When the useful energy output of a simple machine is 100 j, and the total energy input is 200 j, the efficiency is _______?

Final answer:

A space with no air is known as a vacuum, an area without matter. Intergalactic space displays this type of emptiness to a profound extent, as the density of atoms is incredibly sparse compared to what we experience on Earth.

Explanation:

Any space that contains no air is referred to as a vacuum. A vacuum is defined in science as a space devoid of any matter, including molecules and atoms.

This concept is crucial in understanding the vastness and emptiness of the universe. For instance, the air we breathe has about 1019 atoms in each cubic centimeter, which seems dense compared to the interstellar gas of the Galaxy, which contains about one atom per cubic centimeter.

However, if we venture further into intergalactic space, we would need to search through a cubic meter to find just one atom on average. This demonstrates the sheer scale of emptiness when we consider the universe beyond our Earth's atmosphere.

In various scientific contexts, such as physics and astronomy, we recognize that while the Galaxy and the observable universe are mostly empty space, anomalies such as interstellar clouds may contain densities of gas and dust exceeding the average by a thousand times or more.

Nevertheless, these dense areas are still closer to a vacuum than any environment we can create on Earth. Even in these denser clusters, the amount of matter is minuscule compared to what we encounter in our day-to-day lives on Earth.

Answer: The given statement is False.

Stimulus discrimination is the tendency of an individual to differentiate between a particular stimulus that is learned and a similar stimulus that is presented to the individual. Thus, it means that organism does not generalizes one consequence to many stimuli that are similar to the discriminative stimulus.

Thus, the given statement is false.

The statement is false. Stimulus discrimination is the ability of an organism to respond differently to different stimuli, not generalizing one consequence to many stimuli similar to the discriminative one.

Actually, the student's statement is false. Stimulus discrimination is the ability of an organism to respond differently to different stimuli. It is not generalizing one consequence to many stimuli that are similar to the discriminative stimulus. Rather, it's the capability to discern between a stimulus that signals a consequence and other stimuli that do not.

For instance, in Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiments, dogs were conditioned to salivate when a bell was rung as it became associated with food. But these dogs would not respond to a different sound despite it being similar, which demonstrates stimulus discrimination.

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Final answer:

The elastic potential energy stored in a system can be calculated using the formula PEel = (1/2)kx², where k is the spring's force constant and x is the displacement from the equilibrium position.

Explanation:

The elastic potential energy stored in a system described by Hooke's law can be calculated using the formula: PEel = (1/2)kx². Here, PEel represents the elastic potential energy, k is the spring's force constant, and x is the displacement from the equilibrium position. To calculate the elastic potential energy, you need to know the force constant and the displacement of the system.

For example, if you have a spring with a force constant of 120 N/m and a displacement of 0.030 m, you can calculate the potential energy using the formula PE = (1/2)(120 N/m)(0.030 m)² = 0.0541 J.

The initial velocity of the car when it began to accelerate on a straight highway with a constant acceleration of 0.0323 m/s^2 over a period of 63.3 seconds to cover 1 km was approximately 14.77 m/s.

To find the initial velocity of the car when it began to accelerate, we can use the kinematic equation for uniformly accelerated linear motion:

[tex]( s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2\))[/tex]

Where \(s\) is the displacement, (u) is the initial velocity, (t) is the time, and (a) is the acceleration. Given that the car covered 1 km (or 1000 meters) in 63.3 seconds with an acceleration of (0.0323 m/s^2), we can plug these values into the equation and solve for (u).

[tex]\(1000 m = u \cdot 63.3 s + \frac{1}{2} \cdot 0.0323 m/s^2 \cdot (63.3 s)^2\)[/tex]

We first calculate the second term:

[tex]\(\frac{1}{2} \cdot 0.0323 m/s^2 \cdot (63.3 s)^2 = \frac{1}{2} \cdot 0.0323 m/s^2 \cdot 4006.89 s^2 = \approx 64.74 m\)[/tex]

Subtracting this from the total displacement:

[tex]\(1000 m - 64.74 m = 935.26 m\)[/tex]

Now we solve for (u):

[tex]\(935.26 m = u \cdot 63.3 s\)\\\(u = \frac{935.26 m}{63.3 s} = \approx 14.77 m/s\)[/tex]

Thus, the initial velocity of the car was approximately 14.77 m/s.

The kinetic energy of the two-car system after the collision is found using the conservation of momentum to find final velocities, and then applying those to the kinetic energy formula. Variables 've', 'vn', and 'm' from the question could represent initial or relative velocities and mass respectively.

The kinetic energy of the two-car system immediately after the collision can be determined using the principle of conservation of momentum and the equations for kinetic energy. Firstly, we use the conservation of momentum equation, which is m₁v₁ + m₂v₂ = m₁v'₁ + m₂v'₂, where m and v represent the masses and velocities before the collision and v' represents the velocities after the collision. Determining the final velocities allows us to find the kinetic energy after the collision by using the standard kinetic energy formula, KE = ½mv², with v being the final velocities.

It's instructive to compare the kinetic energy before and after the collision. In the given question, the variables 've' and 'vn' are not defined, but traditionally they represent the initial velocities or the relative velocities of the two systems. 'm' represents mass, and with the knowledge of these parameters, we can substitute them into the kinetic energy formula to get the result.

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The number of significant figures on the measurement of 0.050010 kilograms would be five significant figures as the left-most zeros are not significant but the zeros in between of non zero digits are significant as well as the zeros on the right after the decimal point are significant.

In positional notation, significant figures refer to the digits in a number that is trustworthy and required to denote the amount of something, also known as the significant digits, precision, or resolution.

Five significant figures would be needed to represent the measurement of 0.050010 kilos since the leftmost zeros are not significant, but the zeros between non-zero digits and the zeros to the right of the decimal point are.

Thus, there are five significant figures in the given measurement.

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The volume of the helium-filled balloon at a height of 36 km, under the conditions given, can be calculated using the Combined Gas Law, and it is approximately 9.47 × 10^7 liters.

To calculate the volume of the helium-filled balloon at a height of 36 km, where the pressure is 73.0 mmHg and the temperature is 235.0 K, we can use the Combined Gas Law. This law combines the three gas laws: Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law. It is represented by the formula:

P1 * V1 / T1 = P2 * V2 / T2

Where:

P1 = initial pressure

V1 = initial volume

T1 = initial temperature (in Kelvin)

P2 = final pressure

V2 = final volume (unknown)

T2 = final temperature (in Kelvin)

To apply the Combined Gas Law to our scenario, we must first convert the initial temperature to Kelvin:

T1 = 27.8°C + 273.15 = 300.95 K

Now we can plug in the values:

(752 mmHg * 9.47 × 10^4 L) / 300.95 K = (73.0 mmHg * V2) / 235.0 K

By rearranging the formula to solve for V2, the final volume, we get:

V2 = (752 mmHg * 9.47 × 10^4 L * 235.0 K) / (73.0 mmHg * 300.95 K)

After performing the calculations:

V2 = 9.47 × 10^7 L approximately (the exact answer depends on the precision of the calculations and the rounding)

Thus, the volume of the balloon at 36 km would be approximately 9.47 × 10^7 liters.

The cd's moment of inertia for rotation about a perpendicular axis through its center is about 5.3 × 10⁻⁵ kg.m²

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

Let's recall Angular Momentum and Moment of Inertia of Cylinder formula as follows:

[tex]\boxed {L = I \omega}[/tex]

where:

L = angular momentum ( kg.m²/s )

I = moment of inertia ( kg.m² )

ω = angular frequency ( rad/s )

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed { I = \frac{1}{2} M R^2 }[/tex]

where:

I = moment of inertia ( kg.m² )

M = mass of object ( kg )

R = radius of object ( m )

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

Given:

mass of cd = M = 25 g = 0.025 kg

diameter of cd = d = 13 cm = 0.13 m

radius of cd = R = d/2 = 0.13/2 = 0.065 m

Asked:

moment of inertia = I = ?

Solution:

[tex]I = \frac{1}{2} M R^2[/tex]

[tex]I = \frac{1}{2} \times 0.025 \times 0.065^2[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{I = 5.3 \times 10^{-5} \texttt{ kg.m}^2}[/tex]

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

[tex]\texttt{ }[/tex]

Grade: High School

Subject: Physics

Chapter: Circular Motion

Answer: Frequent collisions turned rocks to dust, pushing the dust deeper into space.

Explanation:

Particles accumulate due to force of gravity in the accretion process. With increase in mass, gravity increases which pulls in more mass. This leads to formation of of bigger massive objects. The frequency of collisions between particles increases. Particles collide and stick with each other. This generates large amount of heat.This is how, planets and other celestial bodies are formed. As gravity pulls the nebular disk inward, the disk spins faster. Particles rotate in the same direction as the nebular disk.

Thus, the statement which does not support formation of planets through accretion process is: Frequent collisions turned rocks to dust, pushing the dust deeper into space.

Answer:

its Frequent collisions turned rocks to dust, pushing the dust deeper into space. D

Explanation:

plato

Answer:

Weight = 5 N

Explanation:

As we know that rock falls a distance of 2.5 m in one second so now we can use kinematics to find the acceleration of the rock

[tex]d = \frac{1}{2}gt^2[/tex]

here we know

d = 2.5 m

t = 1 s

now from above equation we know

[tex]2.5 = \frac{1}{2}g(1)^2[/tex]

[tex]g = 5 m/s^2[/tex]

So here the weight of the rock is given as

[tex]W = mg[/tex]

[tex]W = 1\times 5[/tex]

[tex]W = 5 N[/tex]

The formula we can use in this case would be:

h = vi t + 0.5 g t^2

where h is height, vi is initial velocity = 0 since started from rest, g is gravity

Therefore calculating for t:

1.4 m = 0.5 * 9.8 m/s^2 * t^2

t^2 = 0.2857 s^2

t = 0.53 seconds

The answer is letter c.

The explanation behind this is when human consumes a plant or when a human being eats an animal that ate a plant. The chemical energy kept in the plant (or animal) cells is progressed into the cells of the human's body. All of the body progressions, like ingestion, breathing, pumping blood, are driven by cells changing the kept chemical energy into heat and work, in a procedure called respiration. In the muscle cells of the human (or any animal), the chemical energy is converted into mechanical work and heat. The muscle pacts, the legs thrust, and the body jumps into the air. 

C. Chemical to mechanical

A tight metal lid on a glass jar of jam may loosen if the lid is held under hot water for a few minutes. This is because the water causes the expansion of metal.

When there are temperature differences, heat is transferred from one object to another. When two bodies of different temperatures are brought together, heat transfers from the warmer to the colder body.

The heat of the hotter body often drops and the heat of the region of lower temperature rises as a result of this energy transfer, though it is not always the case.

A substance can absorb more heat without warming up if it changes from one steady position to another or from one physical situation to another, such as melting from a solid to a liquid, melting from solids to a vapor, boiled from a liquid to something like a vapor, or cycling through this one.

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A motor spins upward the flywheel with a persistent torque of 50N⋅m.

What time does it take the flywheel to get to the top speed?
From the equation: 
Tj = J*dω/dt 

you can get the two equations: 
Δt1= J1*Δω/Tj = 240*125.66/50 = 603.17 sec 
Δt2= J2*Δω/Tj = 120*125.66/50 = 301.58 sec 

1. Protons and neutrons have the same charge.

Protons have positive charge, equal to [tex]e=+1.6\cdot 10^{-19} C[/tex], while neutrons have zero charge.

2. mass number

The mass number of an atom is equal to the sum of protons and neutrons inside its nucleus.

3. Atoms are made up of smaller particles.

According to Dalton's theory, atoms are the smallest particles that make matter, and they are indivisible and indestructible, so they are NOT made up of smaller particles.

4. a solid sphere

In Dalton's theory, atoms are not made of smaller particles, so we can think them as solid spheres.

5. J. J. Thomson

In his experiment with cathode ray tubes, JJ Thomson demonstrated the existance of the electrons, which are negatively charged particles inside the atom. In his model of the atom (plum-pudding model), Thomson thought the atom consists of a uniform positive charge and the electrons are located inside this positive charge.

6. An electron has the same amount of energy in all orbitals.

In fact, each orbital corresponds to a different energy level: the farther the orbital from the nucleus, the higher the energy of the electrons contained in that orbital.

7. A hydrogen atom in heavy water has an extra neutron.

Heavy water is a type of water that contains deuterium, which is an isotope of the hydrogen consisting of one proton and one neutron (so, one extra neutron).

8. The glowing beam was always deflected by charged plates

In his cathode's ray tube experiment, Thomson shows that the beam of unknown particles (= the electrons) were deflected by charge plates, so the particles had to be also electrically charged.

9. electrons move to a lower energy level

When electrons move from a higher energy level to a lower energy, they emit a photon (light) of energy equal to the difference in energy between the two energy levels.

10. orbital

In quantum mechanics, electrons in the atom are not precisely located, since we cannot determine their exact position and velocity at the same time. Therefore, we can only describe regions of space where the electrons have a certain probability to be found, and these regions of space are called orbitals.

11. 14

According to Dalton's theory, the proportions of the reactants must be respected in order to form the same compound. Therefore, we can write:

[tex]2 g: 4 g = X : 28 g\\X=\frac{2 g \cdot 28 g}{4 g}=14 g[/tex]

12. negative charge, found outside the nucleus

Electrons are particles with negative charge of magnitude [tex]e=-1.6\cdot 10^{-19}C[/tex] that orbit around the nucleus. The nucleus, instead, consists of protons (positively charged, with charge opposite to the electron) and neutrons (neutrally charged).

13. move from higher to lower energy levels

When electrons move from a higher energy level to a lower energy inside a neon atom, they emit a photon (which is light) whose energy is equal to the difference in energy between the two energy levels.

14. atomic number from its mass number

In fact:

- the atomic number of an atom (Z) is equal to the number of protons inside the nucleus

- the mass number of an atom (A) is equal to the sum of protons+neutrons inside the nucleus

Therefore, we can find the number of neutrons in the nucleus by calculating the difference between A and Z:

Number of neutrons = A - Z

15. None of them

None of these examples is a good analogy to describe the location of an electron in an atomic orbital: in fact, the position of an electron in an orbital cannot be precisely described, we can only describe the probability to find the electron in a certain position, and none of these example is an analogy of this model.

Answer:

What experimental evidence did Thomson use to support his hypothesis that atoms are made up of even smaller, charged particles?

Identical particles were produced no matter which metal he used. Gradpoint ! just took test.

Only some metals are attracted by magnets; these metals are called ferromagnetic.

Answer:

Only some metals are attracted by magnets; these metals are called ferromagnetic.

Explanation:

but dont give me brainlist or whatever

Using Newton's second law of motion, the force exerted by the 60 kg woman in a downward accelerating elevator is calculated as 774 N (Newtons) directed downward.

In order to calculate the force a person exerts on the elevator floor, we need to use Newton's second law of motion, which states that the force applied on an object equals its mass times its acceleration (F=ma). In this situation, the acceleration is determined by both gravity (9.8 m/s² downward) and the elevator (3.1 m/s² downward), which adds up to a total of 12.9 m/s² downward. Therefore, the force exerted by the 60 kg woman on the elevator floor is her mass times this total acceleration, or F = (60 kg) * (12.9 m/s²), which equals 774 N (Newtons) directed downward.

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1. In the acronym AUDIENCE, C stands for context.

2. The audience has to understand needs to create an effective design.

3. It is important to develop these strategies in order to know workable plans and also meet with specific goals.

4. The difference between brainstorming and free association is that Brainstorming is a more organized approach to creative design than free association.

This is a way of analyzing and knowing what the expectations of an audience is going to be and the ways to meet the expectations.

The speaker must know what the needs of the audience are and the expectations they have to better structure his presentation

3. Creative strategies are the plans that would help the designer meet with his intended goals. It helps to raise creativity.

4. Brainstorming helps to give an organized approach to the way that the design would be carried out.

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The atomic number of oxygen, 8 indicates that there are eight protons in the nucleus of an oxygen atom.

Hence, the correct option is A, The atomic number of oxygen, 8 indicates that there are eight protons in the nucleus of an oxygen atom.

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