Name two ways that scientists share their experimental results with other scientists

Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cells. They use the genetic instructions from the nucleus to assemble the proteins of the cell, as well as other proteins the body needs.

The nuclear membrane is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER is a network of membranes in layers, sacs, and tubes where organic molecules are made. These membranes work with the Golgi apparatus, the cell's vesicles and vacuole, and are collectively known as the endomembrane system. The endomembrane system is involved in producing, sorting, and packaging materials of the cell.

The endomembrane system transports materials around the cell. Some parts of the endomembrane system also participate in transporting substances out of the cell.

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Sleep start, or 'hypnagogic myoclonus', involves a small conflict between motor function and sleep function as the brain transitions to sleep. It is a normal occurrence that can happen during this transition and is not directly related to the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems in this context. Damage to the nervous system, however, can impair the fight-or-flight response.

The phenomenon of sleep start, or 'hypnagogic myoclonus', is thought to be a battle between motor function and sleep function. During the transition from wakefulness to sleep, the brain works to inhibit muscle activity, allowing for rest. However, sometimes there can be a misfire in this transition process, resulting in a sudden twitch or sensation of falling. This is not typically a conflict involving dreams versus reality or the fight or flight response, but rather a normal process of the body transitioning to sleep that can occasionally experience a minor hiccup. Specifically, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, while indirectly related through the broader autonomic nervous system which manages bodily functions, are not the direct cause of sleep starts.

If a person experiences nervous system damage, several endocrine-related body functions can be affected, such as the fight-or-flight response, which is directly related to the sympathetic nervous system and can be impaired due to nervous system damage.

The answer to that question is electrons and neutrons

The sub-atomic particle or particles fit these descriptions is :

Electrons and neutrons

There are 03 subatomic particles:

Two of the subatomic paricles have electrical charges: protons have a positive charge while electrons have a negative charge

.

Thus, option "C" is correct.

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Answer:

Temperature.

Explanation:

Ecosystem may be defined as the the biological communities and their interaction with non- living organisms. The ecosystem includes both the living and non-living organisms.

The living component of the ecosystem are plants, animals, bacteria and other microorganisms. Temperature is considered as non- living component of the ecosystem and it can influence the structure of the ecosystem.

Thus, the correct answer is option (4).

When the air above  the warm ocean water  is warmed and evaporated in the form of water vapors. These vapors act as a fuel for the  hurricane formation as it  is strengthened by the latent heat released by condensation of the vast amounts of water vapor.

Final answer:

Elodea and onion cells have consistent shapes because of their rigid cell walls, while human epithelial cells exhibit a variety of shapes due to their flexible plasma membranes and specialized roles within the body.

Explanation:

Elodea and onion cells have more consistent shapes than human epithelial cells due to their cell walls and the environments they inhabit. Plant cells, such as those of Elodea and onion, possess rigid cell walls made primarily of cellulose. This feature gives them a fixed, often rectangular shape, allowing for a consistent cellular arrangement similar to bricks in a wall. In contrast, human epithelial cells lack cell walls and exhibit a variety of shapes due to their specialized functions and locations within the body. Epithelial cells can be flat (squamous), cube-shaped (cuboidal), or columnar (taller than they are wide), and their shapes can even change in transitional types, adapting to the specific needs of the tissue or organ they form part of. This adaptability is essential for functions such as absorption, protection, and secretion. Furthermore, the presence of a flexible plasma membrane instead of a rigid cell wall allows human cells to alter their shape, enabling processes like cell movement and tissue repair.

Answer:

The carbon dioxide concentration will be constant by diffusion and the salt balance occurs by osmosis in human body. The maintenance of constant internal environment is homeostasis.

Explanation:

Homeostasis is the process of keeping a constant internal environment. Here all the physiological activities should be at a constant level. This includes the maintenance of the blood sugar level, carbon dioxide concentration, salt, temperature regulation.  

The salt balance is maintained in the body by aldosterone hormone or ADH hormone. It is a steroid hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex. When the salt concentration is more in the blood, aldosterone secretion will be more. It helps to reabsorb more salt by the distal convoluted tubule.  

When the salt concentration is less in the body the secretion of the ADH hormone is less. This maintains the osmoregulation of the body by keeping the sodium level constant.  

Another example is the maintenance of carbon dioxide concentration in the blood. In the blood, the carbon dioxide concentration is less than the oxygen. Sometimes due to physical exercise, cellular respiration increases the level of carbon dioxide.  

In this situation, the medulla oblongata sends the signal to the heart. Then the heart helps carry more carbon dioxide in the blood and reaches the lungs. Thus the heartbeat and breathing rate will more. This expels out the excess carbon dioxide from the body.  

This process happens by diffusion while the salt balance has done by osmosis.

Using antibacterial wipes can contribute to the mutation of bacteria by applying selective pressure that favors resistant strains, which can survive and proliferate. Hyperevolution and horizontal gene transfer are mechanisms that can facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistance. While most mutations are harmful, in large populations, the few beneficial mutations can lead to antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

When bacteria come under stress from agents like antibacterial wipes, which often contain antibiotics or antiseptics, they can undergo a process that increases mutation rates as a form of self-defense. This heightened state of mutation, known as hyperevolution, allows the bacterial population a greater chance of developing mutations that could lead to antibiotic resistance. Most mutations are detrimental, but in a large population, some bacteria may acquire beneficial mutations that allow them to survive and thrive despite the presence of antibiotics, thereby increasing the frequency of resistant bacteria over time through natural selection.

Furthermore, the exposure to antibiotics does not 'cause' bacteria to become drug-resistant - the resistant genes are often already present in the bacterial population. However, the use of antibacterial substances can apply selective pressure, favoring bacteria that either already possess resistance genes or those that acquire them through spontaneous mutation or horizontal gene transfer. Horizontal gene transfer allows the exchange of DNA between bacteria, spreading resistance traits more quickly than through mutation alone.

It's also critical to understand that some bacteria can survive antibiotic treatment without being resistant by entering a state of dormancy, known as antibiotic tolerance. These 'dormant persisters' halt growth in the presence of antibiotics, avoiding being killed, but they do not possess or acquire resistance genes. Finally, the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are major public health concerns, with CDC estimates indicating over two million infections from resistant bacteria annually in the United States.

The most important reason to wash, rinse and sanitize a meat slicer or knife is to: prevent it from harboring and breeding harmful microorganisms such as bacteria.

Washing or sanitizing a meat slicer or knife after use is very important.  When a meat slicer or knife is not cleaned or sanitized regularly, meat can accumulate in it and allow harmful microorganisms such as bacteria to grow. The organism (bacteria) can contaminate foods and lead to foodborne diseases.

Answer:

Cyanide poisoning

Explanation:

Cyanide poisoning results from exposure to various forms of cyanide. Potential routes of exposure  includes places involved in certain insecticides, metal polishing, the medication nitroprusside etc. Symptoms can be seen usually within few minutes that includes slow heart rate, low blood pressure, seizures, loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest. Decontamination and antidote are two ways of treating the cyanide poisoning.

The mitochondria in a cell produce most of the cell's energy by carrying out a process called cellular respiration, which converts the chemical energy in glucose and other nutrients into ATP, the main energy-carrying molecule.

The mitochondria in a cell are usually referred to as the 'powerhouses' or 'energy factories' because they are responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy-carrying molecule of a cell. This process, known as cellular respiration, uses the chemical energy in glucose and other nutrients to make ATP. Organisms obtain energy from their environment and convert it into a form that they can use to do work. This energy is stored within organic molecules like sugars and fats, and is converted through a series of cellular chemical reactions into ATP molecules. Energy in ATP molecules is easily accessible to do work such as powering the motion of cilia or flagella, and contracting muscle fibers to create movement.

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Type 1 diabetes represents 10% of all cases of diabetes, it is usually diagnosed in children and adolescents, and sometimes, albeit rarely, in people over 40 years of age.

Patients are supported by:

- Insulin injections

- Medium intensity physical activity

-Surve one's diet

-Treatment of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

- Control of blood pressure

-Surveillance of cholesterol

Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body does not use the insulin it makes properly.

Patients are supported by:

Oral antidiabetics

-Medicines that stimulate insulin production or insulin injections

-Surve one's diet

-Regular physical activity

-Treatment of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

- Control of blood pressure

-Surveillance of cholesterol

They are actually assisted by the Na + / Ca 2+ exchanger. This specific exchanger produces an inward (or depolarizing) current which helps sustain the membrane potential near 0 mV. This is achieved by moving 3 Na + into the cell for every 1 Ca2+ out.