The correct answer is letter B
Operant conditioning is a learning method that uses reinforcement or punishment to increase or decrease the likelihood that behavior will recur in the future.
Operant conditioning, also called instrumental conditioning, is a learning method that makes use of the association of reinforcements (rewards) and punishments with a particular behavior or pattern of behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence of that behavior.
Final answer:
In operant conditioning, a nonreflexive (voluntary) response is associated with the consequences of that response, distinguishing it from classical conditioning which associates involuntary responses with a preceding stimulus.
Explanation:
In operant conditioning, a voluntary response is associated with the consequence of that response. This means that behaviors are not triggered by prior stimuli in the way they are in classical conditioning, but are instead initiated by the organism, leading to consequences that may either reinforce or discourage the repetition of that behavior. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is b. nonreflexive response; consequence of that response.
Operant conditioning operates on the environment and is maintained by its consequences, which can consist of rewards (reinforcement) or punishments. The choice of behavior is influenced by the expected outcome, thus reinforcing the idea that operant conditioning shapes voluntary behaviors through their consequences, not prior stimuli.
Paula vividly remembers when she went to the hospital and gave birth to her first baby. This is an example of which type of memory?
1) semantic memory
2) spatial memory
3) episodic memory
4) procedural memory
Answer:
Episodic memory
Explanation:
Episodic memory is the memory that related to our life specific events. These specific events can be reconstructed by the actual events that events could be placed at any period of life. This memory also called an autobiographical event.
The whole environment related to the specific memory becomes the memory of life events. Females are more consistent in episodic memory than males. In other words, we can say that women are more consistent with the negative recall bias in which females recall their mistakes more than males.
Thus in the above context, Paula vividly remembers that when she gave birth to her child and in which hospital she gave birth. This is an example of episodic memory.
In an informative speech, when you talk about who was involved, where the event took place or why it is important to the audience, you are invoking the power of
Answer:
The correct answer is:
Description
Explanation:
The power of description is used in informative discourse in order to create a mental image with the purpose of establishing a much more complete and real experience for the spectator through all the senses. That is why, the speaker uses all possible tools and details to achieve this through the power of language, with this actions, he intends to engage the audience and establish a connection in which the public can feel identified, informed and persuaded through such experience.
On December 23, 2015, at 3:30 pm, the three utilities began to receive thousands of bogus telephone calls appearing to originated from Moscow. The attacker's goal appears to have been to keep customers from being able to report legitimate power outages and hinder the response of the utilities to next attack. This type of attack, which attempts to overwhelm systems with data is know as what?
Answer:
This type of attack, which attempts to overwhelm systems with data is know as:
Distributed Denial of Service Attack
Explanation:
Cyber Attack:
It is an attack on a computer or a network system to steal information, change something on a computer, gain unauthorized access to a system.
There are many types of cyber attack and one of them is
Distributed Denial of Service Attack:
Such a cyber attack in which the system is overwhelmed with the bulk data to damage a system. Recently, a company was attacked with a data in terabytes per second.
In our case, the utilities received thousand of bogus calls as attacker overwhelmed the utilities so that customers can't report real response so which is distributed denial of service cyber attack.
The described attack is a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack, which overwhelms systems with excessive queries, making them unavailable to legitimate users.
DDoS attacks work by using many different computers to simultaneously send an overwhelming amount of queries to a target server, causing it to become unavailable to legitimate users.
These attacks violate the Availability parameter of the CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability) triad in information security.
They can be launched using techniques like flooding attacks which engage the system with excessive queries making it hard for legitimate users to access resources as seen in the case described.
Becky works full-time as a receptionist for a law firm. Everyday after work she hurries home to cook supper, tidy up the house, and help the kids with their homework. This additional work mothers such as Becky put in after they get home from working eight hours for wages was described by Hochschild as the working wife's "________."
Answer:
The answer is “second shift”: the additional work mothers such as Becky put in after they get home from working eight hours for wages was described by Hochschild as the working wife’s Second shift.
Explanation:
“Second shift” is a term that Arlie Hochschild used in her book titled "The Second Shift". She describes the second shift as the extra household work that women do at home after closing from their paid jobs which are mostly done outside the home. Hochschild’s book (The Second Shift) describes the interviews that she and her colleagues had with 50 couples from various homes, and concludes that after doing one shift of work in the office, most women do a second shift of work in their homes.
The rise of the gentry in sixteenth-century England was due primarily to
Select one:
a. their promotion of industrial development.
b. their promotion of commercial links abroad.
c. their participation in the flourishing commerce of the period.
d. their participation on the House of Commons.
e. All these answers are correct.
Answer:
The answer is E): All these answers are correct.
Explanation:
The rise of the gentry was primarily due to their position as landowners who participated in politics, positively influenced the economy, promoted industrial and commercial activities, and assisted the government by governing their own lands. In those days, ownership of land made people to be powerful, wealthy, and influential in many areas of life.
Our basketball team won a game last week by the score of 73–49, and yet not even one man on our team scored as much as a single point. How is that possible?
Answer: It is a woman's team.
Technically, it's impossible to score 73 points in a game of basketball by just scoring one single point by each member of the team .
In basketball, there are 5 players in a team on the pitch at a time, plus 7 substitutes making a total of 12 players. The maximum number of points that can be attained by each individual scoring only one point including substitutes is 12 points.
So all things being equal, the team was a women's team and not a single man scored a point because no man was playing the game.
Which of the following statements is the MOST debatable?
A. Intelligence is at least somewhat genetic in origin.
B. Genetic factors are strongly implicated as the cause of ethnic differences in intelligence.
C. The average IQ in the lowest social classes is about 15 points lower than the average IQ in the highest social classes.
D. The average IQ for some minority groups in the United States is about 10 to 15 points lower than the average for Caucasians.
Answer: C
Explanation: being - The average IQ in the lowest social classes is about 15 points lower than the average IQ in the highest social classes.
This is not true because IQ is independent of social class. It's a natural ability and not some class imposed capability.
Imagine that you have selected your topic on a social problem in America. You would like to write a paper on illiteracy. How will identifying a specific MAIN POINT about this topic help you as a writer?
Identifying a specific main point for a paper on illiteracy in America helps in organizing thoughts, guiding research, and clearly communicating the writer's argument. It prevents irrelevant data from overshadowing the key message and improves reader comprehension and engagement.
Identifying a specific main point about the topic of illiteracy in America is crucial for a writer because it provides a clear direction for the paper. This central idea helps the writer in organizing their thoughts, conducting focused research, and crafting an argument that effectively communicates their perspective on the issue. For example, if a writer wishes to highlight the importance of health literacy, they might begin by detailing the negative consequences of its absence in adults, followed by solutions on how health literacy can be attained. This approach ensures that the writer does not fall into the trap of an "information dump," where irrelevant data may obscure the key message. Instead, by having a specific main point, the writer can critically evaluate sources, such as studies from organizations, and maintain a focused discussion in line with the writing assignment at hand.
A strong main point also facilitates reader comprehension, as it organizes supporting details, explanations, and facts around the central theme. This helps readers to better understand and engage with the text, and it ensures that the writing serves a meaningful purpose rather than just presenting information without a clear argument.
A late selection view of attention suggests that
a. attention can switch back and forth between attended and unattended inputs.
b. analysis of an unattended input is greater than that of the attended input.
c. only the attended input is analyzed; the unattended input receives little analysis.
d. all inputs are fully processed; however, only the attended input reaches consciousness.
Answer:
d. all inputs are fully processed; however, only the attended input reaches consciousness.
Explanation:
Late selection models states that the information is selected after looking for the meaning, which is opposite to the earlier stages of processing. According to this models, all the information is attended to whether purposely or un purposely.
Here all the inputs are processed but those inputs which are attended intentionally reaches consciousness.
Hence the correct option is (d).
Rescorla's cognitive theory proposed that the real reason Pavlov's dogs salivated to conditioned stimuli was that these stimuli allowed them to ____.
Rescorla's cognitive theory proposed that the real reason Pavlov's dogs salivated to conditioned stimuli was that these stimuli allowed them to predict what food would come.
Explanation:
Pavlovian theory explains that the stimulus is related with the conditioned response. To prove this Ivan Pavlov conducted some experiments regarding stimulus with his dogs. In this experiment he found that the objects or events are capable of triggering the conditioned response. A bell is used as a neutral stimulus in the experiment designed by Pavlov.
The change that occurs in the associative strength between the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus is well explained by Rescorla’s theory.
The dog under experiment is presented with stimulus and food, and this process is repeated for several numbers of times. Finally the dogs started to salivate in response to the stimulus.
Ross, a newly licensed residential real estate appraiser, is on his way to appraise his very first piece of property. He is nervous on the way to the property and is going through the appraisal process in his head. Please help Ross put the appraisal steps in order.
Answer: State the problem. Gather, record and verify the necessary data. Analyze and interpret. Neighborhood analysis. Neighborhood cycle. Site analysis
The popularity of ____ has encouraged everyday users to connect and build relationships with like-minded individuals and friends.
Answer: Social media or Social networking services.
Social media is an interactive form of communication that allows users to interact, share information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression and connect with each other generally by means of the internet. The include various categories and virtually every body from different niche of life can find a platform to thrive. They include; blogs; business networks; forums; microblogs; photo sharing; products/services review; social gaming; video sharing; virtual worlds etc.
Which of the following is a feature of smoking and weight maintenance? a. Smoking a cigarette increases the appetite for energy-dense foods. b. Smokers on average weigh about 5 lbs more than nonsmokers. c. Trying to stop smoking at the same time as trying to lose weight effectively guarantees neither effort will succeed. d. Psychotherapy is effective at reducing either smoking or body weight but not both at the same time. e. People who give up smoking gain an average of 10 lbs in the first year.
Answer:
e. People who give up smoking gain an average of 10 lbs in the first year.
Explanation:
Smoking is the practice where a substance is burned and smoke that results from it is inhaled in to be absorbed in the bloodstream and be tasted. Smoking is considered to be a bad habit as it causes ill effects in the body.
Smoking makes people lose weight. Thus when people quit smoking the body starts metabolizing differently causing weight gain.
Hence the correct option is (e).
People living in rural areas have a victimization rate almost ______ than that of city dwellers.
The correct answer is 50 percent lower
Explanation: Rural area is the space comprised in the countryside. It is an undeveloped region, intended for agriculture and livestock activities, extractivism, rural tourism, forestry or environmental conservation. It is in the rural space where most of the food consumed in the urban space is produced.
Which of the following is NOT given as a reason for Amazon’s initial success?
Select one:
a. Their marketing resonated with consumers’ wants
b. Their marketing resonated with consumers’ needs
c. They used social media marketing
d. They had no competition
In comparison with the Greeks, the Romans in the fifth through the third centuries Select one: a. demonstrated greater skill in dealing with internal and external political conflicts. b. developed a political system in which common people had more power. c. relied more on naval power. d. were unwilling to adopt the phonetic alphabet. e. placed less emphasis upon family.
Answer:
A) Demonstrated greater skill in dealing with internal and external political conflicts.
Explanation:
It was between the 5th and 3rd centuries BC that Rome began a great territorial expansion but also was a period of riots, and the senators and leaders should know how to deal with them. The creation of posts for the peasants and ordinary people was the way found by Rome to avoid more riots. This is an example of internal political conflict and the solution for it. It was from the 3rd century BC that the Romans began the phase of territorial expansion through military conquests. After defeating the Carthaginians in the Punic Wars, the Romans came to control the Mediterranean Sea. Then the Romans began to attack other territories such as Syria and Macedonia. This is an example of external political conflict, and the solution found by Rome.
The positive externalities of education are always reflected in general society. Which of the following is not an example of a positive externality of education?
(A) lower levels of crime
(B) a cleaner environment
(C) better health outcomes for the population
(D) a higher income for a person who received a college degree from Harvard
Answer:
I think it is (C)
Explanation:
I think it is C, because if you did not have good health then you cant have a great population
The greater results for the population's health is not an excellent illustration of a positive externality of education because a large population is dependent on better health. Option C is correct.
What are the positive externalities of education?The positive externalities of education has a wide range of positive effects that extend to society at large. To put it another way, a person can produce advantageous externalities.
For instance, a community with higher education is more likely to pick leaders who will lead successfully. Additionally, areas with higher levels of education typically have lower crime rates. Due to the societal advantages that education confers on the individual who gets it, it is seen as a positive externality.
Therefore, option C is correct.
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Which of the following is not typical of traditional costing systems? Select one: a. Use of a single predetermined overhead rate. b. Use of direct labor hours or direct labor cost to assign overhead. c. Assumption of correlation between direct labor and incurrence of overhead cost. d. Use of multiple cost drivers to allocate overhead. Check
Answer:
option C is right
Explanation:
Given are four methods of allocation of overheads. we have to find which one is not typical of traditional costing systems.
a. Use of a single predetermined overhead rate.
This is a traditional costing system, where a single rate applied for calculating overheads.
b. Use of direct labor hours or direct labor cost to assign overhead.
This also a traditional costing system, which majority of industries adapt.
c. Assumption of correlation between direct labor and incurrence of overhead cost.
This is not a traditional costing system, but modern tool introduced to find the relation between direct labor and overhead cost.
d. Use of multiple cost drivers to allocate overhead.
This is also a traditional system where more than one driver is used.
Hence option C is right
A brief statement that describes the type or category of speech that you will prepare and deliver is called
a. Specific purpose statement
b. General purpose statement
c. Topic sentence
d. Thesis statement
A General Purpose Statement is a brief statement that describes the broad goal of a speech, which could be to inform, persuade, or entertain the audience. Hence, option b is correct.
Explanation:The brief statement that describes the type or category of speech that you will prepare and deliver is called a General Purpose Statement. This is a simple aside or declaration that outlines the broad goal of your speech. This could be to inform, persuade, or entertain the audience. Unlike the specific purpose statement, topic sentence, or thesis statement, it doesn't provide detailed information about your topic, rather it provides a framework for the overall intent of the speech.
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Penelope studies how the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a ________. developmental psychologist humanist biopsychologist social psychologist
Answer: She is a Biopsychologist.
Explanation: Biopsychologist also known as biological psychologist, or psychobiologist applies the principles of biology to the study of mental processes and behaviour of humans and animals. They analyze the nervous system or organs(brain) in the body and how they affects our behaviour.
Answer: She is a Biopsychologist.
Explanation: Just took a quiz and got it correct
Leaders have a superior ability to analyze a variety of complex alternatives and opportunities due to their
Answer:
Cognitive and practical intelligence
Explanation:
Leaders are not necessarily genius, but because of their social practice and the training obtained by life give them the ability to look wide and see the opportunities, as well the better moment to make a choice, and guide its fellows on the righteous path.
The three original concepts developed by Taylor, Fayol, and Mayo, that remain at the heart of hospitality management, are:___________.
Answer:
Taylor: scientific organization of work
Fayol: Management and administration within a company
Mayo: Human relationships
Explanation:
Taylor was an American engineer who developed the concept of scientific organization of work, in which the greatest benefit is to obtain both, the benefit of the employer and the employee. Thanks to this concept Taylor was known as the father of engineering efficiency, since his main objective was to avoid any loss of time or money in the industry.
Fayol was known as the father of the modern administration thanks to his great contributions within the managerial field. This engineer was the first to propose that the bases of a company's problems were not simply based on the operational part but could have its main roots from the managerial and administrative part within the organization.
Mayo was an Australian researcher who developed his work primarily in the United States at Harvard University. His interests were mainly focused in human relations within organizations rather than in the operative part for obtaining good results in the production of a company.
The correct answer is Scientific Management (Taylor), Administrative Theory (Fayol), and Human Relations Movement (Mayo).
The three original concepts developed by Taylor, Fayol, and Mayo, which remain at the heart of hospitality management, are:
1. Scientific Management (Taylor): Frederick W. Taylor introduced the concept of scientific management, which focuses on increasing efficiency and productivity in the workplace. Taylor advocated for the systematic study of work, the scientific selection and training of workers, the development of a true science of work, the cooperation of management and workers, and the division of work and responsibility between management and workers.
2. Administrative Theory (Fayol): Henri Fayol developed the administrative theory, which emphasizes the importance of management in organizations. Fayol proposed that management could be broken down into five functions: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. He also introduced the concept of the 14 Principles of Management, which include division of work, authority and responsibility, discipline, unity of command, unity of direction, subordination of individual interests to the general interest, remuneration of personnel, centralization, scalar chain, order, equity, stability of tenure of personnel, initiative, and esprit de corps.
3. Human Relations Movement (Mayo): Elton Mayo is known for his work on the Human Relations Movement, which emerged from the Hawthorne Studies. Mayo's research highlighted the importance of social factors and interpersonal relationships in the workplace. He emphasized that workers are not just motivated by money but also by a sense of belonging and the social aspects of work. The Human Relations Movement focuses on communication, employee involvement, and leadership styles that recognize the psychological and social needs of employees.
These three concepts have had a profound impact on the field of hospitality management by providing frameworks for understanding and improving organizational efficiency, management practices, and employee relations. They continue to influence contemporary management theories and practices in the hospitality industry.
Jillian is a preschooler with emotion-coaching parents. One may reasonably expect Jillian to______________.
Answer:
One may reasonably expect Jillian to focus her attention better.
Explanation:
Emotion- coaching is a technique which enables children to understand their feelings and learn their emotions in a better way. These children tend to form a stronger friendship with other children, they are better focused and perform better. These children have fewer negative thoughts and tend to develop a sharp mind and attention.
Through emotion- coaching technique, the children learn how to react to their feelings in a healthy way. These children hence have a more fresh mind.
Bandura was an outspoken critic against violence and modeled aggressive behavior, especially with children. If you were the program executive in charge of analyzing Bandura's data on modeled aggression, how would you convince a meeting of top level executives to eliminate violent programming on the television network during the late afternoon and early evening when children are more likely to be watching?
Answer:
Bandura talks in his theory about how children learn through observation and imitation processes.
Explanation:
Bandura talks in his theory about how children learn through observation and imitation processes. Taking into account that television is one of the main sources of information for the children that are in contact with this media, it is important to consider that what it is transmitted there will be reflected on the children's minds and behaviors. They will take this information as a model to respond during the daily challenges they face.
Taking into account the behavioral theory, Bandura explains how learning could be achieved, it is not merely necessary to take into account the reinforcements or constraints posed by this theory. the author explains how through observation children can get to know the difference between behaviors that are appropriate and those that are not.
In the experiment conducted by Bandura, there were two sample groups with preschoolers. In the first group the children could observe a doll that was violently attacked by some models. In the second group the children sat around the doll in a peaceful environment. During the stages following the experiment, it was observed that the children of the first group showed aggressive behaviors, while the children of the second group behaved calmly. Through this experiment, Bandura concluded that the learning of the human being is not linked only to direct exposure to information but also to a form of indirect learning through what the individual can observe and conclude from certain situations.
Therefore, television should be a medium that offers optimal conditions of development for children since they are the promise for the future of the nation, if what you want is a peaceful nation, you should start by forming the younger generations to react in a peaceful and intelligent way.
When a licensee terminates his or her association with a firm, which statement is true?
Answer and Explanation:
When a licensee terminates his or her association with a firm, whatever active listings (active statuses: the homes they put up for sale/which they are marketing at the time) for properties they have at the moment will become the sole property of the firm they are terminating their association with.
Barb (35) is divorced from Dan (40). They are the parents of Boyd (12). Boyd lives with his mother, Barb, who pays over half the cost of maintaining the home. The divorce decree gives Dan the unconditional right to claim the dependency exemption for Boyd. Boyd meets all of the tests for dependency for Barb as a qualifying child. Barb's most advantageous filing status is __________.
A. Head of household.
B. Married filing jointly.
C. Married filing separately.
D. Single.
Answer:
i believe head of the household
Explanation:
boyd lives with his mom, she sees boyd more then
Answer:
A. Head of household.
Explanation:
Head of household is the person who takes care of the expenses of a house and manages the house alone or with a help, but is primarily responsible for everything that involves the house where you live and with the residents of the house as well.
As we can see from the question above, Barb, besides being responsible for the care of her son with Dan, pays more than half of the cost of house maintenance. That is, Barb, is the principal responsible for the administration of the house and the son who lives with her. With this we can say that Barb is the head of the family.
Sociologist Herbert Gans, in his study of community life, focused on
Answer: Herbert Gans in his study focused on Demographic factors such as occupation, income, age, race.
Explanation: Herbert Gans, a sociologist born born May 7, 1927 was. He was a German immigrant to America and mainly described his works as an immigrant trying to understand America. His works mainly focused on characteristics used to classify people such as age, income(upper class, lower class, middle class), race(black, white, Hispanic, etc.)
True/False
Reliability is how long an item or system will perform its function before it breaks
Answer: True. Reliability is how long an item or system will perform its function before it breaks.
Explanation: Reliability can be defined as the ability to measure the same thing consistently, that is, repeated measurements would give the same result. A synonym of reliability is validity which indicates that it has a time frame before it becomes unreliable or produce inconsistent results.
A four-year-old becomes frightened of the dark and refuses to go to sleep at night. How might a psychoanalyst and a behaviorist differ in their views of how this problem developed?
Answer:
Psychoanalyst view: the four-year-old boy does not want to sleep. And he has unconsciously learned how to stay awake by saying he is afraid.
Behaviorist view: there are always positive responses such as cuddling, smile, candies anytime given him anytime he says he is afraid. So he does that every time.
Explanation:
A psychoanalyst believes in the consciousness of the mind. And that people can be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts.
A behaviorist believes that our behavior and actions are based on our condition and environment.
Which of the following is not one of the four scales in the Jung Typology (MBTI) assessment?
a. Thinking - Feeling.
b. Judging - Perceiving.
c. Sensing - Knowledge.
d. Extroversion - Introversion.
C. Sensing - Knowledge is NOT one of the four scales in the MBTI assessment.
Hope this helps.