The answer is: demand characteristics
Demand characteristics refers to a situation when the subjects in an experiment change their own behavior in order to fulfill the expectations of the researchers.
In within group designs, same subjects are required to follow several different tests by the researchers. When this happen, there will be some subjects will be able to catch up about the things that the researchers want to find out and may change their behavior in order to be seen as favorable by the researchers.
The potential disadvantage of within-groups designs is demand characteristics - when participants change their behavior because they guess the purpose of the experiment, introducing bias. The participant's experience in one condition can affect their behavior in subsequent conditions.
Explanation:The potential disadvantage of within-groups designs that you mentioned is demand characteristics. Within-groups designs involve using the same participants in all conditions of a study, so the experience of participating in one condition could potentially influence participants' behavior in a subsequent condition. This is also known as carryover effects. This can be problematic as it can lead to demand characteristics, where participants guess the purpose of the experiment and change their behavior as a result, which can introduce bias.
For example, if an experiment was testing reaction times under situations of stress and no stress, and the same participant was exposed to the stress condition first, this might affect their reaction times when they later partake in the no-stress condition. This is due to demand characteristics - the participant may unconsciously behave in a way they think is expected in the study.
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Since the age of two, Michael has had a history of acting out. As a child, Michael’s acting out consisted of disrespecting his parents. By the age of 12, he was skipping school and hanging out with older boys in the neighborhood. By the time he was 15, he started using drugs and alcohol. Michael was consistently uncooperative with his parents. He was hostile to all authority figures, including teachers and police officers. He would frequently lose his temper and blame everyone else for his misbehavior. What mental disorder was most likely the appropriate diagnosis for Michael? a. Schizophrenia b. Mood disorder c. Bipolar disorder d. Oppositional disorder
The answer is D. Oppositional disorder
Oppositional disorder refers to a form of the psychological disorder that makes people develop the needs to be completely hostile/deviant to the people that they perceived as a figure of authority.
This type of disorder commonly occurs if the victims grow up in a chaotic environment that cause them to feel that they have no control over what's going on in their life. The hostile and deviant behaviors toward the authority are their effort to get the perception that they are in control of something.
Based on the behavior described, it is likely that Michael had Oppositional Defiant Disorder as a child which developed into Antisocial Personality Disorder as he aged.
Explanation:From the symptoms described, it sounds like Michael is exhibiting characteristics consistent with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in early childhood, progressing towards Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) as he got older. Both disorders are characterized by a continuous pattern of uncooperative, defiant and hostile behavior towards authority figures. However, only in APD does this behavior often result in violation of the individual's basic rights or the rights of others, and it typically comes with a history of similar behavior before age 15. APD individuals are also often impulsive and fail to plan ahead. For example, they can be deceitful and manipulative in order to attain personal gain or pleasure and often do not feel remorse for their actions.
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Which of the following therapists made the most extensive use of free association?
Select one:
a. Carl Rogers
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Albert Ellis
d. Joseph Wolpe
e. Fritz Perls
The answer is : B. Sigmund Freud
Free association refers to a psychoanalysis technique which allow the patients to freely talk about all the things they want during therapy session;.
Sigmund Freud is among the first ones that introduced the existence of unconscious thinking. He believe that free association is the best method that therapists can use to analyze the unconscious thinking that the patients have.
Peter goes from bright sunlight into a dimly lit theater. at first, he can see little or nothing as he looks for a seat. over a ten-minute period he is gradually able to see things directly in front of him more clearly. his ability to see things off to the side steadily improves for another twenty minutes. this process is called ________.
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The likelihood of a driver being involved in a fatal crash rises significantly with a bac of 0.05 percent and even more rapidly after what percent
The answer is: 0.08%
When our blood alcohol level reaches 0.05% , we will experience minor impairment in our memory and judgement. Compared to normal condition, this will significantly rises our risk of accidents.
After our blood alcohol level reaches 0.08% , speech, vision, reaction time, and hearing Impairment would be added to the equation. Which makes the likelihood rises rapidly compared to 0 .05% BAC.
Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?
A. blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long it takes him to estimate the size of a
room
B. determining how long it takes someone to learn how to fish if he is only allowed to watch
other people fishing
C. pairing a puff of air to the eye with seeing the color red in order to find out how many
repetitions it will take for someone to blink when he sees the color red
D. rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child
needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily
the answer is:D. Rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily
In operant conditioning , we try to enforce a certain type of habit or behaviors to the subjects by utilizing the use of rewards (when the subjects show a desired behavior) or punishment (when the subjects fail to show the desired behavior).
Option D fulfill this criteria, The Enforced habit would be Finishing his oatmeal voluntarily and they utilize the use of rewards every time the child finish his oatmeal mush in order to enforce it.
The experiment using operant conditioning is option D, where a child is rewarded for finishing his oatmeal, increasing the likelihood of that behavior in the future.
Explanation:The experiment which involves the use of operant conditioning is: rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily (option D). Operant conditioning is a learning process where behavior is shaped and controlled by its consequences, such as rewards or punishments. In this case, the child is rewarded (positive reinforce) for finishing his oatmeal (desired behavior), which increases the likelihood of the behavior being repeated in the future.
This principle is based on B.F. Skinner's work and is frequently used in various fields like education and psychotherapy. Other options A, B, and C are not examples of operant conditioning but of different psychological processes, namely sensory perception, observational learning, and classical conditioning, respectively.
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What term is used to describe a group that is strongly motivated by ideology, but is usually not considered to be well-defined and well-organized?
hactivists
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Answer:
The best answer to the question: What term is used to describe a group that is strongly motivated by ideology, but is usually not considered to be well-defined and well-organized, would be: Hactivists.
Explanation:
In the world of internet, and cyberspace, today there are terms that are used to identify groups of people who work through this cyperspace and who sometimes may not do what is best. While some are outright criminals who seek to cause as much harm and panic as possible through computers, and the internet, there are others who also may do things that are not completely acceptable, but that are explainable due to their motivation through their ideologies. While the first group, which once just known as simply hackers, are termed today as cyberterrorists, the second one are known as hactivists. Hactivists is a group of cyber users who are strongly motivated by ideology, but they are usually not considered well-organized or well-defined.
Theories that link ongoing poverty to the personal failings of the individual, family, or community are referred to as what?
The answer is: culture of poverty
According to the culture of poverty, parents who are trapped in poverty are more likely to teach the same behavior or way of thinking that make them poor to their children.
The lack of understanding will make the children grow up into adults who do not have the understanding on how to achieve success and eventually would be trapped in poverty cycle and repeat the same process to their children.
What problems and challenges might exist in establishing democracy in a country where it has never before existed
Answer:
What problems and challenges might exist in establishing democracy in a country where it has never before existed
Explanation:
In those countries that do not have a strong democratic tradition, the introduction of free elections alone has rarely been sufficient to successfully carry out a transition from a dictatorship to a democracy. It is also necessary that there be a profound change in the political culture, as well as the gradual formation of the institutions of democratic government.
One of the key aspects of democratic culture is the concept of "loyal opposition". This is a cultural change especially difficult to achieve in countries where historically changes in power have happened violently.
The term refers to the fact that the main actors participating in a democracy share a common commitment to their basic values, and that they will not resort to force or mechanisms of economic or social destabilization to obtain or regain power.
These are the basic problems and the challenges that would exist in establishing democracy in a country where it has never existed.
In order to get her 2nd grade students to memorize the poems written on the chalkboard, mrs. thyberg gives the students stickers for each poem they can recite from memory. after earning 5 stickers, a student gets to pick a prize out of the goody box. mrs. thyberg is using (a) ________________ to modify the children's behaviors.
Final answer:
Mrs. Thyberg is utilizing positive reinforcement via a token economy to encourage her second-grade students to memorize poems by offering stickers and prizes as incentives for desired behaviors.
Explanation:
Mrs. Thyberg is using positive reinforcement to modify the children's behaviors. This method, which is derived from operant conditioning principles, involves giving stickers as secondary reinforcers after a child performs the desired behavior of memorizing poems. Subsequently, accumulating five stickers allows the student to pick a prize from the goody box, reinforcing the behavior further. This system, often referred to as a token economy, effectively promotes desirable learning behaviors and reduces misbehavior by making the reinforcement contingent upon the target behavior and ensuring that the reward is meaningful and consistently delivered to the child.
Why is it so rare for a bill to be defeated in the floor vote in the House or Senate?
-Leadership makes sure that they have enough votes for passage before bringing it to a vote
-Bills that have been through the committee process have usually been altered enough to be agreeable to most memebers
-Bills that reach a floor vote almost always have the support of the president
-Only bills that are important and urgent reach a floor vote
The correct answer is: -Leadership makes sure that they have enough votes for passage before bringing it to a vote
In short, there is no way that leadership would let a bill get to a vote if they didn't know they could win. It would be too embarrassing otherwise.
Psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients A) focus on their immediate conscious feelings. B) feel more trusting toward others. C) become aware of their repressed conflicts and impulses. D) develop greater self-esteem.
The answer is: C. become aware of their repressed conflicts and impulses
Psychoanalytic techniques refers to the use of ambiguous tests or activities in order to develop an understanding to the patients' behavior or way of thinking.
If the tests are not ambiguous, the patients could understand how it's scored and might alter the results in order to be seen in positive light. But, if the test is ambiguous ( such as ink blot or parapraxes) it is very hard for them to alter the result and the psychiatrist can become aware of their repressed conflicts and impulses.
Psychoanalytic techniques are primarily designed to help patients become aware of their repressed conflicts and impulses, as Sigmund Freud believed that the unconscious mind influenced conscious behavior. By using techniques such as dream analysis and free association, psychoanalytic therapy aims to uncover and resolve these unconscious conflicts and desires.
Explanation:Psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients become aware of their repressed conflicts and impulses. Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, believed that the unconscious mind played a crucial role in shaping conscious behavior. He used various techniques such as dream analysis, slips of the tongue, and free association to access the unconscious and uncover repressed memories and desires. By bringing these conflicts and impulses into consciousness, psychoanalytic therapy aims to help patients understand themselves better and find resolution.
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Although karen's divorce was finalized several months ago, she still refers to jonathan as her "husband" rather than her "ex-husband" when talking with friends. which ego defense mechanism best explains karen's behavior? rationalization
Although Karen's divorce was finalized several months ago, she still refers to Jonathan as her "husband" rather than her "ex-husband" when talking with friends. The denial ego defense mechanism best explains Karen's behavior. Denial is a defense mechanism in which a person refuses to recognize or accept objective facts or experiences. It is an unconscious process that protects the individual from discomfort or anxiety.
What causes denial in a person?Anxiety, fear, and insecurity are all factors that can lead to denial. People attempt to safeguard their emotional security as a natural human instinct. When people are threatened or scared by an event, these emotions may be pushed to the side as a coping mechanism.
One of the most common forms of defense is denial. It happens when you reject reality or facts. People in denial may block out external events or circumstances in their minds in order to avoid dealing with the emotional consequences. To put it another way, they avoid unpleasant feelings or events.
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One reason women are underrepresented in leadership positions is that they are
One reason women are underrepresented in leadership positions is that they are looked at less positively than men for being assertive.
Unfortunately, men are looked at in a better light for being assertive in a leadership role. In prior generations, women were not allowed or considered for leadership roles so they are still often looked down at while in these positions.
Women are underrepresented in leadership roles for a variety of reasons, one of which is because they are seen less favorably than men for being forceful.
Why women are underrepresented in leadership positions?Women are considered as less in every aspect. Many of the people believe that women are not capable of make high level of decision and are not able to rule the country. Women are always treated as unequal to men and not giving equal opportunities.
Thus, Women are underrepresented in leadership roles for a variety of reasons.
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Conflict theorists see religion as being the means of social change and an instrument to establish a perfect society. True or false?
That statement is false
According to conflict theorists, there would never be a perfect society where every individual have an exact social standing. No religious establishments can change the situation.
People would always be in a constant state of competition in because we have to compete for a limited amount of resources in the society. Those who obtain most resources would be the one that have higher social standing and able to secure their survival.
The sharing of the same gods is an example of what or the spread of culture and ideas.
It is an example of syncretism.
Lynn has begun to buy small gifts for her therapist, and she feels extremely jealous of the time he spends with his other patients. To a psychoanalyst, this is most indicative of
A. free association.B. transference.C. the placebo effect.D. unconditional positive regard.
The answer is: B. Transference
In psychoanalysis, transference refers to a situation when the patients see the therapists as a source of emotional hollows that they've been craving for in their life.
This tend to occurs because for most patients, their therapists would be the only person that they perceived as someone that can understand them. This is what cause the extreme jealousy when such patients know their therapists spends time with other patients.
What is the definition of electors?
a person who has the right to vote in an election
Answer:
one who is qualified to vote; especially, one who is able to cast a vote for President in the electoral college
Explanation:
I got it right
What was the name of the important fort located at the location of present day pittsburgh
What are the answer choices?
Dr. adams is studying how the quality of breakfast influences academic performance for elementary school children. a sample of 100 children is selected. fifty children are provided with a nutritious breakfast when they arrive at school each morning. the other 50 children are given a doughnut each morning. after three months, dr. adams records the academic achievement level for each child and compares the two groups of scores. in this example, how many levels are there for the independent variable
a lot man it can range from 1-100
Explain how civil liberties differ from civil rights and how each are protected in the United States. In your explanation,provide examples of at least one civil liberty and at least one civil right
civil rights concern the basic right to be free from unequal treatment based on certain protected characteristics (race, gender, disability, etc.) in settings such as employment, education, housing, and access to public facilities.
Civil liberties concern basic rights and freedoms that are guaranteed -- either explicitly identified in the Bill of Rights and the Constitution, or interpreted or inferred through the years by legislatures or the courts.
examples for civil liberty
The right to free speech
The right to privacy
The right to remain silent in a police interrogation
The Civil liberties refer to the individual freedoms protected from government interference, while civil rights are entitlements that governments must protect for specific groups both civil liberties and civil rights are protected in the United States through legal measures.
Explanation:Civil liberties and civil rights are two related but distinct concepts in the United States.
Civil liberties refer to the fundamental freedoms that individuals possess and are protected from government interference.
These liberties are outlined in the Bill of Rights and include examples such as freedom of speech and protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.
On the other hand, civil rights are entitlements that governments must protect for specific groups that have faced discrimination.
They ensure equal treatment and opportunities for all individuals, regardless of characteristics such as race, gender, or religion.
The key distinction is that civil liberties focus on individual freedoms, while civil rights address the rights of specific groups.
In the United States, both civil liberties and civil rights are protected through legal measures.
The Constitution and its amendments establish the framework for safeguarding civil liberties, while various laws and court decisions provide protection for civil rights.
Overall, civil liberties and civil rights are vital components of the American political system, ensuring individual freedoms and promoting equality and fairness for all.
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The Eastern front was longer than other fronts of the war. Question 5 options: True False
true
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The horse was one of the animals Europeans brought to the New World. How did the horse affect the Native Americans
Well it helped them with navigation, Hunting and battles. That is a pretty simple summary of say. Besides that I’d say it helped them out a lot. They could also reach distances much faster.
Answer:
Native Americans had a new form of transportation.
Explanation:
Riddle: "what goes in hard and dry but comes out soft and wet?"
It would be a bag of tea
One possible answer is “Maggi" which goes in hard and dry and comes out wet and soft.
What is population density? What does a population density map show?
population density is the measurement of population per unit area or unit volume.
Answer: Population density measures the number of people in a given area.
Explanation:
Population density is known to measure the number of people in a given area. Thus, population density can change as a result of death rate, birth rate and so on.
Population density map shows how the population of a country is distributed that is how a given area is populated while others are not.
By providing prospective terrorist with electronic chat rooms for interfacing online with others who share their attitudes, the Internet most likely serves as a medium for ____________________.
The answer is: Group polarization
Group polarization refers to the situation when the members of the group are forced to comply to a more extreme action/principles than what they're usually more inclined to do.
Internet servers are often become a good medium for such group polarization because they are unregulated and the members of the group face no opposing views that challenge their group's principles.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the Articles of Confederation? Check all that apply. Equal voting rights were assigned to each state. Military matters were assigned to the national government. Approval of a supermajority of 9 of the 13 states was required to pass any laws. A majority of votes, or approval of 7 of the 13 states, was required to amend the Articles.
The correct answers are
1) Equal voting rights were assigned to each state- Under the Articles of Confederation each state, regardless of population, had one vote in the legislative branch.
2) Approval of a supermajority of 9 of the 13 states was required to pass any laws. This was implemented to make passing laws difficult, as Americans at this time did not want a strong central government based on their experience as colonists under the control of Great Britain.
The true statements about the Articles of Confederation are: equal voting rights were assigned to each state, military matters were assigned to the national government, and a majority of votes (7 out of 13 states) were required to amend the Articles.
Explanation:The correct statements regarding the Articles of Confederation are:
Equal voting rights were assigned to each state. Each state had one vote in Congress, regardless of its population.Military matters were assigned to the national government. The central government had the power to declare war and make peace, but it depended on the states to provide soldiers.A majority of votes, or approval of 7 of the 13 states, was required to amend the Articles. Changing the Articles of Confederation required the consent of the majority of states.Learn more about the Articles of Confederationhttps://brainly.com/question/28391165
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Psychiatrists and psychologists are most likely to consider socially unusual behavior as disordered if it is
Personally stressful or personally distressful? Hope this helps
How many NBA teams are located in the North-centural region of the United States name them
The division consists of five teams, the Chicago Bulls, the Cleveland Cavaliers, the Detroit Pistons, the Indiana Pacers and the Milwaukee Bucks.
Answer:
Chicago Bulls, the Cleveland Cavaliers, the Detroit Pistons, the Indiana Pacers and the Milwaukee Bucks.
Explanation:
Work activities are most likely to foster happiness when they promote rumination. emotional catharsis. the experience of flow. relative deprivation.
Letter C is the correct answer.
Work activities are most likely to foster hapiness when these activities promote the experience of flow. Flow is a very enjoyable state of being and can happen in different ways for different people: it doesn't only help us to feel happier, but also more creative and productive in our daily tasks.
Work activities involve challenge in this fast paced life. Every individual is driven to prove his creativity and productivity.
Experiencing a state of flow makes an individual to completely immerse and focus in that specific activity which would result him in attaining the bliss of work.
When an individual grossly immerses himself in a particular activity, his skill and the difficulty level of the task is balanced creating a sense of pleasure to perform that specific work.
Roosevelt supported the repeal of prohibition because
The answer is: he thought that it afforded the opportunity to raise needed federal revenue and provide jobs.
The repeal of prohibition refers to the act of unbanning the sales of liquor or other intoxicating substance from the market.
Roosevelt did this during the time when United States experienced the great depression. He though that unbanning the sales would increase the government revenue from sales taxes and give him with the opportunity to raise needed federal revenue for welfare programs and provide employment in that industry,.