Answer:
Little increase in cell number
Explanation:
There are four distinct phases in the bacterial growth curves that is lag, log, stationary and death phase. The lag phase of the bacterial growth curve is characterized by very little increase in the cell number.
The growth rate of bacteria in the lag phase is slow because the medium is new to the bacterial culture and it requires time for bacteria have to adapt to the new cultural environment and to synthesize enzymes required for substrate utilization.
After getting adapt in their new environment bacteria starts to grow at an exponential rate. So little increase in cell number characterizes the lag phase.
The technique used to teach animals complex tricks, such as teaching pigeons to play ping-pong, is:
Answer:
this technique is a type of behaviour called " learning behaviour" that includes CONDITIONED REFLEX TYPE 1.
Explanation:
learning behaviour is a type which depends on the environmental influence, but the ability to modify the behaviour depends upon the heredity material.
for example:- in conditioned reflex type 1 the pigeons learn to play ping - pong. in this type of behaviour , the ability of learning depends upon the genetic basis of the individual.
The technique used to teach animals complex tricks, such as teaching pigeons to play ping-pong, is operant conditioning. This method involves shaping behaviors through reinforcement and incorporates stimulus discrimination, enabling the training of animals to perform various tasks.
Explanation:The technique used to teach animals complex tricks, such as teaching pigeons to play ping-pong, is known as operant conditioning, or instrumental conditioning. This method was extensively developed and utilized by B.F. Skinner, who was able to train pigeons to engage in various complex behaviors. Operant conditioning relies on the use of reinforcers to gradually shape behavior towards a desired outcome. This process often involves shaping, where successive approximations of a behavior are rewarded until the animal performs the complete behavior. It also incorporates stimulus discrimination, which teaches the animal to respond only to specific stimuli, much like Pavlov's dogs were trained to respond to the sound of a bell.
An example of operant conditioning in action is Skinner's training of pigeons to play ping-pong, among other tasks. These pigeons were trained through trial and error, receiving rewards for behaviors that approximated playing ping-pong, until they could perform the task fully. This type of conditioning highlights how animals can learn complex tasks and even categorize stimuli, providing insights into animal cognition and learning processes.
There are three layers of neurons in the retina. The axons of which of these neuron layers form the optic nerves?
Answer:
Layer of ganglion cells
Explanation:
Retina constitute the nervous coat/layer of the eye. Retina is further divided into ten layers. These layers from outermost to innermost are:
1. Retinal pigment epithelium
This is the outermost layer and is composed of hexagonal cells containing the pigment melanin.
2. Photoreceptor layer i.e. layers of rods and cons
This layer contains the rods and cones which are end organs of visual reception.
3. External Limiting membrane
This layer lies between layer of rods and cones and outer nuclear layer.
4. Outer Nuclear layer
This layer contains the nuclei of rods and cones.
5. Outer plexiform layer
This layer is characterized by the synapses of axons of photoreceptors and dendrites of bipolar cells.
6. Inner Nuclear layer
This layer contains the nuclei of bipolar cells.
7. Inner plexiform layer
This layer is characterized by the synapses of axons of bipolar cells and dendrites of ganglion cells.
8. Ganglion cell layer/ Layer of ganglion cells
This layer contains the nuclei of ganglion cells.
9. Nerve fiber layer
This layer contains the axons of ganglion cells. These axons form the fibers of optic nerve which is cranial nerve II.
10. Inner limiting membrane
This is the innermost layer of retina and lies next to the vitreous body. Vitreous body is a transparent, avascular jelly-like substance which occupies the posterior chamber of the eye.
ANSWER:
Axons of layer of ganglion cells form the optic nerves.
The three layers of neurons in retina are:
Outer Nuclear LayerInner Nuclear LayerGanglion cell LayerThe axons of the ganglion cell layer in the retina form the optic nerves.
How does the axons work?The retina is the light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye. It consists of three layers of neurons: the photoreceptor layer (containing rods and cones that detect light), the bipolar cell layer, and the ganglion cell layer.
When light stimulates the photoreceptors, they send signals to the bipolar cells, which then transmit the information to the ganglion cells.
The axons of the ganglion cells converge at the optic disc, creating the optic nerves that carry visual information to the brain.
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Distinguish between major classes of biomolecules, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids?
Answer:
Proteins (polymers of amino acids)
Carbohydrates (polymers of sugars)
Lipids (polymers of lipid monomers)
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA; polymers of nucleotides)
Explanation:
Proteins:
Chemical formula is CHON
−NH2 + −COOH +R group
Monomer is Amino acids.
Examples are enzymes, and some hormones.
Uses are Storage; Signals; Structural; Contractile; Defensive; Enzyme; Transport; Receptors.
Lipids:
Chemical formula is C:H:O
Greater than 2:1 H:O (carboxyl group)
Monomer is fatty acid and glycerol.
Examples are butter, oil, cholesterol, beeswax.
Functions are energy storage; Protection; Chemical messengers; Repel water.
Carbohydrates:
Chemical formula is C:H:O
1:2:1
Monomer is monosaccharides.
Examples are Glucose, Fructose, Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose.
Uses are energy storage; structure.
Nucleic Acids:
Chemical formula is CHONP
(pentose, nitrogenous base, phosphate ).
Monomer is nucleotides.
Examples are DNA, RNA.
Uses are Genetic information
Answer:
Explanation:
Biomolecules are made from single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers.
For protein monomers is Amino acid
−NH2 + −COOH +R group
For lipids monomers is :
C:H:O
Greater than 2:1 H:O (carboxyl group)
Fatty acid and glycerol
For carbohydrates monomers is:
Monosaccharides examples are Glucose, Fructose, Starch, Glycogen
For Nucleic acid:
Monomers is:
pentose, nitrogenous base, phosphate
e.g :Nucleotides DNA, RNA
A nurse is reviewing the structure and function of the neurologic system in preparation for a work placement on a neurologic unit.
What statement most accurately describes an aspect of the autonomic nervous system?
a. Nicotinic receptors are primarily associated with the parasympathetic nervous system
b. Cholinergic receptors are exclusively located in the sympathetic nervous system
c. Alpha- and beta-receptors are the two basic types of muscarinic receptors
d. The autonomic nervous spans the central and peripheral nervous systems
Answer: is d
Explanation:because the nurse is reviewing the structure and function of the neurologic system
One of the main functions of active transport is to supply the cells the oxygen required for metabolism. True False
Answer:
Answer is False.
Explanation:
The movement of molecules or materials through or across the cell membrane, usually from a lower concentration to a higher concentration, which requires the use or consumption of energy, is known as active transport.
The energy required by this process is in form of Adenosine triphosphate, ATP. Example is sodium - potassium pump.
According to the results of this experiment, germination of tobacco seeds during the first week is:________(a) increased by exposure to light(b) unaffected by light intensity(c) prevented by paper towels(d) accelerated in green-leaved seedlings
Answer:
a) Increased by exposure of Light
Explanation:
According to the table provided in the full question, Petri dish labelled A was covered for the first week and showed to have the least number of seed growth (i.e 12 germinated seeds). On the other hand Petri Dish B showed to have the highest number of growth for the first week (i.e 20 germinated seeds).
Since Dish A was covered with an opaque cover to block light entry for the first week differentiating it from Dish B ( which was not covered), explaining the reason for the least number of tobacco seeds germinated.
In most cases, to aid proper germination of seeds light exposure is required, hence the key definition in germination "which is the process whereby a seed begins to grow when placed under proper conditions".
According to the results of this experiment, germination of tobacco seeds during the first week is: Increased by exposure of Light.
a) increased by exposure to light
From the experiment, we can infer that:
According to the table provided in the full question, Petri dish A was covered for the first week and showed to have the least number of seed growth (i.e. 12 germinated seeds). On the other hand Petri Dish B showed to have the highest number of growth for the first week (i.e. 20 germinated seeds). Since, Dish A was covered with an opaque cover to block light entry for the first week differentiating it from Dish B ( which was not covered), explaining the reason for the least number of tobacco seeds germinated. In most cases, to aid proper germination of seeds light exposure is required, hence the key definition in germination "which is the process whereby a seed begins to grow when placed under proper conditions".Therefore, option a) is correct.
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All of the following fish choices have high levels of the toxin mentioned in the video except for __________.
1. swordfish
2. salmon
3. tilefish, or golden bass
4. shark
Answer:
Option 2, Salmon
Explanation:
Large fishes such as shark and sword fish have higher level of mercury. This fact can be explained by the concept of bio magnification in which an individual lying at a higher trophic level in a food chain gets accumulated toxin and hence possess the highest amount of toxin in a given food chain. Small fish such as salmon will have the lowest amount of mercury as they lie at the lower level of a food chain and hence possess a small amount of toxin
A parent brings her child to the ED. She thinks she swallowed a small toy figure. A radiology exam from the nose to the rectum is performed. The foreign body is not located. What CPT® code(s) is/are reported for the radiology services?
Answer:
The question is lacking in the options. Below are the options to complete the question
a. 70160, 70370, 71010, 74245
b. 43235, 44363
c.76010
d. 70160, 70370, 71010, 43235, 44363
The RIGHT ANSWER IS C
c.76010
Explanation:
To find a foreign body a radiology exam has to be done. In this senerio the foreign body was not found. In the CPT® Index, look for X-ray/Nose to Rectum/Foreign Body. The correct code is 76010
CPT® code(s) reported for the radiology services is 76010.
76010 is the CPT® code for a radiologic examination, which is used for a radiologic examination from the nose to the rectum for the detection of a foreign body.This code is specifically used for cases where the entire alimentary tract needs to be imaged to locate a potential foreign object.The radiology exam involves multiple images taken along the path from the nose to the rectum to ensure no part is missed.The comprehensive nature of this code accounts for the complete examination, making it the appropriate choice for this scenario.What is the anemia called that is a result of an improper maturation of red blood cells due to a lack of Vitamin B12?
Answer:
Megaloblastic anemia is a condition in which the bone marrow produces unusually large, structurally abnormal, immature red blood cells (megaloblasts). ... Megaloblastic anemia has several different causes - deficiencies of either cobalamin (vitamin B12) or folate (vitamin B9) are the two most common causes.
Explanation:
Chemicals which are released by female insects to attract male insects are called Select one:
a. auxins.
b. DDT.
c. insecticides.
d. pheromones.
Answer:D.
Explanation:
Which drug can cause chemical burns? 1 Anthralin 2 Prednisone 3 Tazarotene 4 Calcipotriene
Answer:
1. Anthralin
this can cause burning if its started at a high dose
2. Calcipotriene
this can cause burning,
itching,
rash,
irritation,
redness,
dry skin, or
peeling at the application site.
Among the drugs listed, Anthralin can cause chemical burns. It is used for treating psoriasis and can be irritating to the skin if misused. Other drugs, like Prednisone, Tazarotene, and Calcipotriene, are not typically associated with chemical burns.
The drug that can cause chemical burns among those listed is Anthralin. Anthralin, used primarily for the treatment of psoriasis, is known for its ability to induce irritation and chemical burns if not used correctly. Unlike Anthralin, Prednisone is a corticosteroid that can cause side effects such as immunosuppression but is not associated with causing chemical burns. Tazarotene may cause skin irritation but not chemical burns to the extent caused by caustic substances. Calcipotriene is a synthetic vitamin D3 analogue used for the treatment of psoriasis as well, and though it can cause skin irritation, it's not noted for causing chemical burns.
The chart above compares the daily water use per person to the price of water in selected countries. Which of the following conclusions can be correctly drawn using only the data in the chart?A. Water use and water price are directly proportionalB. Increased water use causes water prices to decline.C. High water use is generally correlated with lower water prices.D. Increased water prices cause water use to decline.E. Water resources are greater in the U.S. than in other countries.
Answer:
A. Water use and water price are directly proportional❌
B. Increased water use causes water prices to decline❌
C. High water use is generally correlated with lower water prices.✔
D. Increased water prices cause water use to decline.❌
E. Water resources are greater in the U.S. than in other countries.❌
Explanation:
Using only the data in the chart, we can come to a conclusion that the reason for the high usage of water is parallel too the lower cost of water
C. High water use is generally correlated with lower water prices.✔
Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to:
Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
Please see the attachment
Final answer:
Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions would cause the cat to fall into a deep coma, as the reticular formation's role in maintaining consciousness is vital.
Explanation:
The reticular formation is a network of neurons located in the brainstem that is crucial for regulating wakefulness and sleep cycles. This part of the brain filters incoming stimuli the spinal cord and relays it to various brain regions, contributing to the processing of sensory information and alertness. It is also involved in various autonomic functions, such as controlling the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. When the reticular formation is severed from the higher brain regions, the result is significant and impactful: the animal, in this case a cat, would fall into a deep coma. This loss of connection prevents the reticular formation from fulfilling its role in maintaining consciousness, thereby causing a state of deep unconsciousness from which the cat cannot be readily awakened.
Which of the following allows nutrients and other substances to be transported across the cell membrane?a. Carbohydratesb. Proteinc. Fatsd. Glucose
Answer:
b. Proteins
Explanation:
Several transmembrane proteins serve as transport proteins and move charged, polar and large substances such as ions, amino acids, sugars through membranes. These are the carrier proteins and channel proteins. Each type of transport protein transports a specific type of substance. Carrier proteins bind the ion or molecule and undergo changes in shape. This change moves the molecule across the membrane. Channel proteins form pores through the membrane to allow transport of substances.
For example, aquaporins are transmembrane proteins that allow water to pass through membranes.
Which of the following BEST describes a centric holding cusp of a mandibular left second molar?
a. It is the distofacial cusp and occludes in the embrasure between maxillary first and second molars.
b. It is the distofacial cusp and occludes in the central fossa of a maxillary second molar.
c. It is the distolingual cusp and occludes in the embrasure between maxillary first and second molars.
d. It is the distolingual cusp and occludes in the central fossa of a maxillary second molar.
Answer:
The answer is B- It is the distofacial cusp and occludes in the central fossa of a maxillary second molar.
Explanation:
Centric holding cusp are also called Stamp Cusps, it is a type of cusp in which include the facial cusp of the mandibular and palatal cusps of the maxillar posterior teeth. The occlude into the central fossa and marginal ridges of the opposing teeth. Centric occlusion is the position of mandibular condyle when the jaws are closed and the teeth are in maximum intercuspation. Occlusion is the static relationship of teeth, it means "closing up".
A group of students are reviewing information about antihistamines. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which agent as a second generation antihistamine?
Answer:
The correct answer is: loratadine (Claritin)
Explanation:
Histamine is the chemicals that are responsible for the allergic reaction in the body. Antihistamine is the drug that blocks the release of histamine by blocking the histamine receptor.
These drugs are divided into H1 and H2 antihistamine according to the type of receptor it blocks. H1 antihistamine is further divided into 1st generation antihistamine which is having a central effect and 2nd generation antihistamine in which the central effect is less and is used as an antiallergic drug.
Loratadine(Claritin) is commonly used as 2nd generation antihistamine drug therefore the student demonstrates an understanding of the information if they identify loratadine (Claritin) as 2nd generation antihistamine.
What happens to the size in each level in the idealized pyramid as energy is transferred through the trophic levels?
Answer:
The size is reduced as 80-95% of the available energy at one trophic level is not transferred to the next
Explanation:
There is loss of energy as it is transferred between trophic levels. The decrease in energy as it moves up the pyramid is due to energy loss as metabolic heat when one organism is consumed by another from the next level as it moves up the trophic levels.
The thermic effect of food (TEF) in the amount of energy the body needs to digest absorb metabolize and more the food you consume. Though TEF various depending on the type of food consumed what percentage of calories in the food a generally used for TEF?
a) 20%
b) 10%
c) 5%
d) 15%
Answer:B-10%
Explanation:
Physiologic changes resulting from the normal aging process place older adults at higher risk for adverse effects.
Which of the following will likely result if the concentration of electrolytes outside the cell is higher than in the intracellular environment?
A) The cell will be unaffected.
B) The cell will undergo mitosis and divide.
C) The cell will burst.
D) The cell will shrink and dry up.
Final answer:
In a hypertonic solution, where the concentration of electrolytes is higher outside the cell than inside, cells will tend to shrink and dehydrate as water moves out to equilibrate solute concentrations.
Explanation:
If the concentration of electrolytes outside the cell is higher than inside the intracellular environment, this indicates the environment is hypertonic. In a hypertonic solution, the solute concentration is greater on the outside than the inside, leading to a net flow of water moving out of the cell. As a result, cells in a hypertonic solution tend to shrink and dehydrate due to the loss of water. This phenomenon is a result of osmosis, where water moves across the cell membrane to equilibrate the solute concentration inside and outside the cell. Consequently, the correct response to the student's question is (D) The cell will shrink and dry up.
If cells from a carrot are removed and placed in a culture medium, they can develop into a normal adult plant. This demonstrates that carrot cells _____.
Answer:
Carrot cells are 'totipotent'.
Explanation:
Totipotency is the genetic potential of a plant cell which have all the genes or genetic information by which the cell can be developed into the whole plant similar to the original plant.
Cells obtained from a carrot from its stem, root or any other parts and the cells are kept in a culture medium containing mineral nutrients, vi¬tamins and hormones. The cells in a medium allowed to divide.
As a result, the cells in culture will produce an undifferentiated mass of cells called callus. The callus can give rise to normal plant under given certain ma¬nipulations in the culture.
Thus, the cells of the callus are totipotent.
In general, inversion and translocation heterozygotes are as fertile as organisms whose chromosomes are in the standard arrangement. In general, inversion and translocation heterozygotes are as fertile as organisms whose chromosomes are in the standard arrangement. True False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
The inversion heterozygotes are the organism that have one member with inverted sequence of gene and the other member of inversion heterozygote is normal. The normal organism contain chromosome in standard arrangement and the other organism consist of a inverted segment of gene that do not possess standard arrangement of chromosome.
The exchange of non homologous segment between two chromosome pairs that result in one normal and one translocation heterozygote. The chromosome are associated in quadrivalent manner at parenchyma stage of meiosis.
The standard arrrangement of chromosomes gets changed in inversion and translocation heterozygotes. Thus, the organism with inversion and translocation are not fertile as organisms whose chromosomes are in the standard arrangement.
A signal has reached the terminus of a client’s nerve and is in the space where the nerve is closest to the effector cell in a muscle. At what location is this signal?
Answer:
The options to consider are
a. Synapse
b. Soma
c. Neuron
d. Schwann cell
a. Synapse is the ANSWER
Explanation:
The SYNAPSE (neuronal junction)
is the site where the nerves appears closest to the effector cell in a muscle.
In this spot, electric nerve impulses among two neurons or a neuron and the effector cell in a muscle are transmitted.
In the plant kingdom, all of the species are descended from a single common ancestor. In terms of phylogeny, what type of tree of life is this?
Answer:
monophyletic tree
Explanation:
A monophyletic tree is when a group of organisms descended from a single ancestor like in the example given. In the image I added you can observe that there are also paraphyletic (showing the most recent common ancestor, but not all of its descendents like monophyletic trees) and polyphyletic trees (unrelated organisms descended from more than one ancestor).
I hope you find this information useful and interesting! Good luck!
HIPAA protects a category of information known as protected health information (PHI). PHI covered under HIPAA includes what ?
Answer:
The correct answer is "Identifiable health information that is created or held by covered entities and their business associates".
Explanation:
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996) is a legislation of the United States that gives protection and privacy to the patients medical information. The category of protected health information (PHI) covered under HIPAA includes identifiable health information that is created or held by covered entities and their business associates. This means that the medical data that is protected includes the one that is managed by healthcare providers and their business associates.
The development of herbicide resistance in populations of weeds over several generations is an example of___________.
Answer: Evolution
Explanation:
Evolution can be defined as the change in the characteristics of the species over a period of time which basically relies on the process of the natural selection.
The characters that allows the survival of the organism is favored and is known as the survival of fittest which is a natural selection.
This is known as evolution in which the herbicide resistant plant is favored more and has developed over a period of time.
American women are far more likely than men to distinguish between colors like teal and turquoise, or magenta and purple. This an example of:
Answer:color blindness.
Explanation:
This is a sex-linked disordered That is associated with a particular sex cells mostly the X chromosomes of thr father. The father with XY chromosomes is always color blinded because the Y chromosomes is weak and therefore does not carry this allele.The allele is always on the X of the father.
Mothers can be a carrier or Color blinded because of the XX sex chromosomes
Most women inherited the alleles from the color blinded X chromosomes of thier fathers provided the mother is also a carrier for the allele.
Which of the following is part of the subjective information gathered in a fitness assessment? A. Body composition B. Pulse C. Physiological measurement D. Occupation
Answer:
Answer is D. Occupation.
Explanation:
Subjective information can be described as the information that is based or depend on one's personal ideas, opinions or emotions. This means that it based or influenced by feelings and judgements.
A neuron cell body reaches threshold and depolarizes. The depolarization propagates down the length of the ______, is chemically transmitted across the ______, and directly affects the electrical potential in the ______ of the successive neuron.
Answer:
Axon.
Synapse
Dentrite and cell body.
Explanation:
AXON is the transmission conduit for action potential through saltatory conduction at the nodes of ranvier.
Synapse refers to the gap between adjacent nuerones and the entire components of that particular gap.
Denrites which originated from the cell.body received the transmitted signals from.the axon,and transmits this for response at effectors:muscle and glands.
What in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) brings information to the central nervous system?
Answer: Sensory nerves
Explanation:
The sensory nerve are the nerves that carries the information from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system.
These nerves recognizes the stimuli from the various parts of the body and sends it to the central nervous system of the body.
A motor nerve carries the information from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system of the body.
Hence, the correct answer is sensory nerve.
Answer:
Sensory Neurons
Explanation:
Sensory neurons are responsible for bringing in information to the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The information from PNS is then sent to the CNS for processing. Neurons constitute the basic unit of sensory system and are responsible for communicating the information between the systems. After the CNS processes the information, it sends the action signals through the motor neurons to the respective organs.
A 2% caloric increase in _____ can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease by 23%.a. trans fatty acidsb. saturated fatty acidsc. cholesterold. triglyceridese. an omega-6 to omega-3 ratio of 10:1
Answer:
Option A, trans fatty acids
Explanation:
Trans fats are the partially hydrogenated oils which are not considered safe for consumption as per the FDA. Since these fats are inexpensive and widely available they are frequently used. Trans fat increases the bad cholesterol of the body and reduces or lowers down the good cholesterol level. Due to this even a small consumption of trans fat put an individual at high risk of heart attack and stroke.
Hence, option A is correct