Enzymes are special proteins that act as catalysts, lowering the activation energy of biochemical reactions without changing the reaction's overall free energy profile. ATP often serves as a source of energy, while electron carriers like flavodoxin or ferredoxin may provide necessary electrons for redox reactions.
The substance needed for a biochemical reaction to occur is often a substance that acts as a catalyst, and in biological systems, these are typically enzymes. Enzymes are special proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed. They bond with reactant molecules, arranging them to facilitate the reaction without altering the reaction's overall free energy profile, thus not affecting the reaction's Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG), and therefore not changing whether a reaction is exergonic or endergonic.
In addition to enzymes, other substances might be required such as a source of energy like adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used to drive many complex biochemical reactions. Furthermore, reactions involving the reduction or oxidation of molecules may require electron carriers, like flavodoxin or ferredoxin, to provide the necessary electrons for the process.
Which of these was a characteristic of the rutherford model of the atom, but not the thomson model?
only an odd number orbitals is possible for any electron sublevel
The claim that only an odd number of orbitals is possible for any electron sublevel is incorrect. There can be both odd and even numbers of orbitals, such as 1 orbital in the s subshell and 3 in the p subshell.
The statement that 'only an odd number of orbitals is possible for any electron sublevel' is not accurate according to quantum theory and the rules for assigning electrons to orbitals. In atomic structure, orbitals are spaces where electrons are likely to be found. These orbitals come in various shapes (s, p, d, f) and each type has a specific number of orbitals that can contain electrons. According to the Pauli Exclusion Principle, an orbital can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins. Therefore, the s subshell has 1 orbital for 2 electrons, the p subshell contains 3 orbitals for up to 6 electrons, the d subshell consists of 5 orbitals for up to 10 electrons, and the f subshell has 7 orbitals for up to 14 electrons. This shows that the number of orbitals in a sublevel can be both even and odd.
For example, the electron configuration for fluorine is 1s² 2s² 2p⁵, illustrating how electrons fill into s and p orbitals. Furthermore, Hund's rules dictate that electrons are added to sublevels with every orbital singly occupied before any orbital is doubly occupied, reflecting the conservation of orbitals in quantum mechanics.
True or false: if two atoms are in the same group they have the same number of electron shells.
Hey Brainly Student! Your answer us true, SUPRISE FACT ABOUT ATOMS!!: When you think of an atom what do you think of? Problily a small circle with afew rings around it right? Well, actually an atom doesnt look like that at all!! An atom looks sort of like the Solar System, and the little rights are like the rotation the planets spin in, also the little star like balls/dots dont actually go around the atom's center, but go in many diffrent places it can be far from the atom, or can be very close! An atom is unpredictable, so there is no correct answer to where the atom's little balls/dots will end up next. I hope this helped, and also hope you liked/loved the Fun-Fact!! Your fellow Brainly user, GalaxyGamingKitty
What indicates a chemical change?
A) Change from a liquid to a gas
B) Change in the amount of material
C) Change in the type of substance present
D) Change in the texture of a substance
Final answer:
The indication of a chemical change is the transformation of one substance into another, which is represented by option C) Change in the type of substance present. It involves observable signs like temperature change, color change, light production, gas formation, and precipitate formation.
Explanation:
What indicates a chemical change is a fundamental concept in understanding reactions and transformations in chemistry. The correct answer to the student's question is C) Change in the type of substance present. This occurs when a substance is turned into another as a result of a chemical reaction. Such changes are typically hard to reverse.
Observations that help indicate a chemical change include temperature changes, light given off, unexpected color changes, formation of bubbles that aren't due to boiling, and the formation of a precipitate. A change from a liquid to a gas or a change in texture, for example, can be attributed to physical changes, which do not alter the substance's molecular composition. The student's question relates to identifying chemical changes, focusing specifically on transformations that result in new substances with different chemical properties.
The human body obtains 835 kJ of energy from a chocolate chip cookie. If this energy were used to vaporize water at 100 ∘C, how many grams of water could be vaporized? The heat of vaporization of water at 100 ∘C is 40.7 kJ/mol. Assume that the density of water is 1.0 g/mL.
Answer:
Amount of water that can be vaporized = 369 g
Explanation:
Heat content of the cookie (q) = 835 kJ
Latent heat of vaporization of water (ΔHvap) = 40.7 kJ/mol
Density of water = 1 g/ml
Calculation:
Heat content of cookie = Heat absorbed by water
q = n(ΔHvap)
n = moles of water
n = q/ΔH = 835 kJ/ 40.7 kJ/mol = 20.516 moles
Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol
Mass of water = moles * molar mass = 20.516 moles * 18 g/mol = 369.3 g
Which description below represents a hydrocarbon?
a. an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms
b. an organic compound that contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms
c. an organic compound that contains fewer than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms
d. a group of compounds in which there is a constant increment of change in molecular structure from one compound in the series to the next?
In the experiment involving hydrated copper sulfate, overheating causes a high calculated percent value for water. why is the high reading obtained?
Final answer:
Overheating in a hydration experiment of copper sulfate can cause decomposition of the substance, leading to an elevated calculation of water content due to additional weight loss incorrectly assumed to be water.
Explanation:
In the experiment involving hydrated copper sulfate, overheating can lead to a high calculated percent value for water because it may cause the copper sulfate to decompose further into copper oxide and sulfur dioxide, or lose additional bound water that is not part of the water of crystallisation. These additional losses are assumed to be water, resulting in an incorrect, elevated calculation of the water content. The precise weighing of starting and ending products is crucial to determine the amount of water in copper sulfate accurately.
Water solutions of ionic substances that conduct electricity are called
Calculate the average molar bond enthalpy of the carbon-hydrogen bond in a ch4 molecule.
Answer:
415.825 kJ/mol.
Explanation:
Average enthalpy = [tex]\Delta H_f(CH_4)-4\Delta H_f(H)-\Delta H_f(C)[/tex]
Now, [tex]\Delta H_f(CH_4)=-74.6 kJ/mol[/tex]
[tex]\Delta H_f(H)=218 kJ/mol[/tex]
[tex]\Delta H_f(C)=716.7 kJ/mol[/tex]
( SOURCE INTERNET)
Putting all these values above.
We get,
Average enthalpy=-1663.3 kJ.
Therefore, averagemolar bond enthalpy= [tex]\dfrac{1663.3 }{4}=415.825\ kJ/mol.[/tex]
Hence, this is the required solution.
Write a possible full set of quantum numbers for the electron gained when a bromine atom (br) becomes a bromide ion (br−).
The possible values of all quantum numbers for the electron gained by Br atom to form [tex]{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}^-}[/tex] is [tex]\boxed{n=4,\;l=1,\;{m_l}=1,\;{m_s}=-\frac{1}{2}}[/tex]
Further explanation:
Quantum numbers:
Quantum numbers govern the size, energy, shape, and orientation of an orbital. The four quantum numbers are as follows:
1. Principal Quantum Number (n): It denotes the principle electron shell. The values of n are positive integer (1, 2, 3,…).
2. Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l): It represents the shape of an orbital. The value of l is an integer from 0 to (n-1). (Refer to the table in the attached image)
3. Magnetic Quantum Number[tex]\left( {{m_l}} \right)[/tex]: This quantum number represents the orientation of the orbital in space. The value of [tex]{m_l}[/tex]lies between –l to +l. The formula to calculate the value of [tex]{m_l}[/tex] is as follows:
[tex]{m_l}=-l,(-l+1),.....,0,1,2,.....,(l-1),l[/tex]
Therefore, the total number of [tex]{m_l}[/tex] values for a given value of l is 2l+1.
4. Electron Spin Quantum Number[tex]({m_s})[/tex]: It represents the direction of the electron spin. Its value can be [tex]+ \frac{1}{2}[/tex]or[tex]- \frac{1}{2}[/tex].
The atomic number of bromine (Br) is 35 and its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[ {{\text{Ar}}} \right]\;3{d^{10}}4{s^2}4{p^5}[/tex]. When it gains an electron, it forms [tex]{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}^ - }[/tex] whose electronic configuration becomes [tex]\left[ {{\text{Ar}}} \right]\;3{d^{10}}4{s^2}4{p^6}[/tex].
The principal electron shell in [tex]{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}^ - }[/tex] is 4p. So its principal quantum number for the added electron in [tex]{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}^ - }[/tex] is 4.
The angular momentum quantum number for p orbital is 1. So the value of l for the added electron in [tex]{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}^ - }[/tex] is 1.
The value of magnetic quantum number for the electron in [tex]{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}^ - }[/tex] ranges from -1 to 1, including 0. But by convention this electron is added to [tex]{p_z}[/tex] orbital so the value of [tex]{m_l}[/tex] for the added electron in [tex]{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}^ - }[/tex] is 1.
The spin quantum number has two values, either [tex]+ \frac{1}{2}[/tex] or [tex]- \frac{1}{2}[/tex]. But the electron added in Br is the second electron being added to [tex]{p_z}[/tex] orbital so by convention, the value of [tex]{m_s}[/tex] for the added electron in [tex]{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}^-}[/tex] is [tex]{\mathbf{ - }}\frac{{\mathbf{1}}}{{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex].
The possible set of four quantum numbers for the electron gained by Br atom to form [tex]{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}^ - }[/tex] is n = 4, l = 1, [tex]{m_l} = 1[/tex] and [tex]{m_s} = - \frac{1}{2}[/tex].
Learn more:
1. Allowed values of [tex]{m_l}[/tex]: https://brainly.com/question/2920448
2. Calculation of volume of gas: https://brainly.com/question/3636135
Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Structure of the atom
Keywords: quantum numbers, Br, Br-, electron, 35, electronic configuration, n, l, ml, ms, principal quantum number, angular momentum quantum number, electron spin quantum number, magnetic quantum number, n = 4, ml=1, ms=-1/2, l=1.
When patterning a shotgun, what is a sufficient percentage of pellets within a 30-inch circle? at least 25% of the load, concentrated in the center at least 35% of the load, with even distribution at least 45% of the load, concentrated in the center at least 55% of the load, with even distribution?
When patterning a shotgun, a sufficient percentage of pellets within a 30-inch circle depends on the specific shooting requirements and preferences. However, a commonly recommended standard is to have at least 55% of the load with an even distribution within the 30-inch circle.
Having 55% of the load with an even distribution within the 30-inch circle ensures a dense and consistent pattern, increasing the chances of hitting the target effectively. It is important to note that individual shooting styles and the intended use of the shotgun may vary, so it is advisable to pattern the shotgun and adjust the load distribution accordingly for optimal performance.
Hence, at least 55% of the load, with even distribution, is prescribed.
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The hemoglobin content of blood is about 15.4 g/100ml blood. the molar mass of hemoglobin is about 64500 g/mol, and there are four iron (fe) atoms in a hemoglobin molecule. you may want to reference ( page ) section 3.1 while completing this problem. part a approximately how many fe atoms are present in the 6 l of blood in a typical adult?
The total number of iron (Fe) atoms in 6 L of blood in an adult human can be found by converting the volume of blood to the mass of hemoglobin, converting that to the moles of hemoglobin, and then considering how many Fe atoms that would be. It turns out to be approximately 3.44 x 10^23 Fe atoms.
Explanation:To approximate the number of iron (Fe) atoms in the 6 L of blood in an adult human, we must first convert the volume of blood to the mass of hemoglobin it contains. From the information provided, we know that blood contains about 15.4 g of hemoglobin per 100 ml. Therefore, in 6 L of blood, we have approximately 9240 g of hemoglobin, obtained by a simple conversion from liters to milliliters, then multiplying by the concentration of hemoglobin (15.4 g/100ml).
Next, we need to understand how many moles of hemoglobin that would be. The molar mass of hemoglobin is around 64500 g/mol. So, 9240 g of hemoglobin is about 0.143 mol.
Because there are four Fe atoms in each hemoglobin molecule, this is equivalent to 0.572 mol of Fe atoms. To calculate the actual number of Fe atoms, we multiply this by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23 mol^-1), resulting in about 3.44 x 10^23 Fe atoms.
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The alpha carbon is a chiral carbon atom, therefore, all alpha amino acids except one can exist in either of two enantiomers, called l or d amino acids, which are mirror images of each other. which amino acid id the exception
High temperatures increase reaction rates but lower rubisco selectivity for co2 versus o2. high leaf temperatures thus:
What are two things that you observed when you heated the mixture of tin and nitric acid over the Bunsen burner in the virtual lab, and why was it necessary to heat the mixture in order to determine the empirical formula?
What is the concept of galactic recycling?
If a thermometer outside your classroom indicates a temperature of 61 degrees Fahrenheit, what is the temperature in degrees Celsius
Answer:That would be 16.1 degrees Celsius
What is one characteristic of a sample of matter that indicates it is a pure substance?
A) It can be separated using by a physical means, such as filtering.
B) The components in a pure substance do not have to be in definite ratios.
C) If the composition of a sample varies, the sample is a pure substance.
D) If the composition of a sample is fixed, the sample is a pure substance.
Answer:
The answer is D) on USA Test prep
Explanation:
What is the mass number of an oxygen isotope that has nine neutrons? what is the name of this isotope?
Isotopes are the forms of same element with same atomic number but different mass number due to different number of neutrons. The name of isotope of oxygen is Oxygen-17.
What is element?Element generally consist of atoms or we can atoms combine to form element. Atoms of an element is always same, means all the properties of all atoms of one type of element is same. Different element have different types of atoms.
Oxygen-16 has atomic number 8, which means number of electron is 8 , number of proton is 8 and number of neutron is also 8. If we increase the number of neutron by 1 that is 9 then the mass number of oxygen will be increased by 1 that is 17. Now the new element is oxygen-17 which is an isotope.
Therefore, the name of isotope of oxygen is Oxygen-17.
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What components did you collect to convert your two molecules of pyruvate to acetyl-coa?
Final answer:
In biology, high school students learn about the conversion process of pyruvate into acetyl CoA for the Krebs cycle. The components involved include Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Enzyme, Acetyl CoA, and Oxaloacetate.
Explanation:
In the process of converting three-carbon pyruvate molecules into two-carbon acetyl groups for entry into the Krebs cycle, several components are involved:
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Enzyme: This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) in the mitochondrial matrix.
Acetyl CoA: The two-carbon molecule formed from the conversion of pyruvate, ready to enter the Krebs cycle.
Oxaloacetate: A four-carbon molecule in the Krebs cycle that combines with acetyl CoA to initiate the cycle by forming citrate.
Will 1 gram of sugar or 1 gram of salt dissolve more quickly which one
Why pressure increases as a gas is compressed into a smaller volume?
Which atoms in the cfc molecule can destroy thousands of ozone molecules in the upper atmosphere?
Why can't calcium hydroxide be written caoh2?
What is the correct electron configuration of an ion of calcium, ca+2?
Answer:
Argon ( Ar)
Explanation:
Which of the following animals would be found in the tropical rainforest? snake jaguar frog monkey bison
using hooke's law F spring equals K triangle X find the force needed to stretch a spring 2cm if it has an elastic constant of 3 N/cm
Data:
Hooke represented mathematically his theory with the equation:
F = K * x
On what:
F (elastic force) = ?
K (elastic constant) = 3 N/cm
x (deformation or elongation of the elastic medium) = 2cm
Solving:
[tex]F = K * x[/tex]
[tex]F = 3\:\dfrac{N}{\diagup\!\!\!\!\!\!cm}*2\:\diagup\!\!\!\!\!\!cm[/tex]
[tex]\boxed{\boxed{F = 6N}}\end{array}}\qquad\checkmark[/tex]
Answer:
C. 6 N
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The force needed to stretch the spring 2 cm is 6 N.
Hooke's Law states that the force exerted by a spring is directly proportional to the displacement from its equilibrium position, and this force is expressed as [tex]\( F = k \Delta x \),[/tex] where [tex]\( F \)[/tex] is the force exerted by the spring, [tex]\( k \)[/tex] is the spring constant (elastic constant), and [tex]\( \Delta x \)[/tex] is the displacement from the spring's equilibrium position.
Given:
- The displacement [tex]\( \Delta x \)[/tex] is 2 cm.
- The spring constant [tex]\( k \)[/tex] is 3 N/cm.
Using Hooke's Law, we can calculate the force [tex]\( F \)[/tex] as follows:
[tex]\[ F = k \Delta x \] \[ F = (3 \, \text{N/cm}) \times (2 \, \text{cm}) \] \[ F = 6 \, \text{N} \][/tex]
Therefore, the force needed to stretch the spring 2 cm is 6 N.
During combustion, chemical energy stored in fossil fuels is converted into _____ energy.
I do believe is Mechanical Energy
Will platinum (pt) metal react with a lead(ii) nitrate solution?
To answer this question, we must first look at the reactivity series table. From the table, we can see that those which are located above are the most reactive while those below are less reactive. Which means that elements cannot replace those elements which are above them.
From the series, platinum is below lead, hence there will be no reaction.
Answer:
No reaction
Final answer:
Platinum (Pt) does not react with a lead(II) nitrate solution because of its low reactivity, indicated by its position near the bottom of the activity series, which means it will not displace lead to form a new compound.
Explanation:
Platinum metal (Pt) is a highly inert metal and does not react easily with other substances. In the activity series, which is a list of metals arranged in order of their reactivity with acids and water, platinum is near the bottom, indicating very low reactivity. Considering the context provided about reactions of lead compounds, such as the reaction of lead(II) nitrate with potassium iodide to form a precipitate of lead(II) iodide, we can infer a similar lack of reactivity would apply to platinum in this case.
While lead(II) nitrate reacts with potassium iodide to form a precipitate of lead(II) iodide, such a double-replacement reaction is not likely to occur between platinum and lead(II) nitrate. The reason is that platinum will not displace lead from its salt because lead is above platinum in the activity series. Therefore, no reaction between Pt metal and lead(II) nitrate solution would be expected. Since the question appears to be about the reaction profiles of different metals, we have determined that there is no reactive interaction between these specific substances.
Part a a solution is made by mixing 9.00 mmol (millimoles) of ha and 3.00 mmol of the strong base. what is the resulting ph? express the ph numerically to two decimal places.
Assuming that the reaction is unimolecular on both reactant and product sides such that:
HA + OH- --> A- + H2O
Therefore the amount of A- left is:
mmol HA = 9.00 - 3.00 = 6.00
mmol A- = 3.00
pKa = - log Ka = 5.25
Calculating for pH:
pH = 5.25 + log 3.00/6.00
To calculate the resulting pH of a solution made by mixing 9.00 mmol of HA and 3.00 mmol of a strong base, you need to determine the concentrations of the acid and base, calculate the concentration of the resulting solution, find the pOH using the concentration of the conjugate base, and finally convert the pOH to pH.
Explanation:The pH of the solution can be calculated using the concentrations of the acid and the base. We can assume that the strong base reacts completely with the acid, so the resulting solution will contain only the conjugate base and water. Since we know the concentrations of the acid and base, we can determine the moles of each and calculate the new concentrations of the resulting solution. Finally, we can use the concentration of the conjugate base to find the pOH and then convert it to pH.
Given:
moles of HA = 9.00 mmol
moles of strong base = 3.00 mmol
Total volume of solution = unknown
Let's assume the total volume of the solution is 1 L for easier calculations. The concentration of the acid (HA) is 9.00 mmol / 1 L = 9.00 mM. The concentration of the conjugate base (A-) is also 9.00 mM since the acid and base react in a 1:1 ratio. The pOH of the solution can be calculated using the concentration of the base:
pOH = -log([OH-])
Since the concentration of the base is 9.00 mM, the pOH = -log(0.009) = 2.05
The pH of the solution can be calculated by subtracting the pOH from 14:
pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 2.05 = 11.95
Therefore, the resulting pH of the solution is approximately 11.95.
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