A biochemist isolates, purifies, and combines in a test tube a variety of molecules needed for DNA replication. When she adds some DNA to the mixture, replication occurs, but each DNA molecule consists of a normal strand paired with numerous segments of DNA a few hundred nucleotides long. What has she probably left out of the mixture?
A) DNA polymerase
B) DNA ligase
C) nucleotides
D) Okazaki fragments
E) primase

Skeletal muscles:

These are striated muscles present with bones their attachment with bones lead to the movement of bones accurately. They are voluntary muscles. The collagen and tendons are attached to it. Their movement is controlled by brain. They have a great role in fascinating movements.

Skeletal muscle is one of three noteworthy muscle types, the others being heart muscle and smooth muscle. It is a type of striated muscle tissue, which is under the deliberate control of the physical sensory system. Most skeletal muscles are joined to bones by packs of collagen strands known as ligaments.

coracobrachialis.  

biceps brachii.  

brachialis anticus.  

triceps brachii.  

anconeus.  

pronator teres.  

flexor carpi radialis.  

palmaris longus.  

are skeleton muscles in human body

Example:

As u know we can move our hands with the aid of muscles.

Final answer:

Skeletal muscles contain fibers arranged in fascicles with various patterns like parallel, circular, convergent, pennate, fusiform, and triangular, which determine their function in terms of force and motion range.

Explanation:

Fascicle Arrangements in Skeletal Muscles

The skeletal muscles in the body are comprised of fibers arranged in bundles known as fascicles. Each fascicle is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called perimysium, and this arrangement is essential for the muscle's function as it relates to the force generation and range of motion. There are various fascicle arrangements within skeletal muscles:

To associate a specific muscle with one of these arrangements, we can consider the biceps brachii, which has a parallel arrangement, allowing it to contract over a large distance for significant forearm movement. In contrast, the orbicularis oris muscle around the mouth has a circular arrangement, functioning effectively as a sphincter.

Factors Contributing to Muscle Force

Several factors influence the force a skeletal muscle can generate. These include the muscle's origin and insertion, the prime mover, synergists, fixators, and antagonists. A muscle's power is also determined by the arrangement of its fascicles, affecting both its functional capabilities and interactions with the body's lever systems.

The cattles are heterozygous for both the traits (horns and feet). This means that the genotype of the cattles is PpCc, and the phenotype of these cattles is 'no horns and cloven hooves'. The gametes formed will be : PC , Pc , pc , pC.

The cross between them is shown in the attached punnet square. Now, the number of off springs having the same phenotype as the parents (that is no horns and cloven hooves) are 9.

So, the probability of the off spring having the same phenotype as the parent cattles is (9 ÷ 16) × 100 = 56.25 %.

In a cross of heterozygous cattle (PpCc), the probability of an offspring showing the same phenotype as the parents (No horns, Cloven hooves) is approximately 56.25% according to Mendelian inheritance.

In the given scenario, cattle that are heterozygous for horns (Pp) and hooves (Cc) are crossed. The traits are expressed based on Mendelian inheritance. In this case, both the parents have the genotype PpCc, which results in four possible combinations of these genes in the gametes: PC, Pc, pC, and pc.

When these possible gene combinations are crossed, we get 16 different genotypic combinations in the resulting offspring. However, as both P (no horns) and C (cloven hooves) are dominant traits, the genotype Pc (No horns, Mule feet), pC (Horns, Cloven hooves), pc (Horns, Mule feet), would still result in the same phenotype as the heterozygous parents (No Horns, Cloven hooves). So, the resulting traits of the F2 generation would be observed in a ratio of 9 (No horns, cloven hooves) : 3 (Either horns or mule feet) : 4 (Horns, Mule feet).

According to these calculations, the probability that an offspring will exhibit the same phenotype (No horns, Cloven hooves) like the parents is 9/16 or approximately 56.25%.

https://brainly.com/question/30459739

#SPJ3

Liver cells contain the same genes as all other body cells

Liver cells contain the same genes as all other body cells (all cells of the same organism possess the same genome).

So how is it that these cells express themselves differently? It is thanks to the epigenetics. These are reversible, transmissible (in cell divisions) and adaptive gene expression mechanisms without changing the nucleotide sequence (DNA).

Epigenetics has demonstrated cell differentiation: all the cells of a multicellular organism have the same genetic inheritance, but express it very differently according to the tissue to which they belong.

Frameshift mutation affects codons downstream the point of mutation. The previous order of 3 nucleotide- sequences (codons) is consequently changed. This, therefore, changes the protein coded by the mRNA transcribed by the mutated DNA region. Frameshifts are mostly due to insertion or deletion mutations.

The process described is called freezing.  Any substance in its solid state is frozen.  We tend to think of things that are frozen as being cold because ice tends to be our frame of reference.  However, a ball of solid steel sitting on table in hot garage in August is a ball of frozen steel because steels freezing point is much higher than water's freezing point.  The freezing temperature depends on the properties of the elements in the substance.  Some substances freeze at cold temperatures (water), some substances freeze at really cold temperatures (carbon dioxide, nitrogen), and some temperatures freeze at hot temperatures (steel).

The process where heat is removed causing particles to slow down, unable to overcome the attractive forces between them and entering the solid state is referred to as freezing.

The process described in your question is known as freezing. When heat is removed from a substance, the particles within it start to lose kinetic energy, which means they begin to slow down. As more and more heat is removed, the particles start to move so slowly that they are unable to overcome the attractive forces between them. As a result, they start clumping together, leading to the formation of a solid state of matter. The transition from a liquid to a solid due to removed heat is called freezing.

https://brainly.com/question/24645336

#SPJ2

The answer is; B

Actually, viruses are considered nonliving things because they are unable to bear the characteristic of living things (such as respiration, reproduction, growth, excretion, and etcetera) on their own.  They only infect host cells to ride on the cell's biochemical machinery to be able to reproduce. Once outside the cells, they are non-living.  

Weak genetic organisms and strong genetic similarities in distantly related organisms

I believe the answer is b.

Hi !!

A vitamin is a compound that organisms need in small amounts but cannot produce

Dear mama and papa,

I am here to tell you about how I received the genes from both of you and why I am looking like having resemblance of you. I had studied in the biology class. I have received half of your genes from both of you.

This process occurs during the DNA synthesis. That's why I have possessed both characters of you and mama. This is the very reason my appearance is resembled to both of you.

Answer:

Explanation:

The letter to my parents describing how I received my genes.

Dear Parents,

Hi, Mum and Dad. I hope you are all doing well. I am writing this letter to satiate your curiosity on how I received the genes I now possess and how I look the way I do now.

Firstly, all living organisms including we, humans, contain genetic material in form of DNA, through which genetic information is expressed and transferred to offsprings. This DNA which contains functional segments called GENES, are transferred in humans (like us) via gametes or sex cells.

The sex cells are produced by the process of meiosis, a cell division that divides each portion of the DNA containing all genes into gametes. These gametes (sperm and egg, in male and female respectively) fuses in the process of fertilization to form a zygote, which contains all the necessary genetic information from both parents (mother and father).

This further explains why I look like either mum or dad because i contain in my genome both of your genes.

Final answer:

The correct medical codes for a Foley catheter change would involve a CPT code for the procedure and potentially additional codes for the supplies, keeping in mind the importance of sterile techniques to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections.

Explanation:

Coding medical procedures correctly is important for medical billing and ensuring that healthcare providers receive appropriate reimbursement. The procedure described involves replacing a two-way Foley catheter in a sterile fashion and providing an abdominal urinary drainage bag and bedside bag.

While specific codes are not provided in the text, the correct coding would typically involve a Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code for the catheter replacement and possibly additional codes for the supplies provided, as per the guidelines set by the American Medical Association (AMA).

In addition, considering the context provided about catheter-related bloodstream infections, it is crucial that medical professionals adhere to strict sterile techniques during the procedure to prevent such infections, which contribute to a significant number of hospital-related deaths as per the World Health Organization (WHO).

If DNA templates reads "ATA," UTU since mRNA has no Thiamine(T) . It has uracil(U) in place of T the correct corresponding sequence on the mRNA.

Transcription has been the process of copying the information in the DNA into an RNA molecule. It is the using of a DNA template to form a messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation follows transcription, which is the process of using RNA as template to synthesize amino acids sequence (proteins).

Translation occurs in the ribosome, with the aid of the transfer RNA (tRNA). The tRNA helps read the mRNA codon with the anticodon that is complementary to the codon sequence. Hence, if the mRNA codon has a CGT sequence, only a tRNA will ANTICODON sequence GCA, will be able to bind to it.

Therefore, If DNA templates reads "ATA," UTU since mRNA has no Thiamine(T) . It has uracil(U) in place of T the correct corresponding sequence on the mRNA.

Learn more about mRNA on:

https://brainly.com/question/12903143

#SPJ5

Both the sodium and the chlorine atoms need to obtain a stable electron configuration, thus, a complete outer shell of eight electrons.

Sodiums electron design is 2,8,1 and chlorines electron setup is 2,8,7. So all together for the two molecules of the two components to get a total external shell of eight electrons, sodium will give one electron to chlorine, and the chlorine particle will acknowledge the gave electron when responded with each other.

This outcomes in the sodium particle having an electron arrangement of 2,8 so is currently total. The chloride particle currently has an electron configuration of 2,8,8.

Since the molecules have moved toward becoming particles to end up stable, the Na+ and the Cl-particles draw in one another because of their contrary charges, which results in an ionic bond.

This is the reason sodium and chlorine cling to each other when responded.

The correct answer is C. The ice in Antarctica has a high albedo, meaning it reflects a significant amount of solar radiation, which contributes to the continent's very cold temperatures.

Antarctica is a continent extensively covered in ice, which plays a crucial role in reflecting solar radiation due to its high albedo. Albedo refers to the reflectivity of a surface, with lighter colored surfaces like snow and ice reflecting more radiation than darker ones. Thus, the correct answer to the question "which of the following would you expect to be true of Antarctica?" is C. The ice has a high albedo. This high albedo means that a significant amount of the solar radiation reaching Antarctica's surface is reflected back into the atmosphere, contributing to the continent's extremely cold temperatures.

It decreases by 10 percent as you go up each trophic level.

The amount of energy at each trophic level decreases when it moves through an ecosystem. 10 percent of the energy at any trophic level is transferred to the next level and the rest is lost through metabolic processes as heat

The codes to be reported in the given case are 94640, 94640 - 76, J7609 * 2, J44.1.  

In the CPT index, when one looks for airway obstruction / Inhalation treatment / Non-pressured or pressured, then one is directed to 94640. Inhalation treatment was instructed therapeutically in treating the acute airway obstruction. Two treatments were given, so code 94640 is reported twice.  

Under code 94640, there is a parenthetical instructing given to use modifier 76, in case if more than one inhalation treatment is done on a similar date. As the treatment is done urgently, that is, in the office, the physician uses albuterol, in the given case, two doses of albuterol is given, so J7609 is reported twice per dose. The diagnosis code for exacerbation is J44.1.  

Final answer:

The codes to report for the second albuterol inhalation treatment for the patient are 94640 and 94640-76.

Explanation:

The codes that should be reported for the 70-year-old patient with chronic obstructive asthma who required a second albuterol inhalation treatment delivered by nebulizer are as follows:

94640: Pressurized or non-pressurized inhalation treatment for acute airway obstruction or bronchospasm, first hour

94640-76: Pressurized or non-pressurized inhalation treatment for acute airway obstruction or bronchospasm, additional 30 minutes

This means you would report 94640 for the initial treatment and then add -76 for the additional treatment that was necessary.

The answer is;

4, 1, 3, 2

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is referred to as ‘rough’ due to the presence of numerous ribosomes on its membrane. When the ribosomes translate proteins, the proteins enter the lumen of the ER and are folded appropriately by the help of chaperones. The proteins travel from the cis to the trans end of the ER during this modification this process. At the trans end they pinch off into vesicle that later join the Golgi apparatus. The protein are modified and packaged in teh Golgi. They then pinch off into vesicles and transported to their site in the cell or to the plasma membrane for exocytosis.  

smooth endoplasmic reticulum >>>steroid hormones

ribosome>>> amino acid based hormone

Answer:

The correct answer would be The ribosome; smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Ribosomes are the site of protein or polypeptide chain synthesis. They with the help of mRNA and tRNA synthesize polypeptide chains. Thus, amino acid-based hormones would also synthesize at ribosomal sites.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is a type of endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes. It forms a major site for synthesis and storage of lipids such as phospholipid, cholesterol et cetera. In cells of the adrenal gland, SER plays an important function in the synthesis of steroid hormones from cholesterol.

As a cell gets larger, the internal volume enlarge and consequently the cell membrane has to expand.And so when the volume increases, the amount of surface area that is available to surpass the materials in a cell steadily decreases.So,the surface area to the volume ratio would get smaller if the cell gets bigger. The answer is C.

Its tea because it is just made of the leaves it self.

Hope this helped!! Have a good day c;

Answer:

the answer is soap

Explanation:

basic=bases soap is made with a base ingredient

tea is incorrect because its made with tannic (acids)

wine is incorrect because its made with tartaric (acids)

vinegar is incorrect because its made with acetic (acids)

the correct answer is B. it could be used to create a complete genomic library.

cDNA produced using human brain tissue lacks the introns of the human genes.

The correct answer is e. It lacks the introns of the human genes.

When cDNA is produced using reverse transcriptase, it is synthesized from mRNA, which carries the coding sequences of genes but lacks introns. Introns are non-coding regions of genes that are present in genomic DNA but are removed during mRNA processing. Therefore, cDNA lacks introns, which are present in the human genes.

To create a complete genomic library, all the genomic DNA fragments need to be cloned, which include introns. As cDNA lacks introns, it cannot create a complete genomic library. However, it can be used to create a complementary DNA (cDNA) library, which only contains the coding sequences of genes.

https://brainly.com/question/29761101

#SPJ3

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) could be produced by incubating DNA nucleotides with restriction enzymes.

The visual acuity test refers to a routine part of a general eye examination, mainly to observe if there is an issue with vision or a change in vision. The test can be performed in a school, in a health care provider's office, workplace, or somewhere else.  

For the commencement of the test, the individual is instructed to remove the contact lenses or glasses and sit or stand 6 meters from the eye chart, and he or she is instructed to open both the eyes. Then the individual is asked to cover one eye with a piece of paper, with the palm of the hand, or with a small paddle while one reads out loud the smallest line of letters, which he or she can witness on the chart.  

This test is done on each eye, that is, each at a time. If required, it is repeated while one wears the contact lenses or glasses. One may also be instructed to read the numbers of letters from a card held 14 inches from the face, this will test the near vision.  

A. Predict and control

When we learn to understand the mind and feelings, we can also learn to predict and control behavior. The correct option is A.

Thus, Understanding the intricacies of the mind and emotions can help us understand why people act the way they do. We can acquire the ability to forecast how individuals could act in certain scenarios by learning more about human psychology, motivations, and emotions.

This predictive knowledge can be useful in a variety of situations, including counselling, interpersonal interactions, and even industries like marketing and advertising.

Furthermore, we can discover techniques to sway or mould behaviour by understanding the mind and emotions. In order to influence others positively or promote desired behaviours, we can use this information to develop persuasive abilities, empathy, and successful communication strategies.

Thus, When we learn to understand the mind and feelings, we can also learn to predict and control behavior. The correct option is A.

Learn more about behaviors, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/29569211

#SPJ6

Water at the top of a hydroelectric dam holds gravitational potential energy, which is converted to kinetic energy as it falls, and finally to electrical energy as it passes through turbines and generators.

The type of energy present in water at the top of a hydroelectric dam is gravitational potential energy. This energy is due to the elevated position of water, which has the potential to do work when it is allowed to fall. In a hydroelectric power facility, as the water is released from the reservoir and falls towards the generators, this gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Then, as the water flows through turbines at the bottom of the dam, the kinetic energy is utilized to turn the turbines which, in turn, drives the generators to produce electrical energy.

Hydroelectric power leverages the energy conversion process that starts with the gravitational potential energy of the stored water. This process is highly efficient, often capturing up to 90% of the potential energy and converting it into electrical power. Hydroelectricity taps into the solar-driven evaporation cycle, where solar energy lifts water into the atmosphere which later falls to higher altitudes, enabling the capture of the energy as it moves back down.