Which species in each pair is a better oxidizing agent under standard-state conditions? (a) br2 au3+ (b) h2 ag+ (c) cd2+ cr3+ (d) o2 in acidic media o2 in basic media?

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The equilibrium expression is

[products]/[reactants] and each is raised to its molar coefficient.

So:

[H2}^2[O2]/[H2O]^2

Answer:

two meters below the surface

Explanation:

In a swimming pool, the greatest fluid pressure will be two meters below the surface. Fluid pressure increases with depth, as such the deeper we go the higher the pressure do the increase in the water column above  

Answer:

Chemical change

Explanation:

Chemical changes occur through chemical reactions. In a chemical reactions, reactants combines together and gives new products.  Chemical change is a kind of change in which new products are formed as a result of different bond combinations. They are often associated with the evolution and use of energy.

Chemical changes are not easily reversible and they require a considerable amount of energy. Examples of chemical changes are combustion, rusting of iron, precipitation e.t.c.

Answer : A real gas behave ideally at high temperature and low pressure condition.

Explanation :

The conditions for ideal gas are :

Ideal gas are those gas that has no intermolecular attractions.

Ideal gas are those gas that have negligible volume.

The ideal gas equation is,

[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]

The conditions for real gas are :

Real gas are those gas that have intermolecular attractions.

Real gas are those gas that have volume.

The real gas equation is,

[tex](P+\frac{an^2}{V^2})(V-nb)=nRT[/tex]

Thus, A real gas behave ideally at high temperature and low pressure condition.

Lactic acid fermentation occurs in human muscle cells.

In human muscle cells, lactic acid fermentation This typically happens when there is an insufficient oxygen supply, particularly during high-intensity activities causing muscle fatigue. The process involves a chemical reaction where pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid, with the help of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase.

The type of fermentation that occurs in human muscle cells is lactic acid fermentation. This process typically happens when there's an insufficient oxygen supply, particularly during strenuous physical activities leading to muscle fatigue. The chemical reaction of lactic acid fermentation is Pyruvic acid + NADH ↔ lactic acid + NAD+, catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase.

When oxygen is present, pyruvic acid is used in aerobic respiration. In the absence of oxygen, it is converted into lactic acid via lactic acid fermentation. This conversion recycles the enzyme NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue and facilitate high-intensity energy output in short bursts. Lactic acid produced must be removed from the muscles through blood circulation and transported to the liver for further metabolism.

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Answer:

The functional groups

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

Inertiness of the noble gases refers to their lack of reactivity, i.e. the stability provided by a full valence electron shell.

The noble gases are He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rd, and, the most recently discovered, Og.

They are located in the last column (18) of the periodic table.

Then, when you do the electron configuration of the noble gases, you find they have the outermost prinicpal energy level full. These are their electron configurations using the abbreviated form:

Being their valence orbitals full, these elements will not be very likely to exchange or share electrons, which is the reason of their inertness.

This does not mean that they do not react at all. Xe and F (the most reactive nonmetal) form some compounds.

The inertness of noble gases is due to their full outer electron shells, resulting in high ionization energies and low electron affinities which make them resistant to forming chemical bonds.

The inertness of the noble gases is fundamentally due to their electronic configuration. Noble gases like helium, neon, argon, etc., all have their outer shell completely filled, usually achieving what is known as a full octet for elements beyond helium. This stable configuration of ns²p⁶ (where 'n' is the principal quantum number) in the valence shell means that they have high ionization energies, making it very difficult for these atoms to lose an electron. Similarly, their electron affinity is very low, as any gained electron would have to enter a higher energy level, making the binding of an extra electron quite weak. Consequently, noble gases are resistant to forming chemical bonds and are unreactive under normal conditions, aside from heavier noble gases like xenon that can form compounds under specific, high-energy conditions.

Answer:

D

Explanation:

A catalyst functions to speed up chemical reaction. It does this by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to begin by providing an alternative pathway for the substrates to interact with each.

The pathway ABD involves a reaction that requires a higher activation energy as compared to reaction following the pathway ACD as seen in the diagram.

So it means that a catalyst must be mediating the reaction with the lower activation energy. -pathway ACD, and this reaction will proceed faster than the reaction following the pathway ABD.

Hence option D is the only valid and correct option.

Answer:

Fluorine > Selenium > Arsenic > Potassium > Argon

Explanation:

Electron affinity describes the ability or readiness or tendency of an atom to gain an electron.

The higher the value, the higher the tendency. Electron affinity depends on the on the nuclear charge and atomic radius. When nuclear charge is more, electron affinity is high, when atomic radius increases electron affinity reduces.

Noble gases such as Helium, Neon, and Argon would have 0 affinity for electrons because of their stable electronic configuration. From the list, Ar is the least in terms of electron affinity.

Potassium is a metal with large electropositivity which describes the tendency of an atom to lose electrons. Potassium would readily lose electrons instead of gaining.

Between Arsenic and Selenium: Arsenic belongs to group V and Selenium group VI. The two elements both belong to period IV on the periodic table. Across a period, electron affinity increases due to increase in nuclear charge. Therefore, Selenium would have a greater electron affinity compared to Arsenic.

Fluorine has the highest electron affinity of all. It needs just an electron to complete its octet.

The ordering from highest to lowest electron affinity among Fluorine, Selenium, Arsenic, Potassium, and Argon is likely Fluorine > Selenium > Arsenic > Argon > Potassium. This ranking considers each element's tendency and willingness to accept an additional electron to form a negative ion.

The question asks to rank Fluorine, Selenium, Arsenic, Potassium, and Argon by electron affinity. Electron affinity refers to how readily an atom accepts an additional electron to form a negatively charged ion, with a more negative EA value indicating greater attraction for the incoming electron.

Starting with Fluorine, with an electron affinity (EA) of -322 kJ/mol, which has a high electron affinity due to its atomic number (nine) and seven electrons in its valence shell, making it highly likely to bond with other atoms. However, its small valence shell size (n = 2) causes significant repulsion with other electrons already present.

Next is Argon, a noble gas that generally exhibits low electron affinities due to fully-filled valence orbitals, meaning they don't tend to attract additional electrons. Potassium and other alkali metals traditionally have very low (positive or close to zero) electron affinities since they prefer to lose an electron to achieve a stable electron configuration.

Lastly, nonmetals like Selenium and Arsenic, usually have higher electron affinities since they're more likely to gain an electron to complete their valence shells. Based on the trends in the periodic table, the rank from highest electron affinity to lowest would most likely be: Fluorine > Selenium > Arsenic > Argon > Potassium.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Suspensions are heterogenous mixtures where particles settle when times passes.

The partilces in suspensions are not dissolved (solvated by a solvent). The mixtures where the particles are dissolved are solutions. Then, solutions and supensions are different in that the former have the particles solvated and the latter not.

The particles in a solution are molecules or ions. Such solvated particles in a solution are very small; in comparison,the particles on a suspension are larger. Then, the weight of the particles in a suspension makes that they separate from the liquid and settle down.

Final answer:

A mixture is a suspension if it has a cloudy appearance and the particles settle out over time, a process known as sedimentation. Unlike solutions, suspensions are heterogeneous and the suspended particles are often visible and can be filtered out.

Explanation:

To determine if a mixture is a suspension, you could look for a few key characteristics. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures which means they are composed of different substances that remain separate upon standing. One clear indication that a mixture is a suspension is that you will notice the suspended particles settling out of the mixture over time. This process is known as sedimentation. Suspensions also appear cloudy due to the presence of large particles that are often visible to the eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass.

By contrast, a solution is a homogeneous mixture where the dissolved species do not settle out but remain evenly distributed. A common example of a suspension that can be observed in everyday life is muddy water. When left undisturbed, the mud particles, which are suspended in the water, will settle to the bottom, leaving clearer water above the sediment. Similarly, in mixtures like flour and water, after mixing and then allowing it to stand, the flour will gradually settle to the bottom of the container.

It's important to note that mixtures like milk of magnesia are also suspensions. Instructions often require shaking of the container before use to ensure that the settled particles are evenly redistributed throughout the liquid.

To sum up, the consequential settling of particles and the cloudy appearance are definitive indicators that a mixture is a suspension and not a solution or colloid.

Answer:

The answer is A.

Explanation:

The force exerted by the car is more than the force exerted by the snowball.

Answer:

In the given case, the force applied by the car is equivalent to the force applied by the snowball. According to Newton's third law of motion, when an object employs a force on the other object, then the other object applies an equivalent and opposite force on the first object, and the law also considers that the two forces are also similar in magnitude and are opposing in direction.  

In the mentioned question, it is considered that the force is applied by the snowball on the car, thus, it can be termed as the action force. Thus, the force employed by the car on the snowball is the reaction, and according to Newton's third law, the two forces are similar in magnitude, and thus, the force applied by the car is equivalent to the force applied by the snowball.  

Answer:

B.) More intensely

Explanation:

If you immerse a lightstick in hot water, the chemical reaction will speed up. The stick will glow much more brightly but will wear out faster too.

Answer: Option ' B ' is correct.

Explanation:

When we drop a light stick into hot water , it glow more intensely.

Because in warm water, chemical reaction may occur faster as compare to in cold water.

Chemical reaction in hot water is faster due to which light stick glow much brighter.

To make the light stick last longer, chemical reaction needed to be slower for that it must be kept in freezer or in colder place.

Hence, Option 'B' is correct.

Answer:

RNA

Explanation:

DNA would not contain Uracil

Enzyme is different

Amino acids would be made up of codons

Answer:

Explanation:

Since the living organisms stop the metabolic processes when dye, the age of the fossil is equal to the time the carbon-14 isotope (C-14) has been decaying.

Since the hal-life of the radioisotopes, such as carbon-14, is constant, you know that the amount of carbon-14 remaining reduces to half each time a half-life passes, i.e:

Now, knowing that 70% or 0.7 parts are remaining you can set the equation:

Which means that 0.5156 half-life has elapses, since the fossil started forming.

Since one half-life is 5730 years, the age of the fossil is 0.5156 × 5730 years = 2,948 years, which should be rounded to three signficant figures: 2,950 years.

In an iron-silver galvanic cell, the half-cell reaction at the anode involves solid iron (Fe) being oxidized to iron ions (Fe2+) in aqueous solution while releasing two electrons.

In a galvanic cell, specifically the iron(Fe)-silver(Ag) voltanic cell, oxidation occurs at the anode. Considering the redox pair of Fe/Fe2+ and Ag/Ag+, at the anode, the half-cell reaction would be iron getting oxidized from its solid state to an ion in aqueous solution, with the release of 2 electrons. The reaction that takes place at the anode is represented as: Fe(s) -> Fe2+(aq) + 2e-

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In the half-cell reaction at the anode of an iron-silver voltaic cell, the iron atom in the solid state undergoes oxidation, losing two electrons to transform into an iron(II) cation in an aqueous solution. This is represented by the equation: Fe(s) -> Fe2+(aq) + 2e-.

In an iron-silver voltaic cell, the iron atom which is in the solid state, undergoes oxidation at the anode. This is referred to as the anode half-cell reaction. The iron atom loses electrons and is transformed into iron(II) cation in aqueous solution. This process can be represented by the following chemical equation:

Fe(s) -> Fe2+(aq) + 2e-

Here, Fe(s) represents iron in its solid state, Fe2+(aq) represents the iron (II) cation in aqueous solution and e- indicates the electrons lost during the oxidation reaction.

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A teaspoon of caffeine is NOT deadly as teaspoon of ricin                                                                                                            

Answer:

False.

Explanation:

Powdered caffeine is not as deadly as ricin. Ricin is one of the most highly potent toxins in the world. A teaspoon of purified ricin powder can kill an adult human.

Powdered caffeine, on the other hand, is not as dangerous but it still being more dangerous than drinking a cup of coffee. Because a teaspoon of powdered caffeine is like drinking 28 cups of coffee. It is said than 2 teaspoons are able to kill a human.

I hope this answer helps you.

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, _{82}^{206}\text{Pb} + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}}[/tex]

Explanation:

The unbalanced nuclear equation is

[tex]_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, ? + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}[/tex]

It is convenient to replace the question mark by an atomic symbol, [tex]_{x}^{y}\text{Z}[/tex], where x = the atomic number, y = the mass number, and Z = the symbol of the element .

Then your equation becomes

[tex]_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, _{x}^{y}\text{Z} + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}[/tex]

The main point to remember in balancing nuclear equations is that **the sums of the superscripts and the subscripts must be the same on each side of the equation**.  

Then

84 = x + 2, so x = 84 - 2 = 82

210 = y + 4, so y = 206

Element 82 is lead, so the nuclear equation becomes

[tex]\boxed{_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, _{82}^{206}\text{Pb} + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}}[/tex]

When 210Po undergoes alpha decay it emits an alpha particle (2 protons and 2 neutrons). As a result its atomic number decreases by 2 and mass number decreases by 4 transforming it into the element Lead (Pb).

When an atom of 210Po undergoes alpha decay, it emits an alpha particle, which consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. This results in a reduction of the atomic number by 2 and the mass number by 4. The atomic number specifies the identity of an element, so when 210Po (Polonium with atomic number 84) loses 2 protons the resulting atomic number is 82, which corresponds to the element Lead (Pb). Hence after the emission of an alpha particle from a 210Po atom, the resulting element is lead (Pb).

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Answer:

spectator ions

Explanation:

Ions that are present before and after a neutralization reaction are known as spectator ions.

Spectator ions, such as Ca²+ (aq) and NO3⁻ (aq), do not take part in chemical reactions and remain unchanged before and after the reaction. They are essential for maintaining charge neutrality but can be omitted in net ionic equations.

Ions that are present before and after a neutralization reaction are known as spectator ions. These ions, such as Ca²+ (aq) and NO3⁻ (aq) in a given equation, do not take part in the chemical reaction and remain in solution unchanged. Spectator ions are essential for maintaining charge neutrality but are not involved in the formation of the products of the reaction. In writing net ionic equations, spectator ions can be omitted to simplify the representation of the reaction.

Answer:

Explanation:

1) Data:

a) m = 1.25 × 10² g

b) V = 51 ml

d) density = ?

2) Principles and formulae:

Density is a concentration unit that tells the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume.

Where d is the density of the substance, m is the mass, and V is the volume.

3) Solution:

a) Substitute the data into the equation:

b) Use the correct number of significant digits: 2.45 g/ml must be rounded to two signficant figures, i.e. to 2.5 g/ml, since the volume was given with two significant digits.

It will generate water and kind of salt ,such as:

HCl+NaOH==>NaCl+H2O

Answer:

Decomposition because it's one substance that gets broken down into two separate substances

Explanation:

Answer:

A decomposition reaction.

Explanation:

NH4NO3 ====> N2O + 2H2O

This is an example of a decomposition reaction. We know this because one reactant decomposes into many products. There are several examples of this type of reaction where heat, usually, is used to break down a chemical substance to simpler chemical substances.

Answer:

The nuclear equation that represents the fusion of two H-2 atoms to form He-3 and one neutron is:

Explanation:

In a nuclear reaction the nuclides are represented with the chemical symbol preceded by a superscript that represents the mass number (number of protons plus neutrons) and a subscript that represents the atomic number (number of protons).

H-2 is the isotope of hydrogen with 1 proton and 1 neutron, so it is represented as:

He-3 is the isotope of helium with 2 protons and 1 neuron, so it is represented as:

The neutron is represented as:

With that, you represent the nuclear equation for the fusion of two H-2 atoms to form He-3 and one neutron as follows:

The clue is to check the balance of both mass numbers and atomic numbers:

Answer:

C)  The most efficient fusion reactors would use heavier forms of hydrogen.

Explanation:

From the information presented to us in the question, the third sentence reveals that heavier forms of hydrogen produces larger amount of energy and most importantly reacts more efficiently when fusion occurs.

In fact, the heavy isotopes of hydrogen—deuterium and tritium—react more efficiently with each other, and, when they do undergo fusion, they yield more energy per reaction than do two hydrogen nuclei.

Answer:

Corrosion and dissolution

Explanation:

Acid rain typically can corrode metallic parts of buildings thereby weakening them. Acids can generally affect most compounds in which metals are no exceptions. We find corrugated roofing sheets becoming weaker and less durable as the rain persists. This is due to the acidity of the rain in such an environment.

Acids reacts vigorously with limestone. Limestone can be used in construction works and it is one of the key component of cements. In contact with acid rain, cemented plasters on buildings can be dissolved and rendered weak.

Marble is a metamorphic limestone. It is rich in calcium carbonate. Due to its beautiful nature, it is used in building statues and for a host of stone works. Acid rain can dissolve statues and also make them weak. This reaction defaces them.

yes because they are inert or inactive at normal temperature, they are inactive because their outer most orbit contain either 2 or 8 electrons.that make them stable

Answer:

They are called inert gases because they were thought to be completely inert—unable to form compounds.

Explanation:

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{ \text{21 mol}}[/tex]

Explanation:

(a) Balanced equation

You haven't given the complete reaction, but we can use a partial equation so long as Cl is balanced.

3Cl₂ + … ⟶ 2FeCl₃ + …

(b). Calculation

You want to convert moles of FeCl₃  to moles of Cl₂

The molar ratio is 3 mol Cl₂:2 mol FeCl₃

[tex]\text{Moles of Cl$_{2}$} =\text{14 mol FeCl$_{3}$} \times \dfrac{\text{3 mol Cl$_{2}$}}{\text{2 mol FeCl$_{3}$}} = \text{21 mol Cl$_{2}$}\\\\\text{You need }\boxed{ \textbf{21 mol of Cl$_{2}$}}\text{ to form 14 mol of FeCl$_{3}$}.[/tex]

Answer:

37.98 kPa.

Explanation:

where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm.

V is the volume of the gas in L.

n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol.

R  is the general gas constant,

T is the temperature of the gas in K.

(P₁V₁) = (P₂V₂)

P₁ = 101.3 kPa, V₁ = 1.5 L,

P₂ = ??? kPa, V₂ = 4.0 L.

(P₁V₁) = (P₂V₂)

∴ P₂ = (P₁V₁)/V₂ = (101.3 kPa)(1.5 L)/(4.0 L) = 37.98 kPa.

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{245 mL}}[/tex]

Explanation:

You are diluting the LiNO₃ solution, so you can use the dilution formula.

c₁V₁ = c₂V₂

Data:

c₁ = 5.2 mol·L⁻¹; V₁ = ?

c₂ = 1.7 mol·L⁻¹; V₂ = 750 mL

Calculations:

(a) Convert millilitres to litres

[tex]\text{750 mL} \times \dfrac{ \text{1 L}}{\text{1000 mL}} = \text{0.750 L}[/tex]

(b) Calculate the volume

5.2V₁ = 1.7 × 0.750 = 1.275

[tex]V_{1} = \dfrac{1.275}{5.2} = \text{0.245 L} = \text{245 mL}\\\\\text{You must use } \boxed{\textbf{245 mL}} \text{ of the 5.2 mol/L NaOH.}[/tex]

10 enfermedades comunes que pueden causar inmunodeficiencia secundaria