A woman at 41 weeks' gestation is progressing well in labor; however, the nurse notes the amniotic fluid is greenish in color. when questioned by the client for the reason for this, which explanation should the nurse provide?
The nurse should approach the client in a calm way and to explain the greenish amniotic fluid to prevent the woman from being stressed out or to cause an outbreak, the nurse should explain that the greenish amniotic fluid was mostly likely because of a presence of late decelerations in which is indicative of a presence of fetal distress. It is likely because there is a presence of blood flow that is poor or the fetus is has been experiencing poor nourishment or oxygen in which it needs to survive in the mother’s womb and the green fluid was also because of the meconium.
When preparing for the discharge of a newborn after surgery to correct tracheoesophageal fistula (tef), the nurse teaches the parents about the need for long-term health care because their child has a high probability of developing which complication?
How are the complex sugar molecules broken apart?
Final answer:
Complex sugar molecules like disaccharides are enzymatically broken down into simpler monosaccharides through digestion, starting in the mouth and concluding in the small intestine. Enzymes such as maltase, sucrase, and lactase play key roles in this process, enabling the absorption and utilization of these sugars for energy production in the body.
Explanation:
Complex sugar molecules, such as disaccharides, are broken apart in the body through a series of enzymatic reactions. Disaccharides like sucrose, lactose, and maltose are broken down into their constituent monosaccharides, which are simpler sugar units.
This process begins in the mouth where salivary amylase starts the breakdown of starches into smaller molecules. The digestion continues in the duodenum where specific enzymes, such as maltase, sucrase, and lactase, further break down disaccharides into monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, and galactose. These monosaccharides are then absorbed into the bloodstream through the epithelium of the small intestine and used in metabolic pathways to produce energy.
For example, sucrose is broken down to glucose and fructose, a process that requires the addition of a water molecule in a hydrolysis reaction. Glucose can directly enter the glycolytic pathway, while fructose and galactose may undergo slight modifications before they can be utilized in glycolysis. This breakdown ensures that sugars are in a form that can be readily absorbed and used by the body's cells to generate energy.