12.09 L

Therefore, the volume would increase to 12.09 L as the temperature is increased to 100 degrees Celsius.

The problem is about Charles's Law, which states the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, while pressure is constant. With the data provided, using this concept in a formula, we calculate the volume of hydrogen to be roughly 12.16 Liters at 100°C.

The question pertains to Charles's Law in Physics, specifically about gases. Charles's Law states that the volume of a given gas mass is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, provided that the pressure is kept constant.

For the problem given, the initial volume (V₁) of the hydrogen gas is 2.50 L, and its initial temperature is -196°C, which must be converted to Kelvin (K) by adding 273 (equating to 77K). The gas is warmed to 100°C, or 373K (T₂).

To calculate the volume of the gas at the higher temperature (V₂), we use the formula for Charles's Law: V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂. Substituting in the provided values, we get (2.50 L / 77 K) = V₂ / 373K. Solving for V₂, we find that the volume of the hydrogen gas at 100°C is approximately 12.16 L.

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Explanation:

Atomic number of an atom means the sum of total number of protons present in an atom.

Mass number is the sum of total number of protons and neutrons present in an atom.

And, when we write the symbol of an atom then it is represented like this [tex]^{a}_{z}X[/tex], where "a" represents the mass number of the atom and "z" represents the number of protons.

Therefore, in plutonium-239 it is shown that mass number is 239 and atomic number of a plutonium atom is 94. Now, calculate its number of neutrons as follows.

         Mass number = no. of protons + no. of neutrons

                 239 = 94 + no. of neutrons

           no. of neutrons = 239 - 94

                                      = 145

Thus, we can conclude that in plutonium-239 number of protons is 94, number of neutrons is 145 and its symbol is [tex]^{239}_{94}Pu[/tex].

A way that biotechnology has Not helped society stronger bacteria have evolved that are resistant to antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria endangers everyone.

Bacteria are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats.

The structure of bacteria is known for its simple body design. Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms with the absence of the nucleus and other cell organelles; hence, they are classified as prokaryotic organisms.

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis. In addition to this DNA, they have an extra circular DNA called plasmid. These plasmids make some strains of bacteria resistant to antibiotics.

Therefore, A way that biotechnology has Not helped society stronger bacteria have evolved that are resistant to antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria endangers everyone.

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In a sample of acetic acid, the number of moles of oxygen can be calculated by understanding the molecular formula of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and using it to establish the ratio of carbon to oxygen. Given 96.5 moles of carbon in the sample, there would be 193 moles of oxygen.

To find the amount of moles of oxygen in a sample of acetic acid, we must first understand the molecular formula of acetic acid which is CH3COOH. This reveals that for each molecule of acetic acid, there are 2 atoms of carbon and 4 atoms of oxygen. Hence, in mole terms, for each mole of acetic acid, there are 2 moles of carbon and 4 moles of oxygen. If the analytical chemist has determined that there are 96.5 moles of carbon, this implies that there are 48.25 moles of acetic acid in the sample (since 2 moles of carbon correspond to each mole of acetic acid). Given the ratio of carbon to oxygen is 2:4 according to the molecular formula, we can multiply the number of moles of acetic acid by 4 to get the number of moles of oxygen, thus: 48.25 moles * 4 = 193 moles of Oxygen. Therefore, you can expect 193 moles of oxygen in the acetic acid sample.

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96.5 moles of carbon in the sample of acetic acid contains 96.5 moles of oxygen.

First, we need to understand the molecular formula of acetic acid, which is CH₃COOH. This means each molecule of acetic acid contains 2 carbon atoms, 4 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms.

Given that the chemist has determined there are 96.5 moles of carbon in the sample, we can determine the moles of acetic acid molecules by dividing the moles of carbon by 2 (since each molecule of acetic acid has 2 carbon atoms):

96.5 moles of C / 2 = 48.25 moles of acetic acid

Since each acetic acid molecule contains 2 oxygen atoms, we can find the total moles of oxygen by multiplying the moles of acetic acid by 2:

48.25 moles of acetic acid x 2 = 96.5 moles of oxygen

Thus, there are 96.5 moles of oxygen in the sample.

We have that the he rates of which reactions are increased when the temperature is raised is  endothermic reactions only

Option A

Generally, the rates of which reactions are increased when the temperature is raised is an Endothermic reaction only

This assertion lies on the basis of the fact that  Endothermic reaction requires a net gain of energy for reaction

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Answer : The concentration of [tex]H_3O^+[/tex] at equilibrium is, 0.015 M

Solution :

The balanced equilibrium reaction will be,

[tex]HA+H_2O\rightleftharpoons H_3O^++A^-[/tex]

The expression for dissociation constant of weak aciod will be,

[tex]k_a=\frac{[H_3O^+]\times [A^-]}{[HA]}[/tex]

where,

[tex]k_a[/tex] = dissociation constant of weak acid

Let the concentration of [tex]H_3O^+[/tex] and [tex]A^-[/tex] be 'x'

Now put all the given values in this expression, we get

[tex]4.6\times 10^{-4}=\frac{(x)\times (x)}{0.50}[/tex]

[tex]x=0.015M[/tex]

The concentration of [tex]H_3O^+[/tex] = [tex]A^-[/tex] = x = 0.015 M

Therefore, the concentration of [tex]H_3O^+[/tex] at equilibrium is, 0.015 M

Yes the above statement is true.

Solid solution alloying is the principal strengthening mechanism in high strength low alloy (hsla) steels.

Alloying is a process in which two or more than two metals are combined or mixed together and solid solution alloying is a solid form mixture of substances. For example a solid solution of iron and carbon which is used in construction as steel.

Final answer:

1. OPTION A.

2. OPTION B.

Ethanol has a higher vapor pressure than water due to less extensive hydrogen bonding, and the surface tension order for the substances is mercury (Hg), water (H₂O), octane (C₈H₁₈), reflecting the strength of the intermolecular forces.

Explanation:

The observation that ethanol (C₂H₅OH) has a higher vapor pressure than water (H₂O) at the same temperature is primarily due to more hydrogen bonding in water. Water's ability to form stronger hydrogen bonds compared to ethanol results in fewer water molecules escaping the liquid and hence, a lower vapor pressure. Ethanol, though capable of hydrogen bonding, exhibits weaker intermolecular forces (IMFs) compared to water, allowing more ethanol molecules to escape into the vapor phase.

Regarding the surface tension question, the correct order for the surface tension of the substances listed would be Hg, H₂O, C₈H₁₈ based on the intermolecular forces present in each substance. Mercury (Hg) has a very high surface tension due to strong metallic bonding, water (H₂O) has high surface tension from hydrogen bonding, and octane (C₈H₁₈) has comparatively lower surface tension as it is primarily affected by weaker London dispersion forces.

Answer is: D) Some liquid with the higher boiling point will be collected along with the liquid with the lower boiling point.

For example if we have mixture of water and alcohol ethanol, we can separate water and ethanol with distillation (process of heating and cooling).

Ethanol and water have different boiling points (physical property), ethanol has boiling point (78.37°C) and water (100°C).

When the mixture is quickly heated, water contains a lot of ethanol.

The temperature should stay more or less constant.

The compounds that are soluble in both water and hexane are usually polar compounds with a small size, such as ethanol and 1-butanol.

The compounds that are soluble in both water and hexane are usually polar compounds with a small size. This is because water is a polar solvent and hexane is a nonpolar solvent. Polar compounds, such as alcohols, have a hydroxyl group that can interact with the polar water molecules, while their nonpolar alkyl chain allows them to dissolve in hexane.

Out of the given options, ethanol and 1-butanol can dissolve in both water and hexane. Larger alcohols such as 1-pentanol and alcohols with longer alkyl chains are typically less soluble in water because their hydrophobic alkyl chains dominate over the specific hydrophilic hydroxyl group.

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