Answer:
d
Explanation:
Pristine forests do not provide the ecosystem service of land for agriculture because converting forests into farmland requires anthropogenic activities, which result in environmental issues like deforestation and climate change.
Explanation:The ecosystem service among the options that is NOT provided by pristine forests is option d. land for agriculture. Pristine forests, by their very definition, are untouched and unspoiled by human activities, including agriculture. While forests provide critical ecosystem services like prevention of soil erosion (option a), removal of air pollution (option b), and moderation of climate (option c), they do not naturally provide land for agricultural use. Any conversion of forest land into agricultural land typically comes with negative impacts such as deforestation, which leads to a reduction in habitats for numerous species, buildup of greenhouse gases, soil erosion, and a disrupted local climate.
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In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of liquid water is ________.
A) a function of salinity
B) about the same as other liquids
C) related to solvent concentration
D) higher than other liquids
E) lower than other liquids
Answer:
D) higher than other liquids
Explanation:
As the ocean that is high heat capacity has salinity and they show an absorbing capacity and thus function of salinity and the heat is directly related and in comparison to that of the other liquids. As there is a decreasing effect on the heating capacity of the water that has a specific heat capacity of about 0.932 compared to that of pure water.In the 1800s Lord Kelvin estimated the age of the Earth, utilizing a number of assumptions.
Which wrong assumption was the primary reason why his estimate (approximately 20 million years) was so wildly inaccurate?
A. that the Earth was once hotter than it presently is today
B. that the Earth may have been molten when first formed
C. that no new heat has been added to the Earth since its initial formation
D. that the Earth would lose heat over time through radiation into outer space
Answer:
B. that the Earth may have been molten when first formed
Explanation:
In 1800 the lord kelvin estimated the age of the earth and it provides to be about 100 million years and was made in appreciation of the scientific discoveries. And he calculated this to the age of the earth with the help of the thermal gradients ad realized that the earth mantel was converting and he invalidated its estimates. And has initially accepted the earth age to be 100 million as old as e believed that the geologic process can complete their word within a time frameworks and the 20 years was insufficient."The correct answer that was wrong and led to Lord Kelvin's inaccurate estimate of the Earth's age is C. that no new heat has been added to the Earth since its initial formation.
Lord Kelvin's estimate of the Earth's age was based on the assumption that the Earth started as a molten sphere and has been cooling down ever since through the process of heat conduction and radiation into outer space (assumption D). He used the thermal conductivity of rocks and the temperature gradient in the Earth's crust to calculate the rate at which the Earth was cooling. By extrapolating this rate back in time, he estimated that the Earth could not be more than 20 to 100 million years old.
However, Kelvin's calculations did not take into account the fact that the Earth has internal sources of heat, which means that assumption C was incorrect. The discovery of radioactivity by Henri Becquerel in 1896, and the subsequent realization that radioactive decay in the Earth's interior generates significant amounts of heat, was a key factor that Kelvin did not consider. This radioactive decay provides an ongoing source of heat, which means that the Earth is not cooling down as quickly as Kelvin's model assumed.
The other assumptions listed are generally accepted as true:
A. The Earth was indeed hotter in the past, which is consistent with the theory of a once-molten Earth that has been gradually cooling.
B. It is widely accepted that the Earth was molten when it first formed, due to the heat generated by the accretion of material, the formation of the core, and the release of gravitational potential energy.
D. The Earth does indeed lose heat over time through radiation into outer space, but this is counteracted by the internal heat generation from radioactive decay.
Therefore, the primary reason for the inaccuracy in Kelvin's estimate was the omission of the continuous input of heat from radioactive decay within the Earth, which makes the Earth much older than his calculations suggested. Current estimates put the age of the Earth at about 4.54 billion years, based on radiometric dating of meteorites and rocks, which aligns with the age of the solar system."
Where warm, moist, unstable mT air seldom penetrates, such as along the west coast of the United States, ________. there are many thunderstorms there are very few thunderstorms there is no humidity in the air there is an excess of humidity in the air
Answer:
there are very few thunderstorms
Explanation:
Maritime tropical air masses that influence the weather of the western coastal areas of the America starts in the Caribbean Sea, then to the southern Gulf of Mexico, and the tropical Atlantic east of the Florida and the Bahamas. Maritime tropical air masses are moist and unstable. While the continental dry air mass consisting of the hot and arid climates of the southwest, thus their interaction creates occasional thunderstorms.Answer:
That there are very few thunder storms
Explanation:
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Why were Europeans eager to create supranational organizations after WW2?
Answer: To prevent future wars and check the growth of communism
Explanation:
In a supranational organization, the ability of nations to affect decisions goes beyond the limit of their nation's borders, they act as a part of a larger body aiming to achieve a common goal for all its members. The European Union and the African Union are examples of supranational organizations.
These organizations create a uniting force between member countries through trade, environmental protection or food production practices, thereby, preventing war and diverging ideas contrary to the shared value of the group such as communism, which was a threat to nations immediately after World War II.
Post World War II, Europeans aimed to create supranational organizations like the United Nations, NATO, and the European Union to ensure international peace, create stability, deter aggression, and closely tie their economies to prevent further wars.
Explanation:After World War II, Europeans were eager to create supranational organizations such as the United Nations and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to ensure international peace and stability and deter any aggressive actions like those that had led to two devastating world wars.
In addition, the formation of the European Union (EU) served as a means to tie European economies more closely together, with the aim of preventing another devastating war. The EU started with a free trade association, evolved into a common market, and then transformed into a full economic union. It introduced a common currency, the euro, and phased out most of the former national forms of money, a clear illustration of the scope and success of these post-WWII supranational institutions.
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Oil shale is permeated with an organic material that has not yet converted to oil called ____________________
Answer: Kerogen
Explanation: a Kerogen is an organic substances that helps to permeate (has pores which allow the inflow and outflow of certain substances like air or watee)oil shells, Kerogen has not net been converted to oil.Kerogens are waxy in nature with complex structures,Kerogens can not be extracted using organic Kerogens also contain Sulfur and Nitrogen. Kerogen contains Hydrocarbons in the form of paraffin which disolves under high temperatures and pressure into substances similar to petroleum.
Can you determine what types of igneous rock share the same mineral composition, but are different in texture, and are therefore different rocks?
Answer:
The rocks that share te same mineral compsition but are different in texture are:
Rhyolite, Diorite, Gabbro and Peridotite
Granite and rhyolite, as well as gabbro and basalt, are examples of igneous rocks with the same mineral composition but different textures due to the different conditions under which they cool and solidify.
Explanation:Yes, you can figure out which types of igneous rocks share the same mineral composition but have different textures and therefore are different rocks. An excellent example of this is the difference between granite and rhyolite, or gabbro and basalt. Granite and gabbro are both intrusive igneous rocks, meaning they cool and solidify below the Earth's surface, resulting in large, visible mineral crystals due to slow cooling. Alternatively, rhyolite and basalt are extrusive igneous rocks, meaning they solidify quickly above the Earth's surface after volcanic eruptions, resulting in small, fine crystals due to rapid cooling.
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If you bought an old house and while remodeling it found that its floor was raised off the ground by huge stones, you could assume that the original builder of the house could be from which folk region:
Answer:
Lowland south
Explanation:
The lowland south people were historical and cultural region of Scotland,they usually build houses whose floor is raised off the ground by huge stones
In contrast to a country with a primate city, a country whose cities follow the rank size rule is more likely to have-
a. wealth concentrated in urban areasb. fewer cultural centersc. more equality between urban and rural living standardsd. unequal living standards between larger and smaller citiese. a smaller overall population
Answer:
Option C: more equality between urban and rural living standards
Explanation:
In most countries with primate cities, there is a great imbalance in development. The biggest city may hold a great share of the country's entire population, about 35 - 45%.
On the contrary, countries who follow the rank-size rule, have more balanced cities, with great populations and levels of development. This increases the living standards in both rural and urban regions because people from rural areas don't need to go to one big city to get employment, opportunities, education, etc.
physically breaks rocks into smaller pieces. __________ changes the surface of rocks into new substances
Answer:
mechanical weathering
Explanation:
As a definition, mechanical weathering is the disintegration and decomposition of rocks on or on the earth's surface produced by different atmospheric, climatic and biological agents.
Weathering is a permanent process in nature.
It is also defined as a static process by which the rock breaks into small fragments, dissolving and decomposing to form new minerals. This is the way in which the removal and transport of detritus then results in erosion. It follows that weathering, by reducing the consistency of the stone masses leads to the erosion process.
The causative agents of the weathering of the stones, (external geological agents) can be physical (mechanical), chemical and biological.
32. Most igneous activity takes place ____________.
a. underground
b. above ground
Answer: A
Explanation:
"Igneous rock, any of various crystalline or glassy rocks formed by the cooling and solidification of molten earth material." Because igneous rocks are formed by the solidification of magma or molten earth material, most of the activity will take place underground as magma is beneath the Earth's surface.
Answer:
The correct answer for this question is A. Underground
Explanation:
Most of the igneous activity takes place under the tectonic plates and it is an ongoing process. It happens all the time.
The problems with industrialized agriculture are discussed in the book and include dangerous chemicals, weather susceptibility, large amounts of energy and health risks. Taken all together, these problems add significantly to the:a. dramatic increases in poverty worldwide.b. shrinking numbers of people who are able to till the soil for a living.c. expanding human ecological footprint.d. increased dependency on fossil fuels.
Answer:
My answer would be A. Dramatic increases in poverty worldwide.
Explanation:
The term blanching, used to describe localized cold injury, means the tissue has turned to which of the following colors?
A. Blue or purple
B. White or lighter
C. Red
D. Black
The correct answer is B. White or lighter.
Explanation
Blanching occurs as tissue turns white or has a lighter color as a result of inappropriate blood flow. One of the main causes of blanching is lesions produced by cold as low temperatures produce reduced blood flue and therefore, this lesion produces blanching. This has symptoms such as tingling sensation, numbness, and even issues to move the limb or part of the body that has been exposed to cold. Additionally, this lesion should be treated by using external heating; although, in severe cases, the tissue might be irreversibly affected. So, the correct answer is B. White or lighter
Environmental problems associated with geothermal energy include:________ a. water and noise pollution and devastation of caribou herds. b. air pollution, corrosion of pipes, and may be toxic to fish. c. killing of birds, noise pollution, and is very expensive. d. being non-renewable, smells, and has large volumes of waste water.
Answer:
b. air pollution, corrosion of pipes, and may be toxic to fish
Explanation:
Use of earth heat to generate electrical energy through geothermal power plants is known as geothermal energy. There are certain disadvantages associated with geothermal power generation. One such problems is air pollution. Steam from the Earth brings up heavy metals such as Sulfer, Radon Salts and toxic gases which pollute environment. In the process of energy production, hazardous sludge produced which contaminate soil and water. Due to presence of heavy metals it corrodes pipes. Geothermal plants should be constructed with utmost care otherwise it greatly impact on local environment.
You are walking on the beach along the south-coast of Alaska. You see rocks cut by numerous faults that consist of basalt with evidence of eruption in the ocean, deep-water chert, mudstone, and sandstones with abundant volcanic material. What tectonic setting would you assign to these rocks?
A) passive continental margin sequenceB) forearc basinC) accretionary wedgeD) continental interior basin
Answer:
C. Accretionary wedge
Explanation:
Accretionary wedge is the tectonic setting that i will assign to the rocks as accretionary wedge can be best described as a mass of materials scraped off an area of oceanic crust and piled up at the edge of the overriding plate.
Oceanic crust spreads at ____1_______, creating new crust and slowly enlarging the ocean basin. _____2_______ are deep valleys at passive continental boundaries. They are likely eroded by ____3____, which occur when sediment-laden water rapidly moves down slope. Melt from the subducting plate rises to the surface, erupts through the crust on the overriding plate and forms _____4_______ on continents, or ____5________in the ocean.
Answer:
1. Mid-ocean ridges.2. Submarine canyons.3. Turbidity currents.4. Continental volcanic arcs.5. Volcanic island arcs.Explanation:
The new oceanic crusts are created in the mid-oceanic ridges and the oceanic submarine canyons are those that are enlarged by sedimentary basins and the occurrence of the turbidity of the current leads to the formations of sediment-laden water and that rapidly moves down the continental slopes and has vertical walls. The continental arcs form in the areas of the continental zones and here the continental crust gets subducted. And in a similar way, the volcanic islands arcs are formed in the oceans.On the average, more than half of the oil in a reservoir is left behind after a well has "gone dry," using primary recovery techniques.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
A) True
Explanation:
As the primary recovery technique is a method of gas drive and is the first stage of petroleum and gas production and relies on due to the natural rise of pressure between the fields and bottom hole of the well. It is a less expensive than an advanced system of oil recovery and forces the oil to the surface.Oceanic crust
a. has the same composition as continental crust.
b. is the same age as continental crust.
c. has not been sampled directly because it is too deep beneath the ocean.
d. is covered by a thin blanket of sediment that thickens away from the ridge axis.
Answer: D - is covered by a thin blanket of sediment that thickens away from the ridge axis.
Explanation: Oceanic Crust is the outermost layer of the lithosphere tectonic plates.
It is formed at sea level with dense rock which form distinct layers.
The oceanic crust is about 6km in thickness and it is composed of basaltic rock overlain by sediments and it is found under the ocean.
Oceanic crust is divided into upper oceanic crust and lower oceanic crust.
A boxing tournament is scheduled to start at 8pm local time in Los Angeles (75 degreewest).At what time should fans in Nigeria (15 degree west ) switch on their television to watch the commencent of the match
Answer:
When standard time is being observed in Los Angeles, the boxing match held at 8 pm local time in Los Angeles it will be on at 5 am the following day in Nigeria.
Explanation:
The time difference between Nigeria and Los Angeles is 9 hours during standard time periods. Nigeria does not observe daylight savings time but Los Angeles and the state of California does, so between March 8th and November 1st, 2020 (the period for daylight savings time this year), the time difference will be 8 hours between Los Angeles and Nigeria. Therefore, during daylight savings time in Los Angeles, the match would be on at 4 am the next day in Nigeria and that is when those wanting to watch the match should turn their TVs on.
Companies are burning coal through combustion to produce electricity. The amount of electrical energy produced is less than the amount of stored potential energy found in coal. Which best explains this observation?
Answer:
Potential energy in the coal gets transformed to electricity
Explanation:
As when coal has burned the conversion of the energy takes place and the chemical energy in coal s converted into the electrical energy and thus heat is produced an is used to run the steam power engines. So as the heat energy derived from the coal is converted to kinetic and kinetic is converted to mechanical and this mechanical is coveted to electrical energy to further run the machines thus energy is not destroyed it only transfers.Answer:
Some of the potential energy in the coal is converted into heat energy.
Explanation:
I did the answer and got it right!
Plants such as leafy spurge can double their population size every year in part because of their efficient production of large amounts of seeds. Populations that can double every year, such as leafy spurge,
a. will do so endlessly, eventually achieving a global distribution.
b. are examples of logistic growth.
c. probably have more predators than other species.
d. exhibit exponential growth as they spread to new regions. Group of answer choices
Answer:
Option D is correct.
Explanation:
Euphorbia esula is commonly known as leafy spurge, it's a creeping perennial native from central Europe, and most of north Asia.
The leafy spurge has deep roots, that store vital nutrients that allow the plant to recover from most control efforts.
Each plant can produce around 140 seeds per flowering shoot, these seeds are then expelled up to 15 ft. They can subsist up to 8 years in the soil.
This allows the plant to grow exponentially as it infests new regions.
The invention of __________________ made it easier to see that there were actually more bodies within the universe than was originally thought.
Answer:
The invention of the telescope made it easier to see that there were actually more bodies within the universe than was originally thought.
Explanation:
This is because telescopes allowed us to see bodies within the universe that couldn't be seen with naked eye. This improved significantly our understanding of Earth's place in the cosmos and sparked the beginning of a revolution in the field of Physics.
Answer:
telescope
Explanation:
Earth's outer layer is composed of seven dominant plates. What is the name of this rigid outer layer?
A. mesosphere
B. hydrosphere
C. lithosphere
D .mantle
E. asthenospher
Answer:
Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth.
Following are a number of distinguishing characteristics of spiral and elliptical galaxies. Match each characteristic to the appropriate galaxy type.
1. have a flattened disk of stars
2. are rare in central regions of galaxy clusters
3. contain many bright, hot stars
4. are more reddish in color5. contain primarily old, low-mass stars
6. contain abundant clouds of cool gas and dust
7. have significant, ongoing star formation
Answer:
1. have a flattened disk of stars --- spiral galaxies.2. are rare in central regions of galaxy clusters --- spiral galaxies.3. contain many bright, hot stars --- Spiral galaxies.4. are more reddish in color --- Elliptical galaxies.5. contain primarily old, low-mass stars --- Elliptical galaxies.6. contain abundant clouds of cool gas and dust --- Spiral galaxies.7. have significant, ongoing star formation --- Spiral galaxiesExplanation:
Most galaxies that contain a central bulge that is surrounded by a rotating disk of arms that circles the galaxies are said to be a spiral galaxy. About 60% of the galaxies are made up of spiral shapes and they are mostly found n low-density regions and are in the central of the galaxy clusters. Spiral galaxies often have beautifully shaped made form hot and young stars. The more reddish in color indicates much older galaxies and are resemble that of an elliptical shape. Also, they consist of a little amount of dust and gas left. Spiral galaxy has rich gas and high star formations.What percentage of Earth's water is fresh water? Which of the following contrasts between confined and unconfined aquifers is correct?
Answer:
Question 1. The percentage is 3%.
Question 2. Only confined aquifers can produce artesian wells.
Explanation:
The remaining 97% of water is saline and ocean-based, thus, not adequate for consumption. And with from that small 3%, only about 1% is accessible to us, because the rest is located in glaciers and snowfields.
Regarding the second question, for an artesian well to form, a confined aquifer must exist. A confined aquifer stores groundwater under positive pressure, caused by layers of impermeable rocks. Any well drilled into the confined aquifer is called an artesian well.
Answer:
Ans to first question: 3 percent of the water is fresh
Ans to second question: Only confined aquifers can produce artisan wells
Explanation:
The earth is largely covered by water, upto 70 percent, and only about 3 percent of the entire water is fresh, which can be used for agricultural purposes or for other domestic uses. Only 1 percent of this fresh water portion is easily reached by us while the remaining portion are found in snowfields and glaciers.
The remaining water portion are deemed saline.
Artesian well are wells with its water being under pressure and can be said to flow to the surface naturally without being pumped. Only confined aquifers can produce artisan wells
Traveling southward from the Arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of Panama, one passes through several biomes - tundra, coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest, and tropical rain forest. This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result ofa. Primary and secondary successionb. An increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation c. An increase in the total annual hours of sunlightd. The invasion of exotic species
Answer:
Explanation:
This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of because an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation.The vegetation changes with changes in temperature from traveling southward from the Arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of Panama, Temperature and the precipitation both increase which is better from vegetation growth.
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Considering the question above, this pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of an "increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation."
This is because the annual temperature is defined by the amount of sunlight, while annual precipitation is defined by the amount of rainfall.Both rainfall and sunlight are the primary agents of vegetation.Therefore, an increase in both rainfall and sunlight throughout the year will affect the vegetation.Hence, in this case, the correct answer is option B "An increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation"
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The mixture of gravel, sand, and crushed stone called ______ is an extremely useful construction material.
Answer:
aggregate
Explanation:
Aggregate is a construction material mixture of gravel, sand, and crushed stone used extensively in concrete production. Concrete has been used for centuries and has become more predictable in the last 100 years. Specialized aggregate like sand is also crucial for glass making.
The mixture of gravel, sand, and crushed stone referred to within the question is known as aggregate, a key component in the production of concrete. Concrete is a construction material with a history stretching back to Roman times, where it was developed as a mixture that hardens over time and operates similarly to stone. This material is critical for its various uses in construction, from large projects like concrete dams to something as simple as filling a child's sandbox. Additionally, specialized forms of aggregate, like sand, is essential in industries like glass making, although higher purities are required for certain types of glass and electronics.
Regarding Eastern Orthodox churches, how many separate churches are there, and which has the largest membership?
Answer:
There are 14 self-governing churches, and Romanian church has 20% of Eastern Orthodox Christians.
Explanation:
The Eastern Orthodox Church consists of multiple national churches with the Russian Orthodox Church having the largest membership. They are largely self-governing but united in theology, differing from Western Christianity and with no official communion with the Oriental Orthodox churches.
The Eastern Orthodox Church is made up of several national churches, including but not limited to the Greek Orthodox, Bulgarian Orthodox, Romanian Orthodox, Serbian Orthodox, and the Russian Orthodox Churches. Of these, the Russian Orthodox Church has the largest membership. These national churches are largely self-governing but are united in theology and worship. The Orthodox Church is distinctive from Western Christianity, which includes Roman Catholicism and Protestant denominations, and is known for its traditional practices and icons. The Eastern Orthodox Church and the Oriental Orthodox churches share full communion within their respective bodies but are not in official communion with each other. Furthermore, ongoing theological dialogues occur among various Orthodox churches and between Orthodox and some Western churches.
In countries like Estonia, there are multiple Orthodox jurisdictions, such as the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church and the Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate. The Eastern Orthodox Church has played an important role in the religious tradition of Byzantium and continues to be an important faith community today.
How marine scientists investigate the ocean underlying geology, and organisms living in the water?
Answer:
sonar and GPSStudy of the ocean current, temperature, salinityStudy of the biologyearth studying satellitesExplanation:
The marine scientist makes use of the devices like the GPS and the sonar and they also study the movement of the oceanic current, including the study of the salinity conditions and temperature and the rise of the biodiversity of the species and also generated data from the earth marine satellites. These data are essential to help us to study the patterns of the marine geology and seafloor studies of the 0cean deeps.What is the northernmost capital of continental europe?
Answer:
Helsinki
Explanation:
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What is the name of one wind system you can use to travel around Earth?
Answer:
a sailboat?
Explanation:
You can sail a ship around this world even against the wind using wind energy. By picking up speed using wind then use kinetic energy gained to sail against the wind direction. So, yes, even with one wind direction we can sail the globe both ways.
Answer:
geotropic wind.
Explanation:
There are winds because there are differences in pressures. The direction of wind is also affected by coriolis affect. Due to Coriolis Force, the wind flowing from equator towards the North Pole and from North Pole towards the equator are deflected to their right while the winds flowing north-south and south-north in the southern hemisphere are deflected towards their left. The magnitude of the deflection, or “Coriolis effect,” varies significantly with latitude. The Coriolis Effect is zero at the equator and increases to a maximum at the poles. The effect is proportional to wind speed; that is, deflection increases as wind strengthens. The resultant balance between the pressure force and the Coriolis force is such that, in the absence of surface friction, air moves parallel to isobars (lines of equal pressure). This is called the geotropic wind.
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