The answer to this question would be b.
3 things affect the freezing point of water, a constant(Kf), molality(b) and a number of dissolved particles (i).
Kf is a constant so that has the same effect. Because you have 1 mole of everything, molality is also constant.
so the only thing you gotta look after is the number of the dissolved particles which which iron III chloride has the highest
Final answer:
The 1 molar FeCl3 solution will have the lowest freezing point because, upon dissociation, it produces the most particles per kilogram of water, which causes the greatest freezing point depression. So the correct option is b.
Explanation:
The solution with the lowest freezing point is determined by the number of particles produced in the solution upon dissolving the solute. The effect on the freezing point is a colligative property, meaning it depends on the number of solute particles in the solution, not the type of particles. To answer which of the following solutions will have the lowest freezing point — 1 molar KCl, 1 molar FeCl3, 1 molar CaCl2, or 1 molar NaCl — we must consider the dissociation of each compound.
KCl, NaCl, and CaCl2 are all salts that dissociate into ions in solution. KCl and NaCl dissociate into two ions (K+ and Cl- for KCl, Na+, and Cl- for NaCl), so a 1 molar solution of these salts will produce 2 moles of ions per kilogram of water. CaCl2 dissociates into three ions (Ca2+, Cl-, Cl-), resulting in 3 moles of ions per kilogram of water. FeCl3, however, dissociates into four ions (Fe3+, Cl-, Cl-, Cl-), which gives us 4 moles of ions per kilogram of water.
Thus, the solution of 1 molar FeCl3 will have the lowest freezing point because it produces the highest number of dissociated particles, leading to the greatest degree of freezing point depression.
The temperature of 15.71 grams of gold rises from 32°C to 1,064°C, and then the gold melts completely. If gold’s specific heat is 0.1291 joules/gram degree Celsius and its heat of fusion is 63.5 joules/gram, how much energy is gained by the gold?
The answer is:
The total energy gained is equal to 3091 Joules.
Why?To calculate how much energy is gained by the gold, we need to use the formula to calculate the heat transfer, it's defined by the following equation:
[tex]Q=mc\Delta T[/tex]
We know that the gold melts completely (it reached its melting point or fusion temperature), so, we need to rewrite the equation as follow:
[tex]Q=mc\Delta T+m\Delta H_{fusion}[/tex]
Where,
m,is the mass of the material
c, is the specific heat of the material
ΔT, is the change of temperature.
ΔH, is the heat of fusion of the material.
So, from the statement we know the following information:
[tex]m=15.74grams\\\\\Delta T=1064\°C-32\°C=1032\°C\\\\c=0.1291\frac{Joules}{gram\°C}\\\\m\Delta H_{fusion=15.71grams*\frac{63.5Joules}{gram}=997.59Joules[/tex]
Then, substituting and calculating, we have:
[tex]Q=mc\Delta T+m\Delta H_{fusion}[/tex]
[tex]Q=15.71grams*0.1291\frac{Joules}{gram\°C}*1032\°C+997.59Joules[/tex]
[tex]Q=2093.06Joules+997.59Joules=3090.65Joules=3091Joules[/tex]
Hence, we have that the total energy gained is equal to 3091 Joules.
Have a nice day!
A sample of gas with a volume of 2.0 L at STP is found to have a mass of 1.43 g. Calculate the molecular mass of this gas. Is it possible this gas is methane? Why or why not?
Answer:
15.9gmol⁻¹
The gas could have been methane when we compare the two molecular masses.
Oxygen gas, O₂ also shares this same number for its molecular mass. This would be the reason why it would not be methane.
Explanation:
Given parameters:
Volume of gas at STP = 2.0L or 2.0dm³(1L = dm³)
Mass of the gas = 1.43g
Unknown:
Molecular mass of the gas = ?
Solution
We can find the number of moles using the mole concept according to the equation below:
number of moles = ³⁻¹[tex]\frac{volume occupied(dm^{3} )}{22.4dm^{3}mol^{-1} }[/tex]
number of moles = [tex]\frac{2.0dm^{3} }{22.4dm^{3}mol^{-1} }[/tex]
number of moles = 0.089mol
Using this obtained number of moles, we can derive the molecular mass of the compound by using the relationship between mass and number of moles according to the equation below:
molecular mass = [tex]\frac{mass}{number of moles}[/tex]
molecular mass = [tex]\frac{1.43}{0.089}[/tex]
molecular mass of the gas = 15.9gmol⁻¹
The formula of methane gas is CH₄.
Let's calculate the molecular mass of methane using these atomic masses:
C = 12g and H = 1g
The molecular mass = 12 + (1x4) = 16gmol⁻¹
The gas could have been methane when we compare the two molecular masses.
Oxygen gas, O₂ also shares this same number for its molecular mass. This would be the reason why it would not be methane.
Question 10 of 10
2 Points
Which of these is a drawback of oil extraction from tar sands?
A. It removes a biological community and creates a deep, open pit.
B. It can increase the frequency of earthquakes in the local area,
C. It can be used with both surface and underground mines.
D. It impacts a much larger area and obtains less oil than drilling.
SUBMIT
Answer:D. It impacts a much larger area and obtains less oil than drilling.
Explanation:
Oil extraction from tar sands is environmentally detrimental as it removes biological communities, creates large open pits, and yields less oil for a greater impacted area compared to traditional drilling.
Explanation:The drawback of oil extraction from tar sands is that it has significant environmental impacts. Unlike traditional oil drilling, which typically occurs in more discrete locations, tar sands require surface mining, which involves removing large areas of land, including any biological communities that reside in that area. This process creates a deep, open pit. Additionally, the process impacts a much larger area while yielding a relatively smaller amount of oil compared to conventional drilling methods. One of the environmental impacts includes the release of carbon dioxide, methane, and other air pollutants that contribute to atmospheric deterioration and climate change.
Can someone help me .
Answer:
Q6. scientists can monitor volcanoes to estimate when they are likely to erupt. Scientists can use a variety of techniques to do this, such as: seismometers - used to measure earthquakes occurring near an eruption. tiltmeters and GPS satellites – these devices monitor any changes in landscape. These signs may include very small earthquakes beneath the volcano, slight inflation, or swelling, of the volcano and increased emission of heat and gas from vents on the volcano,
Q7 They may need to move or they may need to evacute because when a volcano erupts it kills people and animals and burns every thing in its way. one way a volcano can kill someone is the thick ash clouds which make it hard to see and survive through.
Explanation:
Which of the following accurately describes rill erosion?
A. Fast-moving water from heavy rainfall forms deep channels.
B. A raindrop hits the ground and displaces the surrounding soil.
C. Runoff from heavy rainfall forms narrow, shallow channels.
D. Runoff removes soil and loose sediment in thin layers
Answer:
C. Runoff from heavy rainfall forms narrow, shallow channels.
Explanation:
Erosion is the gradual washing away of the top layer of the soil or earth on which plant grows. There are three main types of erosion which are:
1. Sheet erosion
2. Gully erosion
3. Rill erosion
Rill erosion occurs when a soil layer is gradually being washed away by narrow stream channels called streamlets on the surface. After a heavy downpour, the streamlets facilitates the movement of water on the ground surface and in turn, earth materials are worn away.
When these streamlets becomes deeper, they form gullies. Gullies results into gully erosion.
When runoff removes soil and loose sediment in thin layers it is called sheet erosion.
12.
Which of the following is the name given to the pairs of valence electrons that do not participate in bonding in diatomic oxygen molecules?
Final answer:
The pairs of valence electrons in diatomic oxygen molecules that do not participate in bonding are called lone pairs or unshared pairs (option D). These pairs are significant as they influence the molecule's shape and properties.
Explanation:
The name given to the pairs of valence electrons that do not participate in bonding in diatomic oxygen molecules is lone pair. These are also referred to as non-bonding electron pairs or an unshared pair (option D). In diatomic oxygen (O₂), each oxygen atom has six valence electrons. When two oxygen atoms form a molecule, they share two pairs of electrons, creating a double covalent bond. However, not all of the oxygen atom's electrons are involved in this bond; the remaining four electrons on each oxygen atom form two lone pairs.
The lone pairs are the electron pairs that reside in the outermost shell of the atom (valence shell) but are not shared or bonded with other atoms. These unshared electron pairs are responsible for the molecule's shape and properties, even though they do not participate directly in the bond formation with another atom.
how can you change the rate of solubility in solute
Raising the temperature and change the pressure.
who named earth if no one knew what earth was?
WOW! I never thought of that.... Is this a question on the test?
is a process of reacting an acid with a base until an equivalence point is reached
Calorimetry
Distillation
Titration
Buretting
It’s TITRATION DJDKSKDKXKDKDKKD please name me brainest
What happens to the molar volume when the temperature increases
Answer:
The molar volume increases
Explanation:
By the Law of Charles-Gay Lussac (for ideal gases) which can be applied to a real gas, we can say that when a fixed mass of gas is heated, at constant pressure, its volume increases.
Law of Charles-Gay Lussac says:
V(Volume)= K(proporcionality constant)* T(Temperature)
or
Initial Volume/Inicial Temperature=Final Volume/Final Temperature
You can calculate the Final Volume.
This is because the temperature increases the energy of the molecules and also their speed, therefore the volume increases.
For example, if two moles of a gas have a constant pressure, as their temperature increases, their volume will also do so.
Is hot dog relish homogeneous or heterogeneous
heterogenous, because it's a mix
Hot dog relish is a heterogeneous mixture because its composition is not uniform throughout. It contains visible differences in its components, such as pieces of vegetables like cucumber, onion, and peppers that are distributed unevenly in the relish.
Explanation:A hot dog relish is a heterogeneous mixture because its composition is not uniform throughout. Heterogeneous mixtures are characterized by having visible differences in their components. For example, hot dog relish contains small pieces of vegetables like cucumber, onion, and peppers that are distributed unevenly in the relish. You can visually identify the different components present in a hot dog relish, making it a heterogeneous mixture.
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5,6-dimethyl-2-octyne
5,6-dimethyl-2-octyne is an organic compound with eight carbon atoms in the longest chain, a triple bond starting on the second carbon, and methyl groups attached to the fifth and sixth carbons.
Explanation:The subject of the question, 5,6-dimethyl-2-octyne, is a compound in organic chemistry. It is a type of Alkyne, a hydrocarbon with a carbon-carbon triple bond. In this case, 'octyne' tells us there are eight carbon atoms in the longest chain, with the triple bond starting at the second carbon. '5,6-dimethyl' tells us that there are methyl groups (-CH3) attached to the fifth and sixth carbons in the chain.
For comparison, consider 4-fluoro-4-methyl-1-octyne from your reference. '4-fluoro-4-methyl' indicates there is a methyl group and a fluorine atom on the 4th carbon, and '1-octyne' specifies there are eight carbons and the triple bond starts at the first carbon.
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How many grams are in 98 L of o2 at stp
Answer:
139.9 g ≅ 140.0 g.
Explanation:
We can use the general law of ideal gas: PV = nRT.where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm (P = 1.0 atm, standard P).
V is the volume of the gas in L (V = 98.0 L).
n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol (n = ??? mol).
R is the general gas constant (R = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K),
T is the temperature of the gas in K (T = 273 K, standard T).
∴ n = PV/RT = (1.0 atm)((98.0 L)/(0.0821 L.atm/mol.K)(273 K) = 4.37 mol.
To find the grams of O₂, we can use the relation:n = mass/molar mass.
∴ mass of O₂ = (n)*(molar mass) = (4.37 mol)(32.0 g/mol) = 139.9 g ≅ 140.0 g.
Which of the following is not true of chemical changes? (2 points)
Flammability and decomposition are examples of chemical changes.
Chemical changes involve a rearrangement of atoms to form new substances.
Chemical changes can often be identified by the formation of a gas or a solid or the release of heat.
Nothing is altered at the molecular level during a chemical change.
A chemical change means that a new substance was formed. Different from what it was before the change took place.
Flammability and decomposition are examples of chemical changes. <<<This is chemical change. An example can be seen in fruit. When a cut apple stays to long in the open it turns brown. This is because it is oxidized. Even if the apple tastes the same on the molecular level it has changed
Chemical changes involve a rearrangement of atoms to form new substances. <<< It states even in the definition of chemical change that a new substance has to be formed
Chemical changes can often be identified by the formation of a gas or a solid or the release of heat. <<< In a chemical change something extra may be created. This is different from an ice cub melting (which would be physical change). Although it goes from solid to liquid it is still water, and there is no extra product
Nothing is altered at the molecular level during a chemical change. <<<This is false
Hope this helped!
Need help on this ASAP !!!!
Answer:
2Na + I₂ → 2NaI. "Synthesis reaction"
Explanation:
To balance the equation, you should apply the law of conservation of mass for the equations.The law of conservation of mass states that the no. of each atom is equal in both sides (reactants and products).
The balanced equation is:
2Na + I₂ → 2NaI.
It is a synthesis reaction that 2 reactants give 1 product.
That 2.0 mole of Na combined with 1.0 mole of I₂ to produce 2.0 moles of NaI.
The no. of all atoms is the same in both of reactants and products side.
Na (2), and I (2).
When scientists are ready to publish the results of their experimentation, why is it important for them to inclue a description of the procedures they used?
A. To be accepted by other scientists, results of the experiment myust be published in journals that require decriptions of procedunes.
B. To qualify for publication, scientists are required to submit lists of materials and procedures.
C. To be vaid, experiments must be able to repeated by other scientists
it would be bbbbbbbbbbbbb
Answer: B. To qualify for publication, scientists are required to submit lists of materials and procedures.
Explanation:
Scientist publish their research reports, articles in journals, magazines and other authentic areas associated with the data of the scientific community. To satisfy the need of the publication the scientists are required to submit the entire research procedure which includes the materials and protocol used to conduct the research. This process will help the other scientists to conduct the same research and this will help them to make a contradiction or acceptance of the published research based upon the similarities and differences in the results of research.
What implications need to be considered when creating environmental policies?
Check all that apply.
How much will it cost?
How will it affect the environment?
How will it affect people?
Is the benefit worth the cost?
How will it reduce tourist activity?
Answer:
How will it affect the environment? Is its benefit worth the cost?
Explanation:
when creating environmental policies you should always look into if it is worth it or not and how it will affect the environment
Answer:
It is A,B,C and D
Explanation:
I just took the test
The reactions listed below are either chemical reactions or nuclear reactions. Which are nuclear reactions? Check all that apply.
It is seen that in first and third ones elements are not changed but only their chemical arrangements are changed. both are chemical reactions.
In the second and last one elements are changed after the reaction and as we know non chemical reactions are not capable of doing that so they are nuclear reactions.
There are other ways to tell like checking number of neutrons as well but in this simple case I don't think it is necessary to check those.
Good luck!
Answer:
B and D
Explanation:
Option A is incorrect as it is a neutralization reaction. Option C is incorrect as it an oxidation reaction, the rusting of iron to form iron oxide.
Option B and D are nuclear reactions called alpha decay.
In an alpha decay, a helium atom is released, and the daughter nucleus formed has atomic number 2 less than the parent nucleus and mass number 4 less than the parent nucleus.
Why was the concern over global cooling replaced with a concern over global warming? a. The science community needed a cause to frighten the general population. b. Steady surface temperature increases were noted between the 1970’s and 90’s. c. Air pollution only became a concern in the 1980’s. d. Scientists observed severe ocean acidification.
Answer:
b. Steady surface temperature increases were noted between the 1970’s and 90’s.
Explanation:
It was the notable observation of steady rise in surface temperature on earth around the 1970’s that brought the issue of climate change into limelight.
One of the effect of climate change is that it causes global warming. Global warming is attributed to greenhouse gases which traps heat on the earth surface and causes the surface to warm. This can lead to melting of polar ice and an increase in water volume in oceans.
Answer:
b. Steady surface temperature increases were noted between the 1970’s and 90’s.
Explanation:
In the image, two circles are centered at A. The circle containing B was dilated to produce the circle containing B′. What is the scale factor of the dilation?
The scale factor of a dilation is determined by comparing measurements of an original figure and its dilation. In the case of two-dimensional figures like circles, one common approach is to compare corresponding lengths or distances in both figures. In this case, without specific numerical measurements, we can't provide a concrete numerical value for the scale factor.
In order to find the scale factor of the dilation, it's important to understand what a dilation is first. In maths, when we are working with geometry, a dilation takes a figure and scales it larger or smaller. The scale factor is the measure by which the original figure is stretched or shrunk.
We calculate the scale factor by comparing the measurements of an original figure and its dilation. For two-dimensional figures, if we compare corresponding lengths in the pre-image and image, we can determine the scale factor. However, in this question, we aren't given specific numbers. If we assume the distance from A to B is r and from A to B' is r', the scale factor would then be r'/r.
In the special case of circles, a dilation centered at the center of the circle will create a similar circle with a scale factor equal to the ratio of their radii or, equivalently, to the square root of the ratio of their areas. If we had actual numeric values for those lengths or areas, we could provide a definite number for the scale factor.
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What is the formula for the compound barium hydroxide pentahydrate?
Answer: Ba(OH)2.5H20
Explanation:
The salt is a hygroscopic and contains 5 moles (penta) of water attached to it, hence the ".5H2O".
Yes, blue copper sulfate pentahydrate can be ground and used as a pigment for making paint. Copper sulfate pentahydrate is a compound that contains copper, sulfur, and oxygen. When ground into a fine powder, it can create a blue pigment that is commonly used in paint.
The reason why copper sulfate pentahydrate can be used as a pigment is because of its chemical properties. Copper sulfate pentahydrate has a vibrant blue color due to the presence of copper ions. These ions absorb certain wavelengths of light, reflecting only the blue color. When mixed with a binder, such as a resin or oil, the ground copper sulfate pentahydrate can be easily applied to a surface to create a blue hue.
However, it's important to note that copper sulfate pentahydrate can be toxic if ingested or inhaled, so precautions should be taken when handling and using it. It is always recommended to follow safety guidelines and use appropriate protective equipment when working with any potentially hazardous materials.
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What is the net charge of an ion that has 11 protons, 10 electrons, and 12 neutrons?
Answer:
+1
Explanation:
To calculate the charge on an ion, we simply use the number of protons and electrons. Protons are the positively charged subatomic particles. The electrons are the negatively charged particles in an atom.
When the number of protons are greater than that of electrons, the ion is positively charged.
When the number of protons are lesser than that of electrons, the ion is negatively charged.
When the number of protons and electrons are equal, the ion is neutral.
Charge = Protons - Electrons = 11 - 10 = +1
The net charge of an ion that has 11 protons, 10 electrons, and 12 neutrons is +1
Protons and electrons are used to determine the net charge on an ion. Protons are positively charged while electrons are negatively charged.
The net charge on an ion is the difference between the number of protons to the number of electrons.
The net charge of an ion = number of protons - number of electrons
The net charge of an ion = 11 - 10 = +1
Hence the net charge of an ion that has 11 protons, 10 electrons, and 12 neutrons is +1
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when 1.0g of diethyl ether is converted to vapor at its boiling point, about how much heat is absorbed? (C4H10O, Hvap= 15.7kj/mol, boiling point:34.6°C)
A) 2 J
B) 2 kj
C) 0.2 J
D) 0.2 kj
(Please show how you got the answer.)
Answer:
Option D = 0.2 Kj
Explanation:
Given data:
Mass of diethyl ether = 1.0 g
Hvap = 15.7 Kj / mol
Heat absorbed = ?
Solution:
Q = mass × Hvap / molar mass
Q = 1.0 g × 15.7 Kj / mol / 74.12 g/mol
Q = 15.7 Kj / 74.12
Q = 0.212 KJ
Answer:
its A)
Explanation:
The specific heat of carbon is 0.71 j/(g C) how much energy is given off as a 2 gram piece of graphite cools from 120 to 20 C
Answer:
-142 joules ( or -100 joules when accounting for significant figures)
Explanation:
q = m c delta T
q = (.71)(2)(20 - 120)
q = (.71)(2)(-100)
q = -142 joules
The specific heat of carbon is 0.71 J/g.°C then the amount of energy which is given off as a 2 gram piece of graphite cools from 120°C to 20°C is -142 Joules.
How do we calculate the absorbed heat?Amount of absorbed heat by any substance will be calculated by using the below equation:
Q = mcΔT, where
m = mass of graphite = 2gc = specific heat of graphite = 0.71 J/g. degree CΔT = change in temperature = 20 - 120 = -100 degree COn putting all these values, we get
Q = (2)(0.71)(-100) = -142 J
Hence, -142 Joules is the value of given off energy.
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which of these is the most accurate description of the job of an art conservationist?
Answer:
Preserve paintings and different works of art
We have that for the Question "Which of these is the most accurate description of the job of an art conservationist?" it can be said that The option bearing the description "An art conservationist is a Person who's profession is to persevere art works for as much time as possible as it gains value over time just like wine" is the best description of the job of an art conservationist?
From the question we are told
Which of these is the most accurate description of the job of an art conservationist?
Generally
An art conservationist is a Person who's profession is to persevere art works for as much time as possible as it gains value over time just like wine
Therefore
The option bearing the description "An art conservationist is a Person who's profession is to persevere art works for as much time as possible as it gains value over time just like wine" is the best description of the job of an art conservationist?
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Which are true of meiosis but not mitosis? Check all that apply.A It generates genetically different cells.B It generates haploid cells.C It involves prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.D It involves two rounds of nuclear division.E It begins with a diploid cell.
Answer:
(A). It generates genetically different cells.
(B). It generates haploid cells.
(D). It involves two rounds of nuclear division.
Explanation:
Meiosis and mitosis are two types of cell division. Both meiosis and mitotic include four phases, which are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Mitosis takes place in somatic cells, during which two daughter cells with identical genetic composition as present in parent cell. Mitosis involves one round of nuclear division.
On the other hand, meiosis takes in germ cell, during which four daughter cells with different genetic composition as present in parent cell. It leads to formation of four haploid cells from a diploid parent cell. Meiosis involves two rounds of nuclear division to form haploid cells.
Thus, the correct options are option (A), (B), and (D).
Answer: A It involves two rounds of nuclear division.
It generates haploid cells.
It generates genetically different cells.
Explanation:
How many milliliters of a 1.25 molar hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution would be needed to react completely with 60.0 grams of calcium metal? (2 points)
Ca (s) + 2HCl (aq)yields CaCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
Answer:
2400 mL
Explanation:
[tex]Ca + 2HCl \implies CaCl_2 + H_2[/tex]
According to this equation, the stoichiometric ratio between [tex]Ca[/tex] and [tex]HCl[/tex] for the complete reaction is 1:2.
We know that the number of moles of [tex]Ca[/tex] can be calculated using the mole formula. (number of moles = mass / molar mass)
Moles of Calcium = [tex]\frac{60}{40}[/tex] = 1.5 mol
So the moles of [tex]HCl[/tex] = [tex]1.5 \times 2[/tex] = 3.0 mol
Volume of HCl solution = Moles of HCl/ concentration of HCl
Volume of HCl solution = [tex]\frac{3}{1.25}[/tex] = 2400 mL
Katrina inserts a key into her car’s ignition. She turns the key, putting her car into ignition mode. In this mode, some energy is used to increase the temperature of the car’s fuel. This energy allows the fuel to combust and the car to move. What’s this energy called?
Answer:
Activation energy
Explanation:
The energy is used to increase the kinetic energy of the molecules to a rate where they can cause successful collisions during the reaction process.
Any reacting particles must be at a certain temperature to cause a successful reaction.
An element has atomic number 10 and an atomic mass of 20. How many neutrons are in the atom of this element?
A.
10
B.
20
C.
30
D.
0
E.
200
The answer is A. 10.
Answer:
10
Explanation:
A balloon filled with air has volume of 4.24 liters at 23.00°c if the balloon is cooked at constant pressure to 5.00°c what is it’s new volume? The balloons volume at 5°c is _____ liters
Answer: pV = nRT , or V = \frac{nRT}{p} , with p - pressure, V - volume, n - amount of substance, T - temperature in K.
Then: \frac{V_2}{V_1} = \frac{n_2RT_2p_1}{p_2n_1RT_1}
n_2 = n_1 , p_2 = p_1
V_2 = V_1 \cdot \frac{T_2}{T_1} = 4.24 \frac {(273.00+5.00)}{(273.00+23.00)}=3.98 l Explanation
The new volume is calculated using the Charles law formula
that is V1/ T1 = V2/T2 where,
V1 = 4.24 l
T1= 23c into kelvin = 23 +273 =296 K
T2 = 5.00 c into kelvin = 5.00 + 273 = 278 K
V2 = ?
by making V2 subject the subject of the formula by multiplying both side by T2
V2 = V1 xT2/ T1
V2 = (4.24 L x 278 K) / 296 k =3.98 L
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Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
They need to receive commands from Earth and send the data they collect back to Earth. ... These radio dishes also receive the information sent to Earth by the spacecraft. NASA spacecraft operating well out of Earth's orbit use the Deep Space Network (DSN).