Taking into account the definition of density and Avogadro's number, 1.44×10²⁴ molecules of ethanol are present in 140 ml of ethanol.
Definition of densityDensity is defined as the property that matter, whether solid, liquid or gas, has to compress into a given space.
In other words, density is a quantity that allows us to measure the amount of mass in a certain volume of a substance. Then, the expression for the calculation of density is the quotient between the mass of a body and the volume it occupies:
[tex]density=\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]
Avogadro's Number
Avogadro's Number or Avogadro's Constant is called the number of particles that make up a substance (usually atoms or molecules) and that can be found in the amount of one mole of said substance. Its value is 6.023×10²³ particles per mole. Avogadro's number applies to any substance.
Amount of molecules of ethanolIn this case, you know that:
Density= 0.789 [tex]\frac{g}{cm^{3} }[/tex]Volume= 140 mL= 140 cm³Replacing in the definition of density:
[tex]0.789\frac{g}{cm^{3} } =\frac{mass}{140cm^{3} }[/tex]
Solving:
mass= 0.789 [tex]\frac{g}{cm^{3} }[/tex]×140 cm³
mass= 110.46 g
The molar mass of ethanol, that is, the amount of mass present in one mole of the compound, is 46 [tex]\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]. Then the number of moles that 110.46 g of ethanol contain is calculated by:
110.46 g×[tex]\frac{1 mol}{46 g}[/tex]= 2.40 moles
Finally, you can apply the following rule of three: If by definition of Avogadro's number 1 mole of ethanol contains 6.023×10²³ molecules, 2.40 moles contains how many molecules?
amount of molecules= (2.40 moles× 6.023×10²³ molecules)÷ 1 mole
amount of molecules= 1.44×10²⁴ moles
In summary, 1.44×10²⁴ molecules of ethanol are present in 140 ml of ethanol.
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To find out how many molecules of ethanol are in 140 mL of ethanol with a density of 0.789 g/cm³, convert the volume to mass using the density, the mass to moles using the molar mass and moles to molecules using Avogadro's number, yielding approximately 1.44 × 10²´ molecules.
Explanation:To calculate how many molecules of ethanol are present in 140 mL of ethanol, with a density of 0.789 g/cm³, we'll follow these steps:
First, convert the volume of ethanol from milliliters to cubic centimeters (cm³), knowing that 1 mL = 1 cm³.Then, determine the mass of ethanol by multiplying its volume by its density.Next, convert the mass to moles using ethanol's molar mass (46.07 g/mol).Finally, calculate the number of molecules using Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol).We can start by finding the mass:
140 mL * 0.789 g/mL = 110.46 gThen, we convert mass to moles:
110.46 g / 46.07 g/mol = 2.397 molAnd then convert moles to molecules:
2.397 mol * 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol = 1.44 × 10²´ moleculesSo, there are approximately 1.44 × 10²´ molecules of ethanol in 140 mL of ethanol.
A student compared some soccer players to the atoms in the liquid state. Which of the following activities were the soccer players most likely performing?
A) Lining up next to each other
B) Huddling around each other for the ball
C) Running randomly in all directions
D) Slowly jumping up and down in their places
The activity that most resembles atoms in a liquid state would be the soccer players running randomly in all directions, as this mirrors the constrained yet random motion atoms in a liquid state experience.
Explanation:The student was likely comparing soccer players to atoms in a liquid state in order to describe the random, yet constrained movement atoms in a liquid experience. This is best mirrored by the soccer players if they are 'Running randomly in all directions' (Option C). In a liquid state, atoms are not rigidly fixed in place but nor do they have the freedom to move indefinitely in any direction, unlike in a gaseous state.
The other options, such as players lining up or huddling around the ball, would suggest more organized or confined states- more reminiscent of the solid state. Jumping up and down, depending on the speed and proximity to each other, could either be reminiscent of atoms in a solid state (slow movement, confined within certain boundaries) or a heated liquid/gas state (faster movement, possibility to overcome interatomic forces).
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We inhale o2 and we exhale co2. carbon dioxide is produced _____.
Final answer:
Carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration, where sugar reacts with oxygen to release energy, water, and CO2. The CO2 is then transported to the lungs as bicarbonate and exhaled.
Explanation:
We inhale oxygen (O2) and exhale carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide is produced in the body because every cell requires oxygen for the oxidative stages of cellular respiration, a process by which energy is produced in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). During this process, sugar (C6H12O6) reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy according to the balanced equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy.
Carbon dioxide is then transported back to the lungs as bicarbonate via the bloodstream, where it dissociates readily from hemoglobin and diffuses across the respiratory membrane into the air within the alveoli to be expelled as a waste product.
Final answer:
Carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration, during which cells use oxygen to convert nutrients into energy, and is excreted by exhaling after being carried to the lungs in the form of bicarbonate.
Explanation:
We inhale oxygen when we breathe, which is essential for the process of cellular respiration. In this process, our cells use oxygen to convert nutrients, such as sugars, into energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), carbon dioxide , and water. Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product during the oxidative stages of cellular respiration. It is then transported back to the lungs via the blood, where it is converted largely into bicarbonate ions by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase within red blood cells.
The high concentrations of carbon dioxide in areas of high metabolic rate lead to its diffusion into blood capillaries and eventual transport to the lungs. Gas exchange within the alveoli of the lungs allows carbon dioxide to be exhaled and fresh oxygen to be taken up by the bloodstream, continuing the cycle of respiration. The respiratory quotient (RQ) can vary depending on the type of nutrient being metabolized—fats, proteins, or carbohydrates—but it generally represents the ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed.
The density of silicon is 2.33 g/cm 3 . What is the volume of a piece of silicon that has a mass of 83.8 g ?
This organism would be found in a __________ ecosystem. A) marine B) wetlands C) terrestrial D) fresh water
This organism would be found in a marine ecosystem.
Which characteristic of atoms is the basis for the order on the Periodic Table?
A.
reactivity
B.
atomic size
C.
atomic number
D.
mass number
Answer:
Option C, atomic number
Explanation:
In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in the increasing order of atomic number.
As per the modern periodic law,
When the elements are arranged in the order increasing atomic number, then periodicity in the properties are observed, Periodicity in the properties means similar properties repeated after certain intervals.
In modern periodic table, elements are arranged in 7 periods and 18 groups.
A solid and a liquid are shaken together in a test tube to produce a clear blue liquid.
Which of the following best describes the behavior of the above pair of substances?
soluble
insoluble
miscible
immiscible
A certain element forms an ion with 54 electrons and a charge of +2. identify the element.
Final answer:
An element that has 54 electrons and a +2 charge is iron, resulting in an Fe2+ ion, also known as the iron(II) ion. For the given exercise, an ion with 34 protons and 36 electrons is a Se2- ion, known as the selenide ion.
Explanation:
The element that forms an ion with 54 electrons and a charge of +2 can be identified by first finding the number of protons in its neutral state, which remains unchanged when it becomes an ion.
Since the element has a +2 charge, it must have two more protons than electrons, giving it a total of 56 protons, which is the atomic number of iron (Fe). Therefore, the element is iron, and the ion is Fe2+, also known as the iron(II) ion or ferrous ion.
Now, to answer the check your learning question: An ion with 34 protons and 36 electrons has two more electrons than protons, indicating a -2 charge. The element with 34 protons is selenium (Se), and the ion is Se2-, known as the selenide ion.
What process does carbon move from an abiotic resource into organic matter?
Which of the following items are true of early nuclear science?
(Multiple choice)
•The first nucleus split was uranium-235.
•The first nuclear reactions were done in the 1880’s.
•Albert Einstein himself caused the first nuclear reaction.
•some mass of the nucleus was lost in the first nuclear reaction.
Answer:
some mass of the nucleus was lost in the first nuclear reaction.
Explanation:
In a nuclear reaction, mass is converted to energy according to Einstein's equation;
E=∆mc^2 where ∆m is known as mass defect. The mass defect arises due to the conversion of part of the mass of the nucleus into energy in a nuclear reaction. c is the speed of light 3×10^8 ms^-1
By so doing, Albert Einstein confirmed that mass and energy are inter convertible in a nuclear reaction.
CO2, NaCl, and HCl may all be classified as
An oxygen atom has two electron shells and 6 valence electrons. how many total electrons does this atom have?
how do an ionic bond and a covalent bond differ?
A. an ionic bond is an attraction between oppositely charged ions. a covalent bond is a sharing of electrons between atoms.
B. a covalent bond is an attraction between oppositely charged ions. an ionic bond is a sharing of electrons between atoms.
C. there is no difference. boats and ionic bond and a covalent Bond share electrons.
D. there is no difference. both ionic bond and a covalent Bond are attractions between oppositely charged ions.
How to remove sodium chloride from silica?
Sodium chloride is soluble in water but silica does not. Hence, addition of water to the sample will separate sodium chloride out.
What is chemical separation?There are various methods to separate the individual chemical compounds from a mixture of them based on their physical or chemical properties. Distillation, filtration, chromatography, magnetic separation etc are some of the separation methods.
Based on the solubility of compounds, the salts can be separated using a separating funnel by adding a suitable solvent.
For example an acid and its salt can be separated by adding an inorganic acid solvent where the salt is soluble and forms aqueous layer and the acid forms a separate organic layer.
Sodium chloride is highly soluble in water, whereas, silica does not dissolve in water. Because of the presence of oxide layer on silica it is insoluble in water.
Thus, by adding water to the sample the silica will deposits under and the salt solution can be removed out.
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Chalcopyrite is an ore with the composition cufes2. what is the percentage of iron in a 39.6 g sample of this ore? answer in units of %.
Calculate the photon energy (in joules) for the light emitted from the hydrogen atom if ninitial = 4 and nfinal = 2.
To solve this, we must first find the value of the wavelength using the formula:
1/ʎ = R [1/(nfinal)^2 – 1/(ninitial)^2]
where ʎ is wavelength and R is Rydberg’s constant = 10,973,731.6 m-1
1/ʎ = 10,973,731.6 m-1 [1/2^2 – 1/4^2]
1/ʎ = 2,057,574.675 m-1
ʎ = 4.86 x 10^-7 m
Then compute for energy using the equation:
E = hc / ʎ
where h is Plancks constant = 6.63 x 10^-34 J s, c is speed of light = 3 x 10^8 m/s
E = (6.63 x 10^-34 J s) (3 x 10^8 m/s) / 4.86 x 10^-7 m
E = 4.09 x 10^-19 J
The atom below with the greatest number of valence electrons is _______. A. Cl: 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P5 B. Br: 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S2 3D10 4P5 C. I: 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S2 3D10 4P6 5S2 4D10 5P5 D. Ne: 1S2 2S2 2P6 E. None of the Above
The atom with the greatest number of valence electrons is I: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁵. It has 7 valence electrons in the outermost energy level (5p). Thus, the correct option is option C.
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom and are involved in chemical bonding and reactions. Electronic configuration refers to the arrangement of electrons in an atom, ion, or molecule. It describes the distribution of electrons among different energy levels, orbitals, and subshells within an atom or ion.
The electronic configuration is represented using a notation that indicates the energy levels (principle quantum numbers), subshells (s, p, d, f), and the number of electrons in each subshell. The Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule are used to determine the order of filling the orbitals and the spin states of the electrons.
Thus, the ideal selection is option C.
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____ HBr + ____ Mg(OH)2 ---> ____ MgBr2 + ____ H2O
Material deposited directly by a glacier is called ______.
A. a kettle
B. rock flour
C. till
D. stratified drift
Material deposited directly by s glacier is called till (answer C)
Explanation
Till is a heterogenous mixture of different sized material deposited by moving ice. This type of till is known as lodgement till.
The other type of till is deposited by the melting in place of stagnant ice and is referred to as ablation till.
After deposition, some till are reworked by water.
How many carbon atoms are present in one molecule of ribulose bisphosphate?
Elements in the same row of the periodic table have the same number of ________ ________(2 words).
Rust is formed by the interaction of iron and oxygen. When rust formed on an iron nail with a mass of 100 g, the mass of the rusted nail was 143 g. What mass of oxygen gas most likely reacted with the iron nail? 43 g 50 g 100 g 243 g
answer: 43 grams.
This problem is a good example to understand the law of conservation of mass. This law states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed , meaning that the final mass is the same that what you started with..
You didn't measure the weight of the oxygen that entered the reaction, so the weight of the rustic nail, plus the weight of the oxygen, will be the equal to the final mass.
100 +43 = 143g
Answer:
43 Grams:) I hope that this helped!
Octane has a density of 0.692 g/ml at 20∘c. how many grams of o2 are required to burn 17.0 gal of c8h18
156251.099 grams of O₂ are required to burn 17.0 gal of C₈H₁₈
Further explanationDensity is a quantity derived from the mass and volume
Density is the ratio of mass per unit volume
With the same mass, the volume of objects that have a high density will be smaller than objects with a smaller type of mass
The unit of density can be expressed in g / cm³ or kg / m³
Density formula:
[tex]\large{\boxed{\bold{\rho~=~\frac{m}{V} }}}[/tex]
ρ = density
m = mass
v = volume
1 gal equal to = 3785.41 ml
then 17.0 gal = 17 x 3785.41 = 64351.97 ml Octane
grams Octane = ρ x ml
grams Octane = 0.692 g.ml x 64351.97
grams Octane = 44531.563
molar mass Octane (C₈H₁₈) = 114
mole Octane = grams : molar mass
mole Octane = 44531.563 : 114
mole Octane = 390.627
From the reaction
C₈H₁₈ + 25/2 O₂ ⇒ 8 CO₂ + 9H₂O
mole C₈H₁₈ : mole O₂ = 1 : 25/2
[tex]mole\:O_2\:=\:\frac{25}{2} \times\:390.627[/tex]
mole O₂ = 4882.846
grams O₂ = mole x molar mass
grams O₂ = 4882.846 x 32
grams O₂ = 156251.099
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Keywords: Octane, mole, mass, gal, density
"[tex]1.56\times 10^5 \ g[/tex]" of [tex]O_2[/tex] are required to burn 17.0 gal of [tex]C_8 H_{18}[/tex].
According to the question,
Density of Octane = 0.692 g/mLTemperature = 20°CWe know that,
[tex]1 \ gal = 3785.4 \ mL[/tex]then,
[tex]17 \ gal = 64352 \ mL[/tex]Now,
→ Mass of Octane will be:
= [tex]0.692\times 64352[/tex]
= [tex]44531 \ g[/tex]
or,
→ [tex]114 \ g \rightarrow 400 \ g[/tex]
→ [tex]44531 \ g \rightarrow \frac{400\times 44531}{114}= 156251 \ g[/tex]
hence,
The Oxygen (O₂) needed will be:
= [tex]1.56\times 10^5 \ g[/tex]
Thus the above answer is appropriate.
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Which energy level requires the most energy to remove an electron?
Answer:
The K energy level or innermost shell of the electron.
Explanation:
The K shell is the innermost shell of an electron and to remove an electron in this shell, it requires the most energy compared to the other shells. An electron can be subdivided into K, L, M, N and so on shells depending on the number of electrons the element possesses. The amount of energy needed to remove electrons from each energy level increasing inwards and this is as a result of the shielding effects of the nucleus of the element. The nucleus shields electrons from been removed from the shells and the distance away from the nucleus by the electrons reduces their staying power. So electrons closer to the nucleus are not easily removed and requires the most energy in case it will be removed.
As an environmental engineer how would you apply the process of separating mixtures to clean up a polluted beach? What would you do first? Second? Third? What equipment would you need? Explain your process.
Is evaporation of water a physical change or a chemical change? explain your answer?
Final answer:
Evaporation of water is a physical change because it involves a change from liquid to gas without altering the chemical composition of the water (H₂O). The water molecules remain the same before and after evaporation.
Explanation:
The evaporation of water is a physical change, not a chemical one. During the evaporation process, liquid water (H₂O (l)) turns into water vapor (H₂O (g)), but the molecular structure of water does not change. The molecules gain energy and move apart to transition from the liquid to the gas phase, but they remain as H₂O molecules throughout this process, indicating that no chemical reaction has occurred, only a change in state.
Examples of physical changes include the dissolving of sugar in water, the melting of solid gold, and the conduction of energy through a material. None of these processes result in a change to the underlying chemical composition of the substance involved. For example, even when sugar dissolves in water, it still remains sugar and can be recovered by evaporating the water.
What is the greatest number of theoretical cross-linkages possible by vulcanizing 100 g of polyisoprene chains?
Assessing the maximum number of cross-linkages from vulcanizing 100 g of polyisoprene is not possible without detailed conditions of vulcanization. Vulcanization creates cross-linkages at different densities for various rubber characteristics, with 2-3% and 25-35% crosslinking producing soft and hard rubber, respectively.
The question "What is the greatest number of theoretical cross-linkages possible by vulcanizing 100 g of polyisoprene chains?" pertains to the chemical process of vulcanization, which is used to strengthen rubber. Vulcanization involves adding sulfur or other curatives to polymers, like polyisoprene, which creates cross-linkages between the polymer chains. This process transforms rubber into a more durable, elastic material commonly used in a variety of products including tires and seals.
However, without specific information on the conditions of vulcanization, such as the amount of sulfur or the extent of heat applied, or the exact structure of the polyisoprene used, it is impossible to calculate the exact maximum number of cross-linkages. What we can acknowledge is that cross-linkages occur at varying densities depending on the desired characteristics of the rubber produced. For example, at 2 to 3% crosslinking, a soft rubber suitable for many everyday applications is obtained, while at 25 to 35% crosslinking, a hard rubber product is achieved.
the greatest number of theoretical cross-linkages possible by vulcanizing 100 g of polyisoprene chains is approximately[tex]\(1.77 \times 10^{24}\).[/tex]
The number of theoretical cross-linkages possible by vulcanizing polyisoprene chains depends on the number of repeat units in the polymer and the stoichiometry of the vulcanization reaction. Vulcanization typically involves the formation of sulfur bridges between polymer chains, leading to cross-linkages.
Polyisoprene (natural rubber) is a polymer composed of repeating isoprene units [tex](\(C_5H_8\)).[/tex] The molar mass of isoprene is approximately 68.12 g/mol.
To find the number of moles of polyisoprene in 100 g, we divide the mass by the molar mass:
[tex]\[ \text{Moles of polyisoprene} = \frac{\text{Mass of polyisoprene}}{\text{Molar mass of polyisoprene}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Moles of polyisoprene} = \frac{100 \, \text{g}}{68.12 \, \text{g/mol}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Moles of polyisoprene} \approx 1.47 \, \text{mol} \][/tex]
Now, let's assume that each cross-linkage involves one sulfur atom (S). The molar mass of sulfur is approximately 32.07 g/mol.
For every mole of polyisoprene, a certain ratio of sulfur atoms is used in the vulcanization process. This ratio depends on the specific vulcanization method and conditions. Let's assume a simplified scenario where each isoprene unit can potentially form a cross-linkage with a sulfur atom.
The molar ratio of sulfur atoms to isoprene units is 1:1. Therefore, the number of moles of sulfur required is the same as the number of moles of polyisoprene.
[tex]\[ \text{Moles of sulfur} = 1.47 \, \text{mol} \][/tex]
Now, let's calculate the number of sulfur atoms:
[tex]\[ \text{Number of sulfur atoms} = \text{Moles of sulfur} \times \text{Avogadro's number} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Number of sulfur atoms} = 1.47 \times 6.022 \times 10^{23} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Number of sulfur atoms} \approx 8.84 \times 10^{23} \][/tex]
Each sulfur atom can potentially form two cross-linkages (one with each isoprene unit). Therefore, the maximum number of theoretical cross-linkages possible is twice the number of sulfur atoms.
[tex]\[ \text{Maximum number of theoretical cross-linkages} = 2 \times \text{Number of sulfur atoms} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Maximum number of theoretical cross-linkages} = 2 \times 8.84 \times 10^{23} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Maximum number of theoretical cross-linkages} \approx 1.77 \times 10^{24} \][/tex]
So, the greatest number of theoretical cross-linkages possible by vulcanizing 100 g of polyisoprene chains is approximately[tex]\(1.77 \times 10^{24}\).[/tex]
How many moles are there in 17.5 grams of sodium? 22.99 1.05 × 1025 1.31 0.761 none of the above?
The number of moles in 17.5 grams of sodium can be calculated using the formula moles = mass / molar mass. With a molar mass of sodium of about 22.99g/mol, the result of our calculation will be approximately 0.761 moles.
Explanation:The subject of this question is Chemistry, and it involves the concept of moles. To find the number of moles in a given amount of substance, one would use the formula: moles = mass / molar mass. The molar mass of sodium is approximately 22.99 g/mol.
To calculate the number of moles in 17.5 grams of sodium, you would carry out the following calculation: 17.5 g (the given mass of sodium) divided by 22.99 g/mol (the molar mass of sodium).
Here's the calculation: moles = 17.5 g / 22.99 g/mol = 0.761 moles. So, there are approximately 0.761 moles in 17.5 grams of sodium. This makes the answer to the question '0.761'.
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In what form does all radiant energy travel through space?
Answer: It spreads forming waves
Explanation:
Radiant energy is the one possessed by electromagnetic waves such as visible light, (IR) rays, ultraviolet (UV) rays, radio waves, etc. The main characteristic of this energy is that it can be propagated in a vacuum, without the need for any material support.
Other properties are:
- It is in motion continuosly
- Travel through space at the speed of 300,000 kilometers per second
- It spreads forming waves.
Predict the color of the flame for the compound sodium hydroxide, naoh. explain your reasoning.
The color of the flame for the compound sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is yellowish orange.
What is sodium hydroxide?Sodium hydroxide or caustic soda can be described as an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaOH. Sodium hydroxide is a white solid ionic compound containing sodium cations Na⁺ and hydroxide anions OH⁻ ions.
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be defined as a highly caustic base that decomposes proteins at normal ambient temperatures and can cause severe chemical burns.
Sodium hydroxide is a colorless crystalline solid with a boiling point of 1,388 °C. NaOH has a lower solubility in polar solvents such as ethanol and methanol but is highly soluble in water.
Dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water is a highly exothermic reaction where a huge amount of heat is liberated, posing a danger through the possibility of splashing.
The color of the flame for the compound sodium hydroxide, NaOH is yellow-orange due to sodium metal.
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Which of the following are not likely to form bonds?
gold atoms
oxygen atoms
neon atoms
magnesium and chlorine atoms
Answer: Option (c) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Neon has atomic number 10 and its electronic distribution is 2, 8. As it has completely filled valence shell therefore, it does not need to gain or lose an electron.
Hence, neon is stable in nature and does not form bonds with any other atom.
Whereas atomic number of gold is 79 and its electronic configuration is [tex][Xe] 4f^{14}5d^{10}6s^{1}[/tex]. Hence, in order to attain stability, it loses one electron and thus, it is likely to form a bond.
Oxygen atom has atomic number 16 and its electronic distribution is 2, 8, 6. Hence, to attain stability it needs 2 electrons. Hence, it is likely to form a bond.
Magnesium has 2 valence electrons and chlorine has 7 valence electrons. So, they combine chemically to form [tex]MgCl_{2}[/tex].
Thus, we can conclude that out of the given options neon atoms are not likely to form bonds.